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This review is started from April 2002 in Gorgan River and continued for one year. Three sampling stations along the river to the mouth of the estuary were 4000 meters away from the bridge to the village Charqly all samples were collected in this area. Four million sturgeon larvae with average weight of 3/2 grams were obtained from martyr Marjani and Vushmgir Dam farms. Over 40 days released at release stations, and 316 million bony fish fingerlings are being release that 282 million were whitefish, 25 million carp and 9 million bream from Vushmgir Dam and Syjval Bream Center within two months at the release stations in Gorgan River. At sampling stations, especially estuaries to determine the shelf life of fry in the river and to determining migration into the river as well as physical - chemical and assess the frequency and biomass of feeding materials (phytoplankton, zooplankton, and benthos) at the sampling stations in Gorgan River were studied. The entire estuary to the sea makes itself. Maximum migration happened at sunset. Average Debbi for 20-year was at the rate of 14.95 cubic meters per second. In 2002, the annual average was 20.8 cubic meters per second, respectively. Evaluation of abundance and biomass of feeding materials (phytoplankton, zooplankton, and benthos) indicates the status of the average biomass of phytoplankton in the river at the release station was 23/75 mg per liter that was highest in September and was lowest in December. Mean primary production based on a 145 mg chlorophyll cubic meters. 6 orders of benthic invertebrates were observed. Benthic including 9 families and 11 genera have been identified including groups of insects, worms, low-tar and Polychaetes, crustaceans, bivalve and gastropod. But at the release station (S2) the highest levels of benthic biomass (18/18 grams per square meter) degree of diversity of benthic organisms (12) species have largely been seen as a maximum in April and minimum in December. Also zooplankton condition, zooplankton total of 27 genera belonging to five categories, Rotatoria, Kladvsra, Coupe Pvda, Balanvs, and protozoa were identified. In general, in September zooplankton has the greatest diversity and abundance and in September and March, the lowest number is observed. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

This project has done with the collaboration of Bnyad mostazafan (Ran agriculture and livestock Co.) with goal of increasing efficiency of warm water fishes( Chinese Carps) production. The fish were purchased from China (B. G.) in two parts in Jun 2014. The fish then transferred and quarantined to the ponds in Aghili’s farm In Azadshar using container trucks. The biological parameters of fish such as growth rate were measured during the experiment. The growth rate were obtained 9, 16, 16 and 14% for common carp, big head, silver carp and grass carp, respectively. The result shows that production of experimental ponds (ponds 2 and 4) were obtained 3473 kg/ha while the control ponds produced 2700kg/ha 1n 1393. In general the production were increased 31% when comparing with average of local production and raised 26% when comparing with average production of the entire country in 1393. In this study showed that by importing the F1 generation of Chinese carp, it can expected that production will be increased to 1.5 times of current carrying capacity as long as using aeration system and appropriate management. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

This project has done with the collaboration of Bnyad mostazafan (Ran agriculture and livestock Co.) with goal of increasing efficiency of warm water fishes (Chinese Carps) production. The fish were purchased from China (B. G.) in two parts in Jun 2014. The fish then transferred and quarantined to the ponds in Aghili’s farm In Azadshar using container trucks. The biological parameters of fish such as growth rate were measured during the experiment. The growth rate were obtained 9, 16, 16 and 14% for common carp, big head, silver carp and grass carp, respectively. The result shows that production of experimental ponds (ponds 2 and 4) were obtained 3473 kg/ha while the control ponds produced 2700kg/ha 1n 1393. In general the production were increased 31% when comparing with average of local production and raised 26% when comparing with average production of the entire country in 1393. In this study showed that by importing the F1 generation of Chinese carp, it can expected that production will be increased to 1.5 times of current carrying capacity as long as using aeration system and appropriate management.

In this study, mono culture of Cyprinus carpio in fresh water and brackish water with 3500 specimens per hectare with 3 replication each carriedout from midel April to end the October 2010 and mide april to end the October 2011 recptively. Juline fish with 40 gr weight takeup from the sade voshmgir and after prepara tion of rearing ponds were introduced to pond according to appropriate and caluclate stocking density. Juline were fed by concentracted food(GFC). Feeding calculation based on percentage of body weight varied from 5 to 10 % of body weight. In fresh water Average weight and lenghth were in the stage time stocking 40 gr 14.68 cm and at the end of cultuivation period were 704.26 gr and 37.04 cm respectively. Inorder to comparecultivation of Cyprinus carpio in freshwater with breackish water another stocking 350 specimens per hactar with 3 replications also tookplace in this study. Junlin fish with average weight of 40gr and average length of 14.12cm were introduced to the ponds. At the end of rearing period average final weight was 700.26 with average length of 38.86cm.mean daily growth in fresh water treatment was 3.39. in brackish water replication the average daily . average condition factor in fresh water was 2.41. The average value CF in breackishwater was 1.39. in this research was survival rate in the fresh water and breackish water were more 77%.

