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Abstract Analyzing scientific mapping literature activity on digital comics, animation, and digital cartoons is essential for future research and development. The objective of the current study was to assess research activity in digital comics, animation, and digital cartoons. VOSviewer and Scopus were used to perform bibliometric analysis. The research was conducted from 2013 to 2023 and found 288 documents. In 2022, most research reports on digital comics, animation, and digital cartoons were published. China is the most productive region in terms of articles, with English being the most widely used language. The most common subject area is computer science, and the most common source is the journal Lecture Notes in Computer Science. The most productive author is Dong Hao Li. Zhejiang University is the most productive institution. Future research should concentrate on a single discipline and work with Google Scholar and Web of Science data for in-depth analysis.

Geohazards are natural phenomena that endanger infrastructure, the environment, and human activity. Understanding and mitigating them is crucial for public safety, disaster preparedness, and sustainable land and resource management. This research objective is to analyze geohazard research trends globally and then compare them with countries around the Pacific Ring. Ninety-six geohazard publications were analyzed using bibliometric analysis and the VOSviewer application. The general trend of geohazard research increased slightly. It is critical in dealing with the expanding threats posed by geohazards, adapting to changing conditions, protecting vulnerable people, and leveraging technological improvements for more effective hazard management and disaster risk reduction. The Annual Offshore Technology Conference Proceedings and Engineering Geology are the most popular scholarly journals for authors to publish research on geohazard. The most popular topic area for geohazard papers is Earth and Planetary Sciences, followed by engineering, environmental science, and computer science. It is consistent with the growing use of technology in geohazard research. This study also includes an authorship profile. This research implies enhancing disaster risk reduction strategies and contributing to global efforts to address the challenges posed by geohazards.

Context: Uncontrolled practice of antibiotics leads to bacterial resistance. Therefore, investigating the possible utilization of several medicinal plant extracts is necessary. Traditionally, numerous medicinal plants have been widely utilized to treat some human diseases including Anacardium occidentale. Aims: To investigate the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract and fractions from A. occidentale as well as characterize the phytochemical profile of A. occidentale leaves associated with antibacterial capacity. Methods: The antibacterial activity was determined using minimum inhibitory concentration and time kill assay, which confirmed by streak agar plate. Phytochemical profiling of A. occidentale leaves extract and fractions were evaluated by their total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, terpenoid contents, and metabolite analysis by UHPLC-HR-ESI-MS. Results: Among the extract and all fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction had high killing efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtillis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which was confirmed by its MIC value of 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, and 0.25 mg/mL, respectively. Corresponding to its antibacterial capacity, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest of phenolic (508.89 mg GAE/g dw) and flavonoid (184 mg QE/g dw) contents. Based on HRMS investigation, the extract and fractions contain amino acids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, fatty acid amides, fatty acids, and organic acids as classes of molecules. Moreover, avicularin/quercetin-3-O-arabinofuranoside, myricitrin, and gallic acid were identified as major compounds from the active fraction. Conclusions: The ethyl acetate fraction showed the most remarkable antibacterial activity. There was a significant correlation between the antibacterial activity of active fraction and its phenolic and flavonoid contents.

This research investigates the abilities of undergraduate students to apply scientific reasoning in Indonesia, with a particular focus on the concept of force and motion. Forty-three first-year undergraduate students from an Indonesian private institution, comprising 20 males and 23 females, performed the Scientific Reasoning Test of Motion (SRTM) in five different patterns of scientific reasoning. The current research combines quantitative and qualitative analysis. The findings reveal that the SRTM is a valid and reliable instrument. While no significant gender-based differences were observed in Correlational Thinking (CT), differences emerged in Control of Variables (CV), Proportional Thinking (PPT), Probabilistic Thinking (PBT), and Hypothetical-Deductive Reasoning (HDR). These results indicate that PBT, HDR, and CT are applicable across gender groups, although students struggle with scientific reasoning. Specifically, the students had misconceptions regarding projectile motion and applying Newton’s second law in practical situations. These findings indicate the necessity for further developing students’ abilities to apply scientific reasoning.

The objects studied and the areas studied in this research are how a business can maintain sustainability and increase its business competitiveness, in this case, cooperatives in the city of Malang, as well as to grow the community's economy through the implementation of entrepreneurship-oriented strategies, the business environment towards innovation and performance strategies cooperative. The role of cooperatives in creating jobs and improving the welfare of their members with the principle that cooperatives are run "from, by, and for their members." The business world, primarily cooperatives, and small and medium enterprises, faces various challenges and must achieve Performance that will increase competitiveness and maintain business sustainability. For this reason, cooperatives must be more creative, innovative, agile, and intelligent in implementing their strategies. This research examines and analyzes the relationship between the business environment, entrepreneurial orientation, innovation, and Performance. Business in the era of information technology requires organizations to adapt to environmental changes and business competition, which is increasingly stringent, requiring cooperatives to provide products and services that are more market-oriented in order to be able to produce innovations that are in line with technological advances and market segments, so that Performance will increase.

This study aimed to analyze the development of 21st century skills in the learning of constructivism-based speaking skill at Pesantren sunan drajat Lamongan. The research method used was qualitative research with the type of explanatory case study. Data collection techniques deployed observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis techniques consisted of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicated that constructivism-based speaking skill learning could develop students' 21st century skills. The developed 21st century skills included the skills of critical thinking, creative thinking, collaboration, and communication. Critical thinking skills were reflected in the abilities to analyze materials and learning resources, to find social facts, to choose mufrodat used in socio-drama practice, and to use Arabic grammar. Creative thinking skills were reflected in the abilities to compose drama scripts, to design drama scenarios, and to utilize the media in drama practice. Collaboration skills were reflected in the abilities to cooperate in observation activities, to cooperate in composing drama scripts, and to cooperate in drama training and practice. Lastly, communication skills were reflected in the abilities to express ideas, thoughts and feelings in Arabic, to carry out dialogues in Arabic, and to pronounce Arabic words and sentences correctly and correctly.

he purpose of conducting this research is so that as a Muslim who lives in a country with various ethnicities, races and religions, he can determine the correct attitude according to Islamic law according to the Koran and al-Hadith. The researcher used a qualitative research type of library study using various relevant scientific reference sources and then documented it using a normative, philosophical approach. The results of this research are that a Muslim needs to have an attitude of religious moderation in state life without having to compromise his religious beliefs, apart from that it is clearly stated in the Koran that as a Muslim it is forbidden for him to insult the deities of other religions according to Yusuf Al-Qaradawi's thoughts.

