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Due to the emerging demands on shifting focus towards the development of more student-centered and engaging learning experiences, this systematic review elucidates the effectiveness of PeerWise introduction into the blended learning model in Physiology education based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Twenty electronic databases were utilized to access related studies between years 2010 to April 2020. A total of eight recent articles on PeerWise in physiology were analyzed. Three studies were conducted among medical students, and five studies were among other courses (i.e., Pharmacy, Biomedical Science, Optometry, and Human Physiology). Majority of the study designs were of cross-sectional quantitative and qualitative studies. Data extracted from the articles include (i) the pattern of PeerWise usage, (ii) the association between PeerWise and academic achievement, (iii) the level of student engagement, (iv) the quality of questions created and (v) students? perceptions. Four emerging themes were identified among students' perceptions; (i) learning competency, (ii) fun learning experience, (iii) engagement with peers, and (iv) motivation. Methodological quality and risk of biased were assessed; and research gaps, limitations and recommendations were addressed. The present review serves as a guide for new authors to refine their knowledge and improve future research in the topic area.

BackgroundPhysicians are not always comfortable deferring treatment of a stenosis in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery because of the perception that there is a high risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). The authors describe, using the DEFINE-FLAIR (Functional Lesion Assessment of Intermediate Stenosis to Guide Revascularisation) trial, MACE rates when LAD lesions are deferred, guided by physiological assessment using fractional flow reserve (FFR) or the instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR).ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to establish the safety of deferring treatment in the LAD using FFR or iFR within the DEFINE-FLAIR trial.MethodsMACE rates at 1 year were compared between groups (iFR and FFR) in patients whose physiological assessment led to LAD lesions being deferred. MACE was defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), and unplanned revascularization at 1 year. Patients, and staff performing follow-up, were blinded to whether the decision was made with FFR or iFR. Outcomes were adjusted for age and sex.ResultsA total of 872 patients had lesions deferred in the LAD (421 guided by FFR, 451 guided by iFR). The event rate with iFR was significantly lower than with FFR (2.44% vs. 5.26%; adjusted HR: 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22 to 0.95; p = 0.04). This was driven by significantly lower unplanned revascularization with iFR and numerically lower MI (unplanned revascularization: 2.22% iFR vs. 4.99% FFR; adjusted HR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.93; p = 0.03; MI: 0.44% iFR vs. 2.14% FFR; adjusted HR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.05 to 1.07; p = 0.06).ConclusionsiFR-guided deferral appears to be safe for patients with LAD lesions. Patients in whom iFR-guided deferral was performed had statistically significantly lower event rates than those with FFR-guided deferral.

Background: Opponensplasty is a salvage tendon transfer procedure to restore thumb opposition function, tip and key pinch in median nerve palsy. The present work aimed to compare between two techniques of Opponensplasty (using flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tendon versusextensor indicis (EI) proprius tendon) to know which one is better in improving the thumb function. Methods: Twenty-four patients with late median nerve palsy of thumb who were admitted to the emergency unit of the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department in Zagazig University Hospitals were enrolled in this prospective comparative study, they were categorized into 2 groups (n=12 patients in each group): Group I: was operated using flexor digitorum superficialis tendon and Group II was operated using extensor indicis proprius tendon. The functional assessment of thumb was done 6 months after surgery using Kapandji scoring system. Results: We found that 25% of the cases in Group I had complications (thumb hyperflexion, wound infection and donor site morbidity) while 16.7% in Group II had complications (all had donor site morbidity%). The mean Kapandj scoring system in Group I pre & post operative respectively were 0.5±0.80 & 7.46±2.5 and in Group II 0.33±0.49 & 7±1.98.Regarding differences between pre & post in each group a statistical significance increase was found in Kapandj scoring post operative compared to pre in both groups with percent of increase 565.3% and 541.67% in Group I & II respectively with non-statistically significant difference between both groups. Conclusion: The use of opponensplasty is an effective surgical intervention to restore thumb functions among patients with median nerve palsy. The choice between FDS and EI tendon transfers were almost comparable with no upper hand of any one on the other, it should be individualized based on the patient's clinical presentation, with consideration given to the potential complications and long-term functional outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An abdominoplasty aims to treat the three primary components of an anterior abdominal wall deformity: the musculoaponeurotic layer, the skin, and the fat. The aim of the study is to decrease the incidence of complication (hematoma-seroma-infection) of lipo abdominoplasty, evaluate the effect of progressive tension suture technique in lipo abdominoplasty, and patient expectation and satisfaction. Methods: This Prospective clinical study was carried out on 30 patients at the Department of Plastic &reconstruction Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, and lasted 6 months. Results: There is a statistically significant increase in operation time among Group I compared with Group II. Also, there was a statistically significant decrease in hospital stays among Group I compared to Group II. P<0.05, there was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of complications among Group II compared with Group I P<0.05. The most frequent complication among Group II was seroma (4 cases), as well as there was a statistically significant increase in scar quality and patient satisfaction among non-complicated cases compared to complicated cases in Group II P=0.003. Conclusions: We concluded a significant increase in complication in Group II (classic group) compared with Group I (PTS group), with seroma being the most common. Unsatisfied and good scar quality was also higher in Group II and excellent quality in Group I. Drainage decreased, operation time increased, and hospital stay decreased in Group I compared with Group II. Non-complicated cases had higher BMI and scar quality, while patient satisfaction increased in Group II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Hippocampal and Cerebellar Changes in Acute Restraint Stress and the Impact of Pretreatment with Ceftriaxone." The correction states that there was an error in Figure 6D, Figure 9D, and Figure 10A of the original publication, which occurred during the labeling of the photos and plate preparation. The corrected figures have been included in the notice, and the authors assure that the scientific conclusions remain unaffected. The updated publication has been approved by the Academic Editor. