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Introduction: Modern society is experiencing a noticeable increase in the prevalence of colorectal disease due to a variety of causes, including changes in lifestyle and dietary habits as well as increased use of a variety of chemicals in the form of preservatives flavouring agents and stabilisers. Colorectal diseases are a cause of significant morbidity, hence, often gaining attention early in the disease. Although colonoscopy is a standard, the preferred tool for diagnosis and at times for management is often uncomfortable for the patient besides being incomplete in a significant percentage of patients. Hence, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained importance in recent years for the evaluation of colorectal diseases not only due to its non-invasive nature but also due to lack of radiation, a boon over computed tomography, which is considered a standard imaging tool. Hence, we planned this pilot study to evaluate the role of MRI in our tertiary care, medical college and hospital. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with signs and symptoms of colorectal disease were evaluated by 1.5T MRI followed by conventional, flexible, fibreoptic colonoscopy on the same day after obtaining approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee and after obtaining written informed consent using strict criteria. Appropriate statistical methods and tools were used to evaluate the results from the data of MRI and colonoscopy that was recorded in predesigned pro forma and compared with the final tissue diagnosis. Results: Both the median and mean age of patients in our study were 40-45 years with male predominance (M:F = 4:1). Altered bowel habits followed by bleeding per rectum were the most common presentations seen in more than 90% of patients. Both MRI and colonoscopy misdiagnosed the lesions as malignant with higher errors by MRI. MRI had high sensitivity and negative predictive value in diagnosing a malignant lesion with moderate accuracy approaching 70%. In contrast, colonoscopy was superior in specificity and positive predictive value with higher accuracy of 80%. Conclusion: Although conventional colonoscopy is the standard tool for the diagnosis of colorectal diseases, several shortcomings of colonoscopy, including its invasive nature, several contraindications and risk of complications coupled with low yield limits, are used as a screening tool. However, non-invasive and radiation-free MRI with its high sensitivity and negative predictive value for malignant lesions make it preferable as a screening tool in the evaluation of colorectal diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tooth avulsion cases occurring because of these injuries require immediate treatment to restore and maintain their position and function in the jaws. Once the avulsed tooth is replanted, it requires stabilization by a process known as splinting of teeth along with natural teeth for support. Avoiding the complications forms the mainstay of treatment modalities for tooth avulsion cases. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from 2005 to 2010 of 80 patients retrospectively, reporting to the outpatient department with a chief complaint of avulsion of the permanent tooth due to trauma and accidental injuries. Only those cases of permanent tooth avulsion were included for the study for whom follow-up details of a minimum of 1 year was available. Assessment of the cases was done based on the extraoral time between the avulsion and replantation and based on the type of transporting media. Chi-square test was used to measure the level of significance. P < 0.001 was considered as significant. Results: We found that out of 80 cases of replantation, 48 showed successful results without any pathologic change or mobility at the end of 1-year follow-up. We observed that patients, in which extraoral time was minimal, had maximum number of successful replantation results on 1-year follow-up (P > 0.001). We also observed that only cases where milk was used as a transporting media showed maximum successful results as compared to other groups (P > 0.001). Conclusion: From this study, we conclude that avulsed tooth should be replanted as soon as possible for a good prognosis. Replantation not only restores functional stability but also establishes the esthetics shortly following injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Essential part of diagnostic procedures in mixed dentition analysis is to determine adequate space available for the erupting permanent teeth. Various methods of analysis for mixed dentition are available; among them Tanaka Johnston method of space analysis for children was developed for North American children and is widely used. Its reliability among different racial and ethnic groups is yet to be determined., Aim: To check the applicability of Tanaka Jhonston method and to derive the mesiodistal width of unerupted canines and premolars and also derive new regression equations for Bangalore population., Materials and Methods: Considering the selection criteria, 400 subjects of Bangalore aged 13-16 years were randomly selected and study models were prepared. Mesiodistal widths of permanent lower incisors, canines and premolars were measured. Estimated width of upper, lower canines and premolars were also derived using Tanaka Jhonston method. Data was utilized to predict mesiodistal widths of erupting permanent canines and premolars. Descriptive analysis, independent student t-test, correlation and regression analysis were carried out., Results: Measured and estimated widths of upper and lower canines and premolars were compared and the results showed that estimated widths of upper and lower canines and premolars over estimated as to the actual measurements. A new regression equation was developed by using the formula Y=a+b(X) where Y= predicted width of canine and premolars, "a" and "b" are the constants and X= lower incisal width. Regression equations for males and females were derived separately., Conclusion: The original Tanaka Jhonston method over estimated for local Bangalore population. New regression equations and prediction tables were derived for males and females separately, which should be more conveniently used chairside by the clinician.