The main objective of research is to ascertain the existing situation of STEAM education research over three decades based on the Scopus database. The entire documents are 256 findings globally data shorted by year, region, and highest cited to 100 documents. The analysis technique used VOSViewer, Microsoft Excel and word cloud generator. The result of document type articel is ranks first in Global and conference paper rank first in South East Asia. The sources that have published the top cited papers are “Journal of Small Business Management” in global and the “Education Sciences” in South East Asia. Meanwhile, the author with the most citations is Jeon M from the U.S.A. Specifically, the country with the most publications is US with 31 articles and 2553 citations. Whereas the majority of Southeast Asian countries have 9 articles and 10 citations. Supported the visualization analysis, VOSViewer's global region is divided into 4 clusters and 62 keywords to assist with the visualization analysis. A pair of clusters containing 14 keywords each for the South Asia region. The terms program, project, environment, model, and implication are frequently used in STEAM throughout the world. The keyword STEAM education appears in analyses conducted in South-East Asia. The outcome of this research can serve as a resource for scholars interested in STEAM and education. Further research into STEAM education trends can be conducted by focusing on a single region or on more specific issues.

This study is descriptive research that aims to describe students' collaborative problem solving (CPS) skills in solving mathematics problems. The subjects in this study were 6 students at grade XI consisting of 2 students with high mathematical abilities, 2 students with moderate mathematical abilities, and 2 students with low mathematical abilities. The six of them were divided into 3 groups consisting of 2 students with different mathematical abilities. The three groups were given mathematics problems to be solved collaboratively. The results of this study were analyzed using the semiotic Peirce model approach which uses a trichotomous relationship between representamen (Z), interpretant (I), and object (O) to show the CPS process that occurs. The results of the study show that students' CPS skills vary. The CPS process of high and moderate mathematical ability students is running quite well. Meanwhile, the CPS process of high and low mathematical ability students and moderate and low mathematical ability students was not as good as expected because of the little interaction or discussion between the members of the group in solving problems

This study aims to investigate mathematics teacher educators’ (MTE) knowledge in noticing preservice teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) on the hierarchical classification of the quadrilateral. A multiple case study was conducted to analyze the responses of ten MTEs in an online moderated-forum group discussion (M-FGD) from their written work on the MTE-PCK test completed prior to the M-FGD. The PCK test consisted of two tasks: the task that examines MTEs’ knowledge to predict pre-service teachers’ reason in representing the hierarchical classification of quadrilateral in Venn diagrams, and the task that examines MTEs’ knowledge in making a flowchart as a recommendation to mathematics teacher to analyze the validity of quadrilateral classification. Results show that the MTEs indicate two considerations of noticing pre-service teachers’ PCK on the quadrilateral classification: by definition and properties of quadrilaterals and by the visual appearance of quadrilaterals. Despite this, 20% of them were indicated to perform a lack of understanding of the hierarchical classification of quadrilaterals, as indicated by invalid flowcharts of validating the hierarchical classification of the quadrilateral.

This research aims to explain the effectiveness of character education through a multicultural approach to civic education in elementary schools. Where character education does not have special subjects but character education is still organized by combining into all subjects in elementary school, one of which is the subject of civic education or commonly abbreviated as PPKN. Which is expected that the younger generation in the future will continue to behave in accordance with the philosophy of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. Therefore, the next generation of young people are taught character starting from an early age, namely in education at the elementary school level. This research is carried out with a qualitative approach to case study methods. The data collection techniques used are interviews, observations and documentation. Data analysis techniques consist of data reduction, data presentation and inference. While the validity of data uses triangulation methods and time.

Indonesia is an area with three different volcanic arcs. Almost every year, there are disasters in Indonesia, particularly tsunamis. On the other side, Indonesia has SDGs 2030 focused on disaster management or risk reduction. Based on Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis, this study will look at the part that SDGs education plays in disaster readiness. To attain the research orientation, the researchers developed a tsunami education program and assessed its validity and reliability to find a suitable model. The research approach included a cross-sectional survey to gather quantitative data on the students' replies. The data are valid and expected based on the normal tests. Two of the five indicators from the model influence analysis have been verified, making the model just partially acceptable. However, it is known that only a small number of factors have an impact on other variables based on total effect, direct effect, and indirect effect analyses. Five variables were identified as not significant in the final analysis. Therefore, not all of the model's hypothetical variables can be accepted entirely. The scope of research can be expanded in the future by using more focused variables, a larger sample size, and more respondents.

Incorporating ethnoscience into lessons through the ethnoscience-students' worksheet (ESW) is one method to improve student interest in science learning while introducing them to the local culture. However, no research was reported the effects of ESW on students' responses and the factors that influence ESW implementation in science learning. In order to better understand how students learn through ESW, this study investigated the relationship between ethnoscience context, science learning, and the implementation of students' worksheets. Seventy-two students participated in the survey after they studied ethnoscience learning through ESW. Students' responses are more influenced by science learning. In addition, the ethnoscience-integrated students' worksheets (SW) variable indirectly affects students' responses. Additionally, ESW affects students' responses more significantly than science learning and ethnoscience. This research provides insightful implications for educators on planning, designing, and practicing ESW to enhance students' problem-solving motivation and academic achievement. Furthermore, to contribute significantly to future researchers, further research employed the structural equation model through covariance analysis, also known as confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sebuah produk berupa Modul Elektonik Berbasis Anchored Instruction dengan menggunakan metode penelitian Research dan Development (R&D). Metode penelitian ini di gunakan untuk menghasilkan produk dan menguji kelayakan produk tersebut.Model penelitian ini yaitu melalui : 1) penelitian dan pengumpulan data, 2) perencanaan, 3) pengembangan draf produk awal, 4) uji coba lapangan awal, 5) revisi hasil uji coba, 6) uji coba lapangan produk utama, 7) revisi produk, 8) uji kelayakan, 9) revisi produk final, 10) desiminasi dan implementasi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan angket. Produk yang telah dikembangkan telah divalidasi oleh ahli materi dan validasi ahli media. Adapun hasil penilaian validator ahli materi, kelayakan media mendapatkan 91,73 %, skor validator 111, dan skor maksimal 121. Ahli materi menyatakan bahwa Modul Elektronik Anchored Instruction yang dikembangkan “sangat valid” dan yang diperoleh dari penilaian validator ahli media, kelayakan media mendapatkan 97,11%, skor validator 101, dan skor maksimal 104. Ahli media menyatakan bahwa Modul Elektronik Anchored Instruction yang dikembangkan “sangat valid” atau Modul dapat digunakan tanpa revisi. Modul sangat layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Abstract. This study aims to produce a product in the form of Anchored Instruction-Based Electronic Module using Research and Development (R&D) research methods. This research method is used to produce products and test the feasibility of these products. The research model is through: 1) research and data collection ,2) planning, 3) development of initial product drafts, 4) initial field trials, 5) revision of test results, 6) main product field trials, 7) product revisions, 8) feasibility tests, 9) final product revisions, 10) dissemination and implementation. Data collection using a questionnaire. The product that has been developed has been validated by material experts and media expert validation. As for the results of the material expert validator assessment, the media feasibility got 91.73%, the validator score was 111, and the maximum score was 121. The material expert stated that the Anchored Instruction Electronic Module developed was "very valid" and obtained from the media expert validator assessment, the media eligibility got 97.11%, validator score 101, and maximum score 104. Media experts stated that the Electronic Anchored Instruction Module developed was “very valid” or the Module could be used without revision. So the module is very feasible to use in learning.