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Nowadays, flap surgery is a dependable reconstructive technique. It makes it possible to heal nearly any vascularized tissue defect in the body. The present work aimed to assess the effectiveness of flap blood glucose measurement as a sensitive and reliable indicator in early detection of venous congestion. Methods: In an experimental study, twenty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to vertical rectus abdominis muscle flaps with upper pedicles, were split into two equal groups (n=13): with venous occlusion of the pedicle (Cases group) and without (Control group). Between the beginning and end of the experiment, we monitored the rats' glycemia in the caudal vein of their feet at regular intervals of ten minutes, and we measured the interstitial glucose in the flaps every ten minutes. Results: Statistically significant decrease was revealed at 0 min, 20 min, and 30 min of flap glucose level when compared with 0 min, 20 min, 30 min foot glucose level (p=0.01, p=0.005, p=0.002 respectively), and high statistically significant decrease was revealed at 10 min, 40 min, 50 min, 1-hour of flap glucose level when compared with 10 min foot glucose level (p-value < 0.001). High statistically significant decrease was found (p-value < 0.001) of mean flap glucose level (mean = 179.7 ± 54.3, range = 89.7 - 297.2) when compared with mean foot glucose level (mean = 228.1 ± 65.1, range = 114.7 - 342.1) in Cases group. Using ROC curve, it was shown that mean glucose level can be used to discriminate between flap glucose level and foot glucose level in cases group at a cutoff level of 187.2, with 69.2% sensitivity, 69.2% specificity, 69.2% PPV and 69.2% NPV (AUC = 0.7 & p-value = 0.054). Conclusions: Monitoring blood glucose levels may serve as a promising indicator for detecting venous congestion in tissue flaps, offering a non-invasive and cost-effective approach for early intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hair transplant surgery using follicular unit extraction technique (FUE) is a common surgical procedure for the treatment of prominent hair loss. This study aimed to determine the role of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) in the procedure of Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE). Patients and methods: A prospective comparative study was carried out in Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Department of Zagazig University Hospitals during the period from January 2019 to January 2020. It included 16 patients with androgenic alopecia, patients included in the study was divided into two groups according to receiving RPR or not, Group (1); eight Patients treated with FUE with PRP. Group (2); eight Patients treated with FUE without PRP. The median age and degree of medical comorbidities were comparable in the two groups. Hair density indices were compared using Trichoscope. Results: All eight patients treated with PRP showed a good hair regrowth, with prefect outcome. Of the eight patients treated without PRP, five showed a good hair regrowth, with good outcome. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that PRP treatment during the hair transplant plays a significant role in hair re-growth, and it remarkably improves density and quality of hair growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since buffalo meat, has been demonstrated to be a potential source of human infection, a careful evaluation of the prevalence of Toxoplasma infection in this meat is needed. Tissue cysts of Toxoplasma gondii are frequently found in the skeletal muscles of buffaloes. This study evaluated the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in the meat juice of buffalo meat samples via several diagnostic techniques to protect public health. Peptic digestion, histopathology, and serology were performed on meat juice from 100 buffalo meat samples from local butchers and retail beef markets. Eighteen samples (18%) were suspected of the presence of bradyzoites after digestion and were subjected to histopathology which illustrated that only six samples (6%) were suspected to be Toxoplasma tissue cysts. After that periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stain confirmed that only three samples (3%) were Toxoplasma. Finally, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) asserted that those three samples were Toxoplasma gondii. This study provides significant evidence about the risk of human exposure to Toxoplasma through the consumption of raw or undercooked buffalo meat potentially contaminated with infectious tissue cysts.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sudden cardiac arrest is a life-threatening emergency and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in Saudi Arabia. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the level of knowledge and awareness toward basic life support (BLS) among nonhealth-care professionals in Riyadh. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive survey was done using random sampling during the time period of June 2020. Data were collected using self-administered online questionnaire which was adapted from a validated questionnaire that was used previously in a similar study. The questionnaire contained three parts: (i) demographic data, (ii) questions on awareness related to BLS, and (iii) questions on the level of BLS knowledge. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 25, and Chi-square test was used to find association between the level of knowledge and demographic factors. Results and Discussion: A total of 429 respondents completed the questionnaire: 80% were females and majority were 21–30 years old (39.4%). Our results demonstrated that only 22% had previous BLS training of which 43% had good knowledge and 56% had poor knowledge about BLS. There was a significant association between the level of BLS knowledge with gender (P = 0.007), education (P = 0.006), and occupation (P = 0.049). Nearly 84.4% of the respondents were aware that their knowledge in BLS was insufficient. Conclusions: Overall, the level of knowledge and awareness among nonhealth-care professionals in Riyadh are poor. Introduction of BLS courses in the education curriculum is highly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]