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Over the past couple of decades, lymphatics research has accelerated and gained a much-needed recognition in pathophysiology. As the lymphatic system plays heavy roles in interstitial fluid drainage, immune surveillance and lipid absorption, the ablation or excessive growth of this vasculature could be associated with many complications, from lymphedema to metastasis. Despite their growing importance in cancer, few anti-lymphangiogenic therapies exist today, as they have yet to pass phase 3 clinical trials and acquire FDA approval. As such, many studies are being done to better define the signaling pathways that govern lymphangiogenesis, in hopes of developing new therapeutic approaches to inhibit or stimulate this process. This review will cover our current understanding of the Ras signaling pathways and their interactions with Prox1, the master transcriptional switch involved in specifying lymphatic endothelial cell fate and lymphangiogenesis, in hopes of providing insights to lymphangiogenesis-based therapies.

Existing strategies for hydrocarbon extraction have been designed primarily based on macroscopic properties of fluids and rocks. However, recent work on tight formations and source rocks (such as shale) revealed that the fluid properties and phase change of the hydrocarbons stored in the lower end of the pore size distribution inside the organic nanopores deviate significantly from their bulk phases in the large pores. The cause for such deviations is primarily the presence of strong fluid-wall molecular interactions in the nanopore. Organic nanopores, in source rock, store more hydrocarbons than those pores in a conventional reservoir for the same pore volume because nanopore confined hydrocarbons are more compacted and denser than the bulk phase. However, the recovery factor from these pores were reported to be considerately lower. Surfactants, introduced in the form of micelle or microemulsion, have the potential to increase the recovery. Whereas the transport behavior of micelles and their adsorption on solid walls are well-established, the role of microemulsion on the recovery of hydrocarbons under confinement remains poorly understood. In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to investigate the two-phase flow in kerogen nanopores containing oil, water, and a microemulsion droplet. A slit-shaped pore was modeled representing the organic nanopore, and a mixture of hydrocarbon was chosen to represent the oil phase. Initially, the microemulsion droplets containing nonionic surfactant dodecylhepta(oxyethylene)ether (C12E7), swollen with solvent (d-limonene), were introduced to the water phase. We showed that the droplets were dispersed under the strong molecular interactions existing in the nanopore space. Subsequently, both the solvent and the surfactant components played essential roles in displacing the oil phase. The surfactant molecules were deposited at the interface between the aqueous phase and the oil, thereby reducing the interfacial tension. The solvent molecules, originally solubilized in a microemulsion droplet, penetrated the oil film near the pore walls. Those solvent molecules were exchanged with the adsorbed oil molecules and transformed that portion of oil into free oil for enhanced recovery. In addition, we considered the Couette flow of water near the organic wall with a film of oil, and found that the oil phase, which consisted of free and adsorbed molecules, could be mobilized by the viscous force caused by the flowing water. Hence, the chemicals introduced by the water mobilized both the free oil and a portion of adsorbed oil inside the oil-wet pores. However, there existed a slip at the oil/water interface which inhibited the momentum transfer from the water phase to the oil phase. When the surfactants were present at the interface, they acted as a linker that diminished the slip at the interface, hence, allowing the momentum transfer from the water phase to the oil phase more effectively. As a result, the fractional flow of oil increased due to the presence of both the surfactant and the solvent. At the final part, we extended our study from a single channel to three-dimensional (3D) kerogen pore network, where the pore sizes were less than or equal to 7 nm. The MD results showed that the dispersed microemulsion droplets also mobilized and displaced the oil present within the kerogen pore network. The results of this work are important for our understanding of flow and displacement under confinement and its application to oil recovery from source rocks.