Cancer sufferers need Islamic spiritual guidance. Islamic spiritual guidance has received attention from religious institutions, namely the Indonesian Zakat Initiative Patient Shelter. This study aims to determine the implementation of Islamic spiritual guidance in growing self-acceptance of cancer patients. The type of this research method is using descriptive qualitative and psychological approach. Data collection techniques in this study used participant observation, unstructured interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that first, the implementation of Islamic spiritual guidance has been proven to provide solutions to the problems experienced by cancer sufferers in growing self-acceptance, in the form of: direct methods by listening and giving advice face to face, the material presented is related to belief in the help of Allah SWT, life motivation and wisdom behind illness. Second, cancer sufferers who have low self-acceptance are characterized by frequent crying, difficulty controlling their emotions, not accepting the situation they are suffering from. After receiving Islamic spiritual guidance, cancer sufferers are able to be positive about themselves, willing to accept their good and bad qualities, and have a positive attitude towards their past so that they can be said to experience growth in self-acceptance in an optimal direction.

Background: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused the government to implement social movement restrictions affecting the household economy and school closure that will lead to change in the home food environment, parental feeding practices, and the end will influence child’s eating behavior. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the parental feeding practices among young school-aged children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Eighteen informants consisting of mothers and a grandmother have participated in the online in-depth interview. Moreover, 4 fathers had also been interviewed to triangulate the data and to increase the meaningful insight. A question guideline was used to guide the in-depth interview process. Thematic analysis using an inductive approach was applied to analyze the transcripts. Results: Five themes were identified around changes in food restriction, pressure to eat, giving the explanation, child involvement, and modeling. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, parents demand their children to have good eating behavior. However, they tend to give autonomy more often to their child to get the snacks. It would make the children lead to having poor and unhealthy eating behaviors.

The magnetic field is a more complex and abstract physics subject than other physics subjects, causing students' low ability to solve problems. So there is a need for learning instruments to overcome these problems, especially when online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research creates and implements an online problem-based learning (OPBL) assisted by digital books with 3D animation to improve students' physics problem-solving skills on magnetic field subjects. Research aimed to analyze the validity, effectiveness, and student responses to the learning instruments used. The method used in this research is quantitative by using quasi-experiment and survey methods. The results showed that this learning instrument was valid and reliable to use in terms of content and constructs. According to statistical test results, this learning instrument is also effective in improving students' problem-solving skills on magnetic field subjects. Furthermore, the student's response to this learning instrument was very positive, making this learning activity more innovative and fun. Research implies that an OPBL assisted by digital books with 3D animation instruments can be a solution to improve students' physics problem-solving skills, especially during the online learning period.

Protective agent for hepatotoxicity is still a great challenge in the management of liver diseases. Aloe vera is a beneficial plant that has been studied for food supplements, cosmetic and herbal medicine. Aloe vera contains many compounds which have a role in body health including polysaccharides, phenolic, flavonoid, terpenoid, amino acid, and several minerals. There have been compelling evidences that natural phytochemicals and their derivatives have hepatoprotective activities. Information of the aloe vera and its mechanism of action for possible hepatoprotective activities, including in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies were obtained from Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google scholar search engines. This current review was focusing on the possible contribution of compounds inside aloe vera gel and the suggestion of its mechanism on protective effect, especially for liver. The complexity of monosaccharides composition, backbone structures, acetyl group, and molecular weight of aloe polysaccharides have possible correlations with its hepatoprotective effect. Most of the hepatoprotective mechanisms of aloe compounds are related to their protective effect against inflammation and oxidative stress. Several compounds may have combination effects or several targets lead to synergistic effects. Keywords: Aloe vera, food supplement, hepatoprotective, liver disease, mechanism of action.

Earthquake research has expanded over the past few decades. Also, over the past 30 years, earthquakes have become a major study because earthquakes occur every year in each region. The aims of this research is to analyze the top 100 cited articles in the earthquake field from 1991 to 2021. Research give an idea of citation, author, year, journal and country characteristics of these articles using literature review, bibliometric analysis and VOSViewer which the data from Scopus database. The research found that articles is most document type of top 100 cited papers which 2005 was the most published year for the article. The average number of citations per article was calculated as 727 citations per paper. The journal Nature is the primary source of the Nature Publishing Group, which governs the publication of the most influential earthquake studies. Kanamori is recognized as the most productive author who received the highest number of quotes and the most incredible link strength. The United States dominates the production of highly cited articles. The research areas in these papers are mainly emphasized on earthquake, states, geological, sciences, earth, and japan. Further research related to earthquakes can also be directed to the relevance of the tsunami. The results of the Scopus database show 2,098 document results [January 17, 2022] with the title “earthquake tsunami.”

