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Given the rise of marketing through social media influencers (SMIs), this study aimed to investigate the influences of source credibility and content validity factors on followers' attitudes and intention to purchase brands endorsed by SMIs through brand engagement and brand expected value. The study assessed the moderating effect of product–influencer congruency. Data were collected from 429 individuals in Iran and were assessed using the "partial least squares" (PLS) and "fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis" (fsQCA) approaches. PLS results affirmed the significance of all direct relationships except the role of entertainment value on brand engagement and informativeness value on brand expected value. Product–influencer congruence positively moderated the effects of trustworthiness and expertise on brand expected value. fsQCA identified five solutions with various combinations of elements that lead to high purchase intention. The results of performing fsQCA revealed that three factors, namely attractiveness, entertainment value, and attitude, are necessary to achieve high purchase intention. fsQCA results challenged the PLS findings, indicating the importance of using an asymmetric approach in conjunction with PLS. Our study provides valuable insight for marketing influencers and practitioners on the importance of source credibility and content value factors in enhancing the effectiveness of SMI marketing activities and persuading customers to purchase endorsed brands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The critical role of employees in the hospitality industry is unimpeachable and human resource needs more attention because their satisfactions have a strong influence on the service quality and customers loyalty. In this study, we examined the impact of organizational justice (distributive, procedural, and interactional) and employees' organizational commitment (affective, continuance, and normative) on the employees' job satisfaction. A total of 119 questionnaires were gathered from employees in one to five-star hotels in Tehran. The results show that among organizational justice dimensions, only distributive justice has a strong relationship with job satisfaction. Similarly, between employees' organizational commitment dimensions, only normative commitment has a meaningful impact on the employees' job satisfaction. However, dissimilar to the previous studies, our investigations did not find any direct relationships between procedural and interactional justice, and affective and continuance commitment with employees' job satisfaction. Managerial and theoretical implications and directions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It should be pointed out that expansion of tourism sector relies on micro, small and medium enterprises exist in various related region. This particular study was conducted in Lenggong Valley, Perak to assess the existing strategies in the attempt to develop sustainable tourism related SMEs. Potential businesses in the area were measured using four traditional SWOT inclusive strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The results from observation reveal interesting findings in relation to internal and external factors evaluation of tourism related SMEs. Therefore, this study presents the strategies for development of sustainable tourism related SMEs in the Lenggong Valley, which serve the purpose of assessing the potential business of tourism related SMEs and entrepreneurs. In-depth inspection of tourism strategies are critically considered when creating public policy that benefits the area and the local community.

This investigation employed partial least square analysis to scrutinize factors influencing the social perceptions of Malaysian tourists of tourism facilities at an island tourism destination. It focuses on the effect of one particular socio-demographic variable, length of stay, on consumer satisfaction. Data was collected from a major tourism destination at Langkawi, Malaysia. The results indicate that length of stay has an effect on tourists’ social perceptions and contributes to their dissatisfaction with the destination. Tourists who stayed more than 10 days were less satisfaction than those who stayed for less than 10 days. The implications of this finding and recommendations for further study are discussed as well.

This study highlights the essential factors in the quality of beach usage. A survey was conducted beach visitors to Chenang Beach, Malaysia, to assess the level of beach quality necessary for sustainable tourism development in beach areas. Hypotheses were tested using the second generation of SEM analysis, Partial Least Squares (PLS). The findings from the PLS approach confirmed that the beach's physical aspect and design had the most substantial and significant effect on the perception of beach quality. In contrast, environmental aspects and facilities and services do not determine the perception of beach quality due to the subjectivity of visitors' judgment and individuals'socioeconomic status. The existing tourism activities in the beach area conform to sustainable requirements in some of the cases. The findings have managerial implications for the use of local resources, and the content and upgrading of beach designs to meet visitors' needs and encourage their revisit intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between security and international tourist arrivals. The system Generalized Method of Moments technique is applied in two panels of 29 developed and 45 developing countries over the period 2006-2012. Employing social, economic and political security indexes beside other control variables, the results show that the relationship among all the three sub-indexes of security and tourism is positive and significant in developed nations while it is negative and significant in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with climate change and its implications, making particular reference to Dizin in Iran which is one of the country's leading snow ski resorts. The impacts of climate change on ski businesses are examined, alongside the consequences for local communities, their economies, and overall sustainability. In addition, attention is given to responses by affected enterprises and other stakeholders to the problems caused by falls in demand for snow skiing due to decreasing snow cover attributed to global warming. Adaptive strategies focus on marketing and product diversification with attempts to develop other nature-based pursuits throughout the year as an alternative to that of skiing, but there are concerns about the future among those who rely on snow skiers for a livelihood. Findings are derived from original research incorporating 30 interviews with those involved in the ski industry in Dizin, including residents from a nearby village. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]