In this study, nine years old farmed broodstocks of striped grey mullet have been induced artificially by hormones. Eight experiments of artificial propagation carried out during three months (from October to February) in 2003. The hormones used for males were HCG and 17-α-Methyltestosterone and to induce females the hormones such as LHRH-α2, HCG and CPH were used. During these experiments, 27 females injected which 22 of them spawned along with larval production. Water temperature and salinity were 20-23°c and 32 ppt during artificial propagation respectively. For larval culture, two different experiments carried out which final larval density in tanks, water temperature and salinity were 20 in/liter, 22-24°c and 32-33 ppt respectively. Larvae fed with live foods such as Nannochloropsis oculata , Brachionus plicatilis, Artemia nauplii with density of 500000 cell/ml, 20 ind/ml and 3-200 ind/liter respectively. Water exchange in larval culture tanks during first week was 10 percent of tank volume, and this amount in the second and next weeks were higher which have been 2030 and 40-50 percent of tank volume respectively. At the first experiment of larval culture, the tanks with maximum depth of 80 cm used that whole larvae died after 12 days post hatching; whereas at the next trial, three numbers of 4000 liters fiberglass black color tanks with maximum depth of 120 cm used which tend to the survival rate of 0.9 percent after 55 days post hatching.

Striped grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) is a marine fish with high commercial value and widespread distribution. The grey mullet and some other mullets can be found in saltwater, brackish and fershwater habitats at tropical, subtropical and also temporal climates.This species is suitable for aquaculture worldwide due to living in wide ranges of water temperatures and salinities, acceptable growth rate, suitable food conversion ratio, marketability, suitable species for polyculture with shrimps, marine fish and even with freshwater carps. The grey mullet is farming in different countries such as Italy, Northern Africa countries ( Egypt), occupied Palestine, India, Pakistan, Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Vietnam, Indonesia, coastal countries of southern pacific ocean and Hawaii. Ten thousands of fries of this species (average weight and length of 280 mg and 28.3 mm respectively) imported in March 2008 from Egypt. The wild fries colleted from surrounding natural waters of Alexandria. After finishing the quarantine steps, they stocked in four earthern ponds (each with 2500 m2) located at the Gomishan shrimp educational centre at late march in 2008. At the first year of culture the densities were 5000 and 10000 individuals per hectar and each treatment with two replicates. At second years densities changed with 2000 and 2500 ind./hec. and each of traetments divided fishes with average primary weights of 80 and 115 grames. The fries and fish feeding begins in April when the water temperature rise above 18 °C and it cut in fall when the temperature goes under 20°C. They fed twice a day at 8 AM and 2 PM and the amount was 5-7 percents of the fish existent biomass in each ponds. They fed with dry formulated feed made of Mahdaneh Karadj Company (Danso dry feed) both the first and second years of farming. The feed prepared for carps feeding and containded 23±2 % crude protein, 10 ±2 % crude lipid, about 7 % crude fiber, 15 % ash, 40 ±2% carbohydrates and with energy content of 4000±200 kcal/kg. After seven months culture period the average weight and length of fish in treatment 5000 ind./hec. were 113.7 gr and 21.1 cm respectively and in treatment 10000 ind./hec. the average weight and length were 86.6 gr and 19.6 cm respectively. At first year the average survival rate in different treatments was 77 percent. The average FCR in treatments 5000 and 10000 ind./hec. were 3.4 and 3.9 respectively. At second years after six months culture the average weights in pond no. 9 (with primary weight 115 gr and density 2000 ind./hec) , pond no. 10 (with primary weight 80 gr and density 2000 ind./hec) , pond no. 11 (with primary weight 115 gr and density 2500 ind./hec) and pond no. 12 (with primary weight 80 gr and density 2500 ind./hec) calculated as 476.6 ,338.1, 366.5 and 440 gr respectively. The average survival rate and FCR were 93 % and 3.1 respectively. Ponds no. 9 and 11 (fish stocked with primary weight 115 gr in densities both 2000 and 2500 ind./hec) selected as the best economic efficient treatments. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