The Covid-19 pandemic has a broad impact on all sectors, including the education sector. Almost all learning from elementary to tertiary level (university) which was originally face-to-face has turned into distance learning (PJJ) or online. This study aims to see the effectiveness of online learning, especially in exact subjects. For example, in learning Basic Physics which has practical aspects, there are several problems during the pandemic, such as, 1) the limitations of the face-to-face implementation of the Basic Physics practicum during the pandemic, 2) the limitations and inconsistencies of conventional modules used in practicum implementation in distance education, and 3) The use of a Content Management System (CMS) in e-lerning that has not been maximized is an obstacle that requires immediate handling. Therefore, the researcher tried to develop a practicum e-Module using the Research & Development research method with the Rowntree development model collaborated with the Tessmer evaluation model. The results obtained in the study showed an increase in student positive motivation in doing independent practicum with the help of e-modules. The resulting E-module development can be said to have met the practical criteria, shown from the recapitulation of the percentage results of the questionnaire sheet assessment at the one-to-one stage of 84.66% and and the small group stage of 78.22%. The feasibility of the e-module that has been made is also quite good, seen from the validation results by the validator on the aspects of material, media, design and accessibility, on average, it is> 80%.

Education funding is one of the central systems in education, financing is part of the support of the implementation of education because it involves the operational financing of education implementation from the smallest to the largest operational funding. This research discusses the implementation of financing management in An Nawawi 01 Berjan Purworejo MTs. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach and data collection techniques used are observation, interviews with employees of the treasurer of the madrasa and documentation related to financial records at An-Nawawi 01 MTs Berjan Purworejo. Data creatiability test is done by using triangulation, data dependability test, transfermability test and confirmability test. Data analysis techniques using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques with stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, to drawing conclusions. The results showed that the implementation of financial management in MTs An-Nawawi 01 Berjan Purworejo began with financial planning (budgeting) through the process of financial budgeting that was carried out in accordance with stages systematically. Execution / accounting (accounting) with accounting books is general cash books, invoices, cash assistance books, salary receipt books, bank supporting books and financial statements. The financial supervision process begins by making the RAPBM the standard for overseeing the implementation of supervision both internal and external.

Every adherent of a religion or belief has a certain way to get closer to God. A strong desire to be close to God the creator of nature is a spirituality that can change human behavior for the better. The meeting between Islam and Sapta Darma is a way to find inner calm which has the concept of physical and spiritual awareness. Hence this article wants to explain the form of syncretism between Islam and Sapta Darma in Surabaya in the form of prostration or ening. The prostration performed by Sapta Darma is not a prayer, but a special ritual of seeking tranquility in the experience of life as a cultural interpretation. Prostration in Islam is the implementation of prayer to get closer to Allah with the provisions taught in Islam. This study uses in-depth interview as methodology to find the stage of religious maturity from the aspect of Shari'a and the implementation of religious teachings. This Research finds that, even though the syncretism between Islam and Sapta Darma is so pronounced but, this condition encourages its followers to maintain the two because they find what they want to achieve namely, balance and spiritual well-being. It shows that Islam and Sapta Darma are not as an escape but, as a way of life. This study also aims to provide a new perspective or paradigm in understanding religious concepts and spiritual values through syncretism between Islam and Sapta Darma. Syncretic diversity has been attached to society and has become the cultural identity of its locality. Setiap penganut agama atau kepercayaan memiliki cara tertentu untuk mendekatkan diri dengan Tuhannya. Keinginan yang kuat untuk dekat dengan Tuhan pencipta alam merupakan spiritualitas yang mampu mengubah perilaku manusia menjadi lebih baik. Pertemuan antara Islam dan Sapta Darma menjadi jalan untuk menemukan ketenangan batin yang memiliki konsep kesadaran jasmani dan rohani. Artikel ini menjelaskan bentuk sinkretisme antara Islam dan Sapta Darma di Surabaya, dalam bentuk sujud atau ening. Sujud yang dilakukan Sapta Darma bukanlah pelaksanaan sholat tetapi, ritual khusus mencari ketenangan dalam pengalaman hidup sebagai interpretasi budaya. Sujud dalam Islam adalah pelaksanaan sholat untuk mendekatkan diri kepada Allah dengan ketentuan yang diajarkan dalam Islam. Studi ini menggunakan metode in-depth interview guna, menemukan tingkat kematangan dalam beragama dari aspek syariat dan implementasi ajaran agama. Temuan penelitian menunjukan, kendati sinkretisme antara Islam dan Sapta Darma begitu terasa namun, kondisi ini mendorong mereka tetap mempertahankan keduanya karena, menemukan apa yang ingin dicapai yaitu, keseimbangan dan kesejahteraan spiritualitas. Agama Islam dan Sapta Darma bukan sebagai pelarian hidup semata tetapi, paradigma baru untuk memahami konsep keberagamaan dan nilai-nilai spiritualitas umat beragama melalui sinkretisme Islam dan Sapta Darma. Keberagamaan sinkretis telah melekat pada masyarakat dan menjadi identitas budaya lokalitasnya.

Marination is one of the methods that are often used in beef processing in an attempt to obtain high quality of beef. Cashew apple extract marinade (CAM) improves the microbiological characteristics of meat by inhibiting the growth of meat bacteria. The effect of CAM on other aspects such as physical (microbiological, tenderness, cooking loss, water holding capacity and pH) and chemical (moisture, fat and protein content) characteristics of meat have not been evaluated, which would be beneficial for the utilisation of agroindustry waste in the meat industry. In this study, the effect of CAM on the physical and chemical characteristics of beef, including microbiological characteristics, tenderness, cooking loss and water holding capacity, was evaluated. CAM (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) was used during beef processing for 4 h at refrigeration temperature. Significant effects of CAM were observed on the physical and chemical characteristics of beef. CAM increased beef tenderness and reduced total bacteria, cooking loss, moisture, fat, and protein content. The optimum concentration of CAM for which significant changes were observed in the physical and chemical characteristics of beef was 20%. Thus, cashew apple can be utilised as a promising marinade agent in beef processing with the criteria of food for specific health use. This approach will help reduce cashew apple waste and is an eco-friendly approach.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan pola asuh orang tua terhadap kecerdasan emosional anak usia 11-12 tahun rt 02/ rw 06 di Desa Pecangaan Kecamatan Pecangaan Kabupaten Jepara. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain korelasional dengan teknik purposive sampling dalam pengambilan sampel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian data yang diperoleh yaitu terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara pola asuh orang tua terhadap kecerdasan emosional anak. Berdasarkan hasil analisis uji korelasi product moment variabel pola asuh dengan variabel kecerdasan emosional mendapatkan hasil sebesar 0,963. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan angka positif, nilai koefisien korelasi (r) termasuk dalam kategori sangat kuat berdasarkan pedoman interpretasi koefisien korelasi, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara pola asuh orang tua terhadap kecerdasan emosional anak.