With environmental sustainability gaining significance, firms require green leadership to drive the adoption of eco-innovations through appropriate culture-building. This quantitative study uses upper echelons theory to analyze green innovation levels in Vietnamese small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and to assess intermediary mechanisms that transmit strategic leaders’ influence. Results of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) provide strong empirical support for the hypotheses that environmental knowledge sharing practices mediate the impact of green leadership behaviors on higher performance in green product and process innovation. Specifically, knowledge exchange through cross-functional collaborations and external partnerships explains the effect of leadership. Findings respond to calls for research on green innovation drivers in emerging markets such as Vietnam, where institutional pressures for ecological responsibility remain underdeveloped. Furthermore, identifying actionable transmission mechanisms informs policy guidelines regarding interventions necessary to nurture sustainable innovation. This study offers multi-level theoretical and practical contributions.

The edible paddy straw mushroom Volvariella volvacea (Bull. ex F.) Singer has high nutritional and medicinal values. They are grown on a wide variety of agricultural by-products using different several methods. The result of this present study showed that type of bed and cultivation condition (outdoor/indoor) had effects on the yield of paddy straw mushrooms grown on the spent oyster mushroom sawdust. The treatment of circular compact bed under indoor cultivation condition (CYIC) had the best yield and biological efficiency (B.E.) with 2,119.2 g/bed and 14.5%, respectively, followed by the treatment of conventional bed under outdoor cultivation condition (COOC) with the yield and B.E. of 1,935.5 g/bed and 13.2%, respectively, but the lowest yield and B.E. were observed in the treatment of conventional bed under indoor cultivation condition (COIC) with 1,226.1 g/bed and 8.4%, respectively. Paddy straw mushrooms cultivated on spent oyster mushroom sawdust should be proper in both outdoor and indoor conditions by conventional and circular compact methods as well. However, in indoor conditions, paddy straw mushrooms should be grown in a circular compact bed to ensure the temperature of the bed is suitable for the mushroom growth.

Advance signal processing techniques are becoming one of the essential requirements for secure and efficient communication in the future innovative world. These requirements are due to the tremendous advancement of various latest cutting‐edge technologies that are very useful for the present generation. Marketing information system visualization is essential for the services of every advanced technology established in this way to reach people. Citing this, signal processing is a significant issue in most new technological innovations and challenges in various applications. A marketing information system, or MIS, based on these processes provides a valuable marketing method that helps marketers make better decisions. In this mode of operation, the existing methods are discarded, and the new methods, such as visual images, sound waves, and seismic waves, are implemented as digital signal processes, and their benefits are used as inputs for the processing of humankind. Based on this perspective, collaborative Management Information Systems (MIS) is proposed. This process‐based bridge enables MIS professionals to benefit from their investments in personnel, equipment, and business processes. In particular, transportation challenges such as total order intensity ratio, rising fuel prices, unexpected delays in transportation, shortage of skilled workers, deplorable warehouse conditions, insufficient and over‐stressed delivery staff, etc., and how road transport is giving its full attention to these fluctuations. Research paper explains very clearly and adequately explains the impact of such explained traffic problems, such as the volume of traffic and passengers, road network, lack of rehabilitation of half of the roads, and lack of national highways. Performance analysis for MIS measures with various factors is taken, and how the process varies in them and the answers to them are clarified through this research. This research citation shows how the marketing performance of an MIS measures the best practices in this research. Through this, online marketing performance based on MIS measures can be increased through MIS analysis reports for MIS measures. Finally, the Performance of the proposed MIS‐Transport with the MIS‐hospital Industry is taken as an example and explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge management is a process of systematic and transparent creation, development and application of knowledge to maximize knowledge-related performance and business value from knowledge and available wisdom assets. Knowledge management is vitally important with business and one of the competitive advantages. The aim of the study is to find out the relationship between the knowledge management process and employees’ commitment in the digital marketing companies. Through the mix-method research, the research result pointed out that four dimensions of knowledge management process; i.e., Knowledge Acquisition, Knowledge Conversion, Knowledge Application, and Knowledge Protection, positively impact on the employee's commitment. Some managerial implications for the digital marketing businesses were proposed to improve the employee commitment based the knowledge management process.