The grey mullet fingerling were imported to Iran in 1997 from Hong Kong and in coastal fish pond of north part of Iran were successfully cultured in order to obtain broodstocks and induce artificial reproduction. Seasonal changes in serum concentrations of Testosterone, 17-β Estradiole (E2), 17-α Hydroxy Progesterone and also the level of calcium, Triglyceride and cholesterol in females grey mullet in captivity were measured by Radioimmunoassay or colorimetry, respectively. Investigating of sex steroids in different sexual maturity indicated that increasing of oocyte diameter and sexual maturity development serum testosterone was increased significantly (P0.05). These results suggest that the seasonal changes in serum lipids and gonadal steroids were associated with reproductive development. The data also support the hypothesis that the shortening photoperiod is a major factor in stimulating reproductive activity in striped mullet. Article includes abstract in Farsi on last page.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary oligofructose (1, 2 and 3%) on blood profiles of beluga Huso huso juveniles (18.77±0.76g). After 7 weeks feeding on experimental diets hematological parameters, metabolic products (cholesterol, glucose and total protein) and serum enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) were measured. Compared to the control group (0% oligfructose), oligofructose had no effects on red blood cell counts (RBC), mean corposcular volume (MCV), mean cellular hemoglobin concentration (MCH) or mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (P>0.05). However, hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and leucocyte counts (WBC) were significantly higher in fish fed 2% oligofructose (P0.05). These results indicate an immunomodulatory effect and the potential to reduce serum cholesterol levels in beluga sturgeon.

Concentrations of four heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Zn, and Pb) in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were assessed in winter, spring and summer seasons of the years 2008. Four coastal areas in the west and east, Gomishan Marsh and Gorgan Bay including 11 sites were sampled. After biometrical measurements of the fish, specimens of muscle (104) and liver (36) tissues were immediately frozen and transferred to laboratory for assessment of heavy metal concentration. Dry ash method and atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) of Perkin Almer (400 model, German) were used to assess metals concentration. In the process, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey-test were implemented. Heavy metals concentration in kidney tissue was higher than muscle tissue. In carp muscle tissue, level of zinc was highest and the next categories were those of lead, cadmium and chromium, respectively. A significant difference was observed between chromium concentrations in muscle tissue of Cyprinus carpio with sex (P

The probiotic effects of inactive yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus was studied on growth performance, survival and intestinal microbiota of beluga juveniles (Huso huso). The study was done in complete randomize design that included feeding of beluga juveniles with diets supplemented with 0 (control), 1, 2 and 5% yeast (4 treatments with 3 replicates). Beluga juveniles (11.40±0.56g) were randomly allocated in 12 oval tanks at a density of 35 fish per tank and triplicate group were fed with experimental diets. At the end of the trial, growth factors (final weight, weight gain, SGR, CF) as well as feed conversion ratio (FCR), body composition (protein, lipid, ash, moisture) and intestinal microbiota (total viable bacteria and Lactobacillus spp. levels) were determined. Our results confirmed that juveniles fed on diet supplemented with 5% S. cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus had significantly higher final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and lower food conversion ratio compared to control and 1% treatment (P0.05). The study of body composition showed no significant difference between treatments (P>0.05). Total viable bacteria and Lactobacillus spp. count were significantly higher in 5% treatment compared to control (P0.05).

Project was carried out at the Gomishan Centre for training and education which is located 15 km far from Gomishan City in the Golestan Province. Prebroodstocks were chosen from ponds (stocking density: 3/m^2). 860 male and 890 female broodstocks were separated and transferred into greenhouse (400 m^2). The average growth rate per day was 0.3 g and survival rate was 90%. After reaching 42 g in males and 52 g in females they were ready for Eyes stalk Brood stocks were transferred into propagation hall in June and after a week females gone under Eyes stalk. 10,890,000 eggs were yielded from 50 females and consequently 7, 187, 0.50 nauplius were produced. Each broodstock spawned 1.34 Times. The maximum hatching was 75% that in was average 64.2%. Mass of Cetocerous Algae was mass produced to be fed for post larvae. Finally 35,000 PL15 were yielded. PL15 were transferred into two half hectare and one 1 ha ponds in July. The stocking density was 18 PL/m^2. Biometric parameters together with air and water temperatures, and pH were recorded daily. Results indicate that the maximum survival rate was 58% (pond No. 5) and minimum was 52% (pond No. 17). The average weight after 101 days cultivating was 23 g which is appropriate. Also the average daily growth rate was 0.2g and the FCR was 1.