Mengajar kosakata Di MIN II Padangsidimpuan, kosakata digunakan dalam mengajar siswa dengan cara menerjemahkan, dan mereka kurang digunakan dalam proses pengajaran. Hasil belajar siswa rendah karena metode guru mengajar yang sedikit bervariasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah metode bernyanyi dapat meningkatkan penguasaan kosakata siswa kelas V di MIN i II Padangsidimpuan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah “penelitian melalui proses mengajar di kelas” dan metode penelitiannya adalah metode deskriptif dan analitik. Jumlah siswa terdiri dari tiga puluh tujuh siswa. Alat pengumpul data adalah ujian. Analisis data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan ujian. Peneliti meneliti dengan melakukan penelitian tindakan kelas, yang berlangsung pada pra siklus, siklus pertama, dan siklus kedua. Sebelum pra siklus memperoleh nilai 37%, dan siklus pertama memperoleh nilai 62%, sampai siklus kedua 91% dari nilai.

This study aims to identify a strategic group model in the plastic packaging industry in Indonesia. The plastic packaging industry plays an important role in the manufacturing industry. With the increasing demand for a manufactured product, the plastic packaging industry is still very tempting for business people. Strategic Group is a number of business units or a number of companies that use the same strategy with the same resources. This research focuses on PT. Sinergi Inti Plastindo, Tbk a plastic packaging company in Indonesia. The company produces various types of plastic packaging for food products. This case study research method is also used to describe a strategy used by companies as a strategy to deal with competition in industrial groups. The results of the research show that the market leader holds the highest sales in 2019 using the same strategy as its competitors. The results also show that companies operating in the same industry need to develop their product types. Don't just focus on one type of product. The number of types of products produced will increase the sales of the company. In addition, the market share obtained by the company will be higher.

Expensive milk such as horse’s milk (HM) may be the target of adulteration by other milk such as goat’s milk (GM) and cow’s milk (CM). FTIR spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and multivariate calibrations of partial least square regression (PLSR) and principal component regression (PCR) was used for authentication of HM from GM and CM. Milk was directly subjected to attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectral measurement at midinfrared regions (4000-650 cm-1). Results showed that LDA could make clear discrimination between HM and HM adulterated with CM and GM without any misclassification observed. PLSR using 2nd derivative spectra at 3200-2800 and 1300-1000 cm-1 provided the best model for the relationship between actual values of GM and FTIR predicted values than PCR. At this condition, R2 values for calibration and validation models obtained were 0.9995 and 0.9612 with RMSEC and RMSEP values of 0.0093 and 0.0794. PLSR using normal FTIR spectra at 3800-3000 and 1500-1000 cm-1 offered R2 for the relationship between actual values of CM and FTIR predicted values of >0.99 in calibration and validation models with low errors of RMSEC of 0.0164 and RMSEP of 0.0336 during authentication of HM from CM. Therefore, FTIR spectroscopy in combination with LDA and PLSR is an effective method for authentication of HM from GM and CM.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketimpangan pendapatan terhadap kemiskinan di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung tahun 2009-2018. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah kemiskinan dan variabel Independen adalah ketimpangan pendapatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data times series dari tahun 2009 sampai Tahun 2018 di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Teknik Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketimpangan pendapatan berpengaruh signifikan dan negatif terhadap kemiskinan di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. This study aims to determine the effect of income inequality on poverty in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province in 2009-2018. Bangka Belitung Province is one of several provinces in Indonesia which is dealing with poverty problem. The dependent variable in this study is poverty and the independent variable is income inequality. This study uses a quantitative approach. The data used are Times Series data from 2009 to 2018 in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. Data analysis techniques in this study used simple linear regression analysis. The results showed that income inequality had a significant and negative effect on poverty in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The poverty rate shows an increasing trend and the Gini ratio shows a trend that tends to increase.

Abstract Background In dogs with protein‐losing enteropathy (PLE), data on the clinical characteristics of food‐responsive PLE (FR‐PLE) remain scarce. Objective To determine the clinical characteristics of FR‐PLE in dogs responsive to ultralow‐fat diet (ULFD) management. Animals Thirty‐three dogs diagnosed with PLE based on standard diagnostic criteria. Methods Retrospective review of medical records. Clinical findings were compared between dogs with FR‐PLE (FR‐PLE group) and those with immunosuppressant‐responsive PLE (IR‐PLE) or nonresponsive PLE (NR‐PLE) (IR/NR‐PLE group). The area under the curve (AUC) of a receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the ability of factors to differentiate the FR‐PLE and IR/NR‐PLE groups. Survival time was compared between the FR‐PLE and IR/NR‐PLE groups. Results Twenty‐three dogs responded to ULFD management and were diagnosed with FR‐PLE. The canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI) was significantly lower in the FR‐PLE group than in the IR/NR‐PLE group (P

Hadith is an authentic source of Islam after the Qur'an, which mentions other religions, one of which is religious religion. This paper is in the form of a hadith study of the religious religions which has another name, Zoroaster. The reading of the hadith text on religious studies or the Zoroaster was carried out on several traditions narrated by Bukhari and Muslim, which were then interpreted and explained according to the existence of religious religions. The hadith review of the religious religions narrated by Sahih Bukhari and Muslim Shahis states that in some religious hadiths mentioned, the interaction of Islam with the religion of the majesty is quite good and Islam itself is not hostile to the people or Majus. For some scholars categorize religious majors as Ahl al-Kitab.

Abstract Background Metabolomic analysis using blood samples has been suggested to be useful for the early detection of cancer. Among metabolites, plasma‐free amino acid (PFAA) profiles are potential diagnostic biomarkers for several diseases including cancer. However, the relationship between PFAA concentrations and liver tumors in dogs remains unknown. Objective To determine the characteristics of PFAA profiles of dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and correlated clinical features. Animals Thirty‐four client‐owned dogs diagnosed with HCC (n = 26) and benign liver diseases (n = 8) and 11 age‐matched healthy dogs. Methods Prospective study using heparinized blood samples from fasted dogs. Plasma was deproteinized, and the concentrations of 21 amino acids were measured using an automated high‐performance liquid chromatography amino acid analyzer. Results Plasma glutamic acid concentrations were significantly different among groups (P

The objective of this paper is to assess government reputation management performance by lev-eraging Big Data technology, internet, and public relations capacity, in particular creating credible information for the public. The research used a case study methodology on Indonesi-aBaik.id management for the period between 13th September to 13th October, 2017. The focus of the research was on the degree to which big data processing influenced communication, pub-lic persuasion, and content. Research techniques used to collect data including in-depth inter-views, observation, and literature review through elated techniques. Research findings indicate that effective Big Data processing is underpinned by quality data analysis and creative content development skills. This research contributes to knowledge on the application of online reputa-tion management processes for public relations officials and general readers based on the four steps of management process by Cutlip as applied to reputation management analysis using Big Data technology effectiveness. Based on the result of the research the government reputation management practice should also followed by higher competence of the public relation officials especially on the skill of reputation management process and public persuasion skill, thus, the process of creating credible information can be done adequately.

The emergence of instant products has a major impact on people's perspectives and behavior. Many people do not want to be difficult in owning a house, so PT Karya Cipta Sakinah uses this great opportunity to build a medium-sized business that is engaged in the developer. The business that was carried out began with the use of own capital which is now expanding into a larger business aimed at supporting the government's "Million Houses" program. The sharia marketing strategy implemented by PT Karya Cipta Sakinah which prioritizes sharia elements brings a lot of blessings, this has a big impact on the increase in consumer response and blessed profit. PT Karya Cipta Sakinah initially used promotional strategies through print media which were considered less effective. And now increasingly expanding its wings by using a Facebook account as an accurate means of proper promotion to facilitate the delivery of business product information to the wider community. In this case the researcher uses the research method "Qualitative Descriptive Analysis" with data collection techniques "observation, interviews and documentation"

During their storage, the traditional ready-to-eat food, such as sticky rice cake, are easily contaminated by spoilage pathogens. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the effect of Citrus hystrix extract in reducing spoilage pathogens in sticky rice cake during storage. The experimental sticky rice cake was prepared and formulated with Citrus hystrix extract at varied level of concentrations of 0.65%, 1.26% and 1.82% (w/w). Treated samples were stored at room temperature for 28 days and evaluated periodically for their microbial activity (total plate count), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and sensory analysis. For its antifungal activity, the Citrus hystrix extract was also compared against Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus nidulans prior to formulation. Results exhibited a significant advantage of the added extracts to the sticky rice cake. All extract levels effectively eliminated the spoilage microorganism and significantly lowered the TBARS values. The physico-chemical properties of sticky rice cake including pH, water activity, and moisture content were equal among all the formulated samples and slightly different at 1.82% (w/w) extract level. Moreover, the addition of Citrus hystrix extract up to 1.82% did not affect the acceptability sensory attributes of the sticky rice cake as compared to the control which has no Citrus hystrix extracts (p > 0.05).

Abstrak Memilih pemasok yang tepat atau vendor diantara pemasok yang ada adalah isu penting bagi top manajemen. Proses penentuan vendor pada PT. Gema Graha Sarana dilakukan secara manual, yang diawali dengan pengumpulan informasi melalui presentasi dari setiap calon vendor. Setelah itu dilakukan rapat pimpinan untuk membahas tentang kelebihan dan kekurangan masing-masing vendor. Rapat pimpinan perusahaan menggunakan sistem votting sehingga cara tersebut dinilai masih kurang objektif dan tidak menutup kemungkinan penilaian dilakukan secara subjektif. Saat ini sudah berkembang pesat teknologi dalam segala bidang salah satunya teknologi dalam penentuan pengambilan keputusan, oleh karena itu untuk membantu dalam pemecahan masalah tersebut perlu dilakukan sebuah pendekatan dengan menggunakan sebuah metode sistem pendukung keputusan salah satu nya dengan menggunakan metode Profile Matching dengan tahapan yaitu menentukan kriteria, perhitungan pemetaan gap, melakukan pembobotan, perhitungan core factor dan secondary factor, perhitungan nilai total, dan perhitungan untuk menentukan perangkingan.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan vendor yang cocok agar mampu menyediakan layanan jasa maintenance server dan jaringan sesuai kebutuhan. Sehingga dari tahapan-tahapan tersebut diperoleh sebuah hasil keputusan untuk memilih vendor yang akan diajak kerja sama dalam melakukan pekerjaan maintenance server dan jaringan dengan memilih PT. Nusa Network Prakarsa. Kata Kunci: Pemilihan Vendor, Profile Matching, Sistem Pendukung Keputusan. Abstract Selecting the right supplier or vendor among existing suppliers is an important issue for top management. The process of determining vendor at PT. GemaGrahaSarana, Tbk is done manually, which begins with the collection of information through the presentation of each potential vendor. After that conducted a leadership meeting to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each vendor. Company leadership meeting using the voting system so that way is considered still less objective and did not rule out the assessment is done subjectively. Nowadays, technology has been developed in all fields, one of them is technology in determining decision making, therefore to assist in solving the problem it is necessary to do an approach by using a method of decision support system of one of them by using method matching profile with stages that is Determining Criteria , Gap Mapping Calculation, Weighting, Calculation of Core Factor and Secondary Factor, Total Value Period, and Calculation for Determining Ranking. The purpose of this research is to determine the suitable vendors to be able to provide server and network maintenance services as needed. So from these stages obtained a decision to select a vendor who will be invited to work together in doing maintenance work server and network by choosing PT. Nusa Network Prakarsa. Keywords: Vendor Selection, Profile Matching, Decision Support System.