Anaesthetic effects of essence, water and water-alcohol extractions of clove oil were studied in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) and Penaeus semisulcatus under various water quality conditions consisting of water temperature, pH and salinity. The obtained results showed that both water and water alcohol extractions had no anaesthetic effect at concentration upto 2000 mg/L whilst, essence could aet as a suitable anaesthesia at >50 mg/L. The most suitable anaesthic effect by essence in rainbow trout was 250 mg/L provided at 5 C and pH 7. Also, clove oil essence showed the best anaesthetic effect in carp under water quality conditions consiting of water temperature at 25 C and pH 7-8 or water temperature at 30 C and pH 9. In addition, clove oil essence at 75 mg/l and 12 mg/L gave the best anaesthetic and sedation effects in Persian sturgeon provided at 21-23 C and pH 8.3, respectively. Furthermore, clove oil essence at concentrations above 50 mg/L was able to act as an anaesthesia in P. semisulcatus. However, the best anaesthetic concentration was depended on water quality conditions consiting of water temperature, pH and salinity. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

The effects of creosote on stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) juveniles each weighing 3.6 ±1 grams was evaluated. Acute toxicity test was undertaken in static water quality at 22 degree C plus or minus 1 according to the OECD method at the Caspian Sea Ecology Institute in 2005. The effect was assessed based on the results of the acute toxicity test. For the test, the hematological and biochemical properties of one control and five experimental groups of the fish juveniles what were exposed to creosote were compared. The acute toxicity test lasting 96 h was performed in fully static water condition with aeration.

Feeding habits of different genera of 354 sturgeon specimens (Acipenser persicus, Acipenser nudiventris, Acipenser stellatus) were compared over the years 1999-2000 caught in the coastal waters less than 20 meters deep of Mazandaran and Golestan provinces, southern Caspian Sea. The caught specimens ranged 30-18cm in length. Overall, 16 families of food items were identified in the digestive system of the sturgeon specimens, of which 11 belonged to macro-benthos. The sturgeon fishes preyed on food items composed of Annelids 50.8%, Amphipoda 41.5%, small fish 4.8%, Decapoda 2% and Bivalvia 0.9%. Fish specimens shorter than 40 cm were mostly found feeding on shrimps, polychaets and gamarids. The 41-80cm length class mostly fed on shrimps, gamarids, polychaets, bivalves and smaller fish. Sturgeons longer than 80cm fed mostly on shrimps and smaller fish. Average fat coefficient for Acipenser stellatus was 0.43. A. persicus showed a fat coefficient 0.63 while that of the A. nudiventris was 0.97. Average stomach fullness was 8.3, for Acipenser stellatus, 100 for A. nudiventris and 165 for A. persicus. We found a similar diet between group one fish less than 40 cm long and group two with fish in the length class 41 to 80cm (r=0.7).

We treated 150 specimens of Acipenser nudiventris with diazinon and used 30 individuals as control to assess the haematological effects of the pesticide and LC50(96h) for the fish. The acute toxicity test lasting 96 hours was conducted on juvenile Acipenser nudiventris kept in aerated stagnant water contaminated with diazinon. The LC50(96h) values of diazinon for Acipenser nudiventris juveniles was 4.6 mg/i. The experimental groups of fish showed statistically significant difference in their erythrocyte, haemoglobine, leukocyte and differential leukocyte count (P

In an attempt to recognize the harmful fishing times and locations for sturgeons, we used catch statistic to evaluate by-catch of sturgeon juveniles during beach seine fishing over the years 2001-2002 in Mazandaran Province. We found that over the fishing period, 23760 hauls were conducted during which 103000 sturgeons were caught. The highest by-catch occurred in October (37% of the catch) and the lowest occurred in January (5% of the catch). The maximum sturgeon catch per haul was 14.2 in autumn decreasing through the year with 1.26 sturgeon fish caught in each haul in spring. The species composition of the by-catch sturgeon juveniles was determined to be Persian sturgeon (54%), Stellatus sturgeon (37%), Beluga (6%), Russian sturgeon (2%) and Spiny sturgeon (1%).

A series of studies were conducted to evaluate the possibility to culture Penaeus indicus in coastal area of Gorgan bay concerning the proper climate potential of Behshahr zone during summer till autumn 2000. Thirty two water samples were collected from four shrimp ponds for further laboratory studies to measure some physicochemical parameters such as: temperature, pH, salinity, transparency, nitrogen, phosphorus, D.O. according to the Russian Standard (1988). As a result, the range of water temperature, pH, salinity and trasparency were 24.5-29.0°C, 8.02-8.18, 31.5-43.5 ppt and 21-50cm, respectively and the fluctuation concentration of D.O, NH^+4, NO^-2, PO4^-3 were 3.8-9.5 ml/l, 0.0022-0.015, 0.0021-0.1210 and 0.0145-0.3710 mg/l, respectively. As a conclusion, this shrimp species can be easily adopted with different climate, so this region is suitable for shrimp culture as view point of temperature and salinity. For demonstration of this issue, the semi-intensive shrimp culture has been successful. Also the toxic material such as ammonia and nitrite did not show any restriction for shrimp culture.