Quality education is able to produce a generation that is competitive in accordance with the times. One of many aspects determining the quality of education is the level of teacher professionalism in delivering subject matter, especially mathematics material which is known to be difficult and makes students bored in the learning process. This study uses a classroom action research method with the research subjects of the fifth grade students of MIS Tarbiyatul Mubtadiin Labruk Lor Lumajang, with 31 students, researchers and teachers. The data collection technique used is triangulation. The results showed that the fifth grade mathematics educator (teacher) of MIS Tarbiyatul Mubtadiin Labruk Lor Lumajang used a problem-based instruction model to increase student activity and learning outcomes in mathematics subjects.

In the 21st century era, the implementation of technology in the form of common digital media and resources has been applied by teachers in language teaching and learning process. One of the digital media broadly used in teaching is video. It provides many advantages to promoteand improve students' speaking skill. This study aims to investigate the teacher's beliefs and the practices of using video in teaching speaking at the Ten Grade of SMA As-Salam Surakarta. A qualitative method was employed as the design of this study. An English teacher voluntarily involved as the participant. The data were collected through in depth-interview. The findings were categorized into three majors: 1) Teacher's belief in teaching speaking using video; 2) The reflection of those beliefs in classroom practices; 3) Factors shaping the teacher's beliefs and the practices. The result showed that there is no discrepancy between the teacher's beliefs and teaching practices. This study has a contribution to the development of English foreign language teaching. Hence, it is suggested that the English teacher should highlight their beliefs in order to create effective teaching practices.

This article attempts to describe the process of Islamic counseling with scaling question technique in order to reduce patient's anxiety. The method used is qualitative descriptive, while the determination of the subjects is chosen with the purposive sampling. The results of the study show the practice of scaling question technique with the following sequence of processes: (1) rapport, (2) asking for complaints during hospitalization, (3) asking the patient to take a comfortable position with his eyes closed then feel what the burden of his mind , (4) asking the patient to tell what he is feeling when his eyes are closed, (5) asking the level/problem level between 0 - 10, (6) dialogue plus exposing the wisdom or risk until the patient raises the insight or gets enlightenment, (7) reinforced with the verses of the Qur'an or hadith, (8) asking the level/problem level between 0-10 back, (9) farewell

The main objective of research is to ascertain the existing situation of STEAM education research over three decades based on the Scopus database. The entire documents are 256 findings globally data shorted by year, region, and highest cited to 100 documents. The analysis technique used VOSViewer, Microsoft Excel and word cloud generator. The result of document type article is ranks first in Global and conference paper rank first in South East Asia. The sources that have published the top cited papers are "Journal of Small Business Management" in global and the "Education Sciences" in South East Asia. Meanwhile, the author with the most citations is Jeon M from the U.S.A. Specifically, the country with the most publications is US with 31 articles and 2553 citations. Whereas the majority of Southeast Asian countries have 9 articles and 10 citations. Supported the visualization analysis, VOSViewer's global region is divided into 4 clusters and 62 keywords to assist with the visualization analysis. A pair of clusters containing 14 keywords each for the South Asia region. The terms program, project, environment, model, and implication are frequently used in STEAM throughout the world. The keyword STEAM education appears in analyses conducted in South-East Asia. The outcome of this research can serve as a resource for scholars interested in STEAM and education. Further research into STEAM education trends can be conducted by focusing on a single region or on more specific issues.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mesndeskripsikan kesalahan penggunaan pilihan kata, bentukan kata, dan struktur kalimat dalam teks terjemahan mahasiswa Jurusan Sastra Indonesia Fakultas Sastra UM 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa banyak melakukan kesalahan pada penggunaan pilihan kata aspek ketidaksesuaian, penggunaan bentukan kata, dan struktur kalimat. Temuan tersebut membuktikan bahwa mahasiswa kurang memerhatikan penggunaan tata bahasa dalam menerjemahkan teks dari BSu menuju BSa (bahasa Inggris-bahasa Indonesia)

The curriculum is everything that has been designated school for students in the school. The curriculum includes educational objectives, content and methods. The curriculum as a whole system has components that are interrelated between one and other, namely: objectives, content or material, methods, organization and evaluation. Islamic education curriculum development must consider values of Divine contained in the Qur’an and Sunnah besides that it should consider the development of human resources in order to have the ability to control and utilization and development in the field of science and technology. As well considering the technology available and can be used as a medium of learning.

Indonesian state is constituted of various races and cultures which reflect plural societies and create culture, art, and different customs as informal education of the society. Multicultural society is a society that acknowledges plurality as the matter of Indonesian nation. This kind of society can be easily found at Teluk Panji II village characterized as one of transmigration areas. Inter-cultural harmony is also depicted through marital system with different cultural background. For example, multicultural society will contribute to create equal position of different cultures. Multicultural society is relatively new term which is introduced by Canadian State around 1970s. This furthermore produces cultural fusion which bounds the relationship of plural society into multicultural one adhering to different kinship system. In sum, the law of inheritance implemented differs with those applied among families concluded through endogamy marriage.

The concept of educational philosophy is one of the theories in solving various problems that exist in the world of education because education requires a philosophy to solve existing problems in the world of education whether it concerns the problems that are limited by experience, as well as the facts of education that exist at this time. The implications of Islamic education philosophy on Islamic religious education is to determine the concept of education that is suitable in its application in educational wisdom therefore the Islamic education curriculum is a tool to achieve a success desired by an educational institution, the curriculum is very important for education because in covering the objectives, content, strategies or methods of learning of Islamic religious education and its evaluation. The development of an Islamic education curriculum is an unfinished activity. Must be done continuously and continuously both in aspect of planning, implementation and evaluation based on Islamic values.

Formulation and in vitro study of propranolol hydrochloride controlled release from carboxymethyl chitosan-based matrix tablets have been conducted. Formulations with various concentrations of carboxymethyl chitosan 2% (F1), 4% (F2), 6% (F3) were done by wet granulation method. Compatibility test was conducted by XRD and FTIR spectroscopy to determine interaction between propranolol hydrochloride and polymer excipients. Dissolution profiles was obtained through in vitro tests release using simulated gastric fluid (without enzymes, pH 1.2) for the first 2 h and followed by simulated intestinal fluid (phosphate buffer solution without enzyme, pH 7.2) for 2 h remaining. The dissolution profile of each formulation was fitted with five kinetics modeling of drug release (zero order, first order, Higuchi, Peppas-Korsmeyer, and Hixson-Crowell). The compatibility test results showed that formulation caused physical interactions between propranolol hydrochloride and polymer excipient but doesn't make crystallinity nature of propranolol hydrochloride disturbed even after formulation. Dissolution profiles of each formulation showed that controlled release of propranolol hydrochloride from the tablet followed Peppas-Korsmeyer model. It is concluded that carboxymethyl chitosan in appropriate proportions is suitable for formulating propranolol hydrochloride controlled release tablets which exhibit Peppas-Korsmeyer release kinetics.

Pembelajaran yang berpusat pada guru, menjadikan siswa hanya menerima konsep jadi dari guru. Akibatnya, siswa hanya menghafal tanpa memahami konsep tersebut, sehingga siswa mudah lupa. Inquiry Based Learningdan media gambar menjadi alternatif pembelajaran student centered yang akan diuji cobakan dalam penelitian ini, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar dan keefektifannya dibanding metode ceramah.Penelitian ini menggunakan desain True Experimental Pretest-Posttes Control Group dengan objek penelitian siswa kelas XI IPS MAN 1 Semarang. Kelas XI IPS 3 ditetapkan sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas XI IPS 1 sebagai kelas kontrol. Data diambil melalui dokumentasi, observasi dan tes. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan paired sample t test pada H1dan independent t test pada H2.Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa kelas eksperimen yang diajar menggunakan pembelajaran Inquiry Based Learning dan media gambar meningkat dari rata-rata 38,69 menjadi 78,45. Kefektifan pembelajaran Inquiry Based Learning dan media gambar dibuktikan dengan capaian ketuntasan hasil belajar kelas eksperimen yang mencapai 79,3% yang artinya mampu melebihi target ketuntasan yang diharapkan sekolah, sekaligus nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen yang jauh lebih tinggi yaitu 78,45 sedangkan rata-rata kelas kontrol sebesar 70,37.Kesimpulanya terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar pada kelas eksperimen, dan peningkatan tersebut menunjukkan angka lebih tinggi dibandingkan capaian minimal yang diharapkan sekolah dan kelas kontrol sehingga disimpulkan metode Inquiry dan media gambar mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar dan lebih efektif dibandingkan metode konvensional berupa ceramah. Saran dari penelitian ini diharapkan guru dapat menerapkan metode Inquiry Based Learning dan media gambar sebagai upaya mengatasi kejenuhan pembelajaran dikelas. Teacher centered learning, make the students only accepted the instant concept from teacher. Finally, students to be memoried only without understanding this concept, so student are easily forget. Inquiry Based Learning and images media is the alternatives student centered that will be tested in this study, with the aim to determine the improvement of learning outcomes and effectiveness than the konventional method.This study uses a design True Experimental Pretest-Posttes Control Group. The objects study are students of class XI IPS MAN 1 Semarang. Class XI IPS 3 is defined as an experimental class and class XI IPS 1 as the control class. Data gained through documentation, observation and tests. Testing hypothesis use a paired sample t test at the H1 and independent t test at H2.The result of the study is experiment class with Inquiry Based Learning and images media is increase average the achivement from 38,69 to 78,45. The reason of Effectiveness Inquiry Based Learning and images is the completeness result performance of experiment class isr 79,3%, the meaning it higher than performance school targeting, all at once the average experiment class higher than control class which average result experiment class is 78,45 and average result control class is 70,37.In conclusion, there is an increase in learning outcomes in the experimental class, which indicates the number is higher than performance schol targeting and control class, so that concluded Inquiry methods and imagesmediais can increase achivement and more effective than a convensional methode. Suggestions from this study teacherare expected can apply the method Inquiry Based Learning and images media in as the efort to overcome boredom learning in class.

Pigmen flavonoid dari daun tanaman Andong (Cordyline fruticosa L.) telah dihasilkan secara sederhana dengan merendamnya pada larutan 20 ml HCl 1,5 M. Massa daun dijadikan sebagai variabel bebas penelitian dimana 1 gram hingga 6 gram daun direndam pada larutan kemudian dianalisis absorbansinya. Absorbansi pigmen di dalam penelitian ini diukur menggunakan spektrometer UV-VIS. Pigmen yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini berwarna merah. Pigmen yang dihasilkan pada penelitian ini mengabsorb cahaya dengan optimum pada daerah tampak 400-700 nm. Absorbansi maksimum yang dihasilkan oleh tamanan Andong berada pada spektrum tampak adalah 500 nm, sehingga pigmen yang dihasilkan merupakan jenis pigmen flavonoid. Absorbansi pigmen yang tinggi pada spectrum tampak saat dipicu oleh sumber energi dari luar, memberikan harapan pigmen tanaman Andong sebagai bahan absorben yang baik. Berdasarkan kurva absorbansi yang diperoleh, spektrum absorbansi semakin melebar dengan pengaruh massa sehingga baik digunakan sebagai bahan absorben seperti dye pada solar sel berbasis sensitasi (Dye Sensitized Solar Cell).

Bambu telah digunakan sebagai penguat pada kayu lapis karena kuat tekan dan kuat lenturnya yang tinggi. Sifat mekanik kayu lapis dipengaruhi oleh jumlah variasi lapisan pengisi. Kayu lapis dengan variasi lapisan pengisi 4 lapis, 5 lapis, 6 lapis, 7 lapis, 8 lapis, dan 9 lapis menjadi fokus yang dikaji. Pembuatan kayu lapis dilakukan dengan perekatan dimana face dari kayu lapis berasal dari vinir kayu sengon sedangkan lapisan pengisi berasal dari iratan bambu apus. Pengujian multiplek dilakukan dengan menempatkan alat penekan Universal Testing Machine (UTM) tegak lurus dengan vinir kayu sengon bagian atas. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa kuat tekan tertinggi dan terendah dimiliki oleh kayu lapis dengan variasi lapisan pengisi sebanyak 9 dan 5 lapis sedangkan kuat lentur tertinggi dan terendah dimiliki oleh kayu lapis dengan variasi lapisan pengisi sebanyak 4 dan 5 lapis. Informasi sifat mekanik yang diberikan oleh kayu lapis dengan lapisan pengisi sebanyak 5 lapis menunjukkan penyimpangan tetapi secara garis besar menunjukkan bahwa semakin banyak komposisi iratan bambu maka kekuatan tekan akan semakin bertambah sedangkan kekuatan lenturnya akan semakin berkurang.