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Background: Dengue and leptospirosis are prominent vector-borne diseases in tropical and subtropical regions, sharing overlapping geographic distribution and clinical presentations, which complicates diagnosis and management. Co-infection of these pathogens places additional strain on healthcare resources in endemic areas. This study aims to systematically estimate the prevalence and mortality rates of dengue and leptospirosis co-infections and assess their clinical implications. Methods: Adhering the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered in the PROSPERO database, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to October 2024. Nested Knowledge was used for screening and data extraction. Studies reporting quantitative data on the prevalence or mortality of dengue and leptospirosis co-infections were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers using the Modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Statistical analyses, including prevalence and mortality estimation, sensitivity analysis were conducted using R, with heterogeneity evaluated by the I² statistic. Results: Out of 3,982 records, 14 studies met the eligibility criteria, yielding a pooled prevalence of dengue and leptospirosis co-infection at 2.33% (95% CI: 1.41–3.46%) across 16,638 participants, with significant heterogeneity (I² = 90%). The prediction interval for co-infection ranged from 0.05 to 7.27%. The pooled mortality rate among co-infected patients was 9.96% (95% CI: 0–53.49%), with moderate heterogeneity (I² = 71%). The prediction interval for mortality ranged from 0.00 to 100%. Publication bias was indicated by an LFK index of 2.52. Conclusion: This meta-analysis revealed a moderate prevalence and a notable mortality rate for dengue and leptospirosis co-infections, with significant variability observed across different studies. Further research into the immunopathology and the implementation of integrated surveillance systems could enhance the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment strategies in regions where these diseases are endemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the mechanical properties of concrete by combining recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) with carbon nanofibers and natural sisal fibers, in place of natural aggregates. We created a variety of concrete mixtures with RCA content levels of0%,50%, and 100%, as well as varied fiber combinations. Some mixes included additional cementitious elements such as fly ash (FA) or silica fume (SF). Mechanical tests such as compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength were used to assess the performance. Findings shown that mechanical properties were significantly enhanced by using sisal and carbon nanofibers. Combine A9, which omitted RCA but included 1% sisal fiber and 0.2% carbon nanofibers, had the highest compressive strength (81.2 MPa), flexural strength (8.84 MPa), and split tensile strength (6.60 MPa). Using 100% RCA replacement (Mix C9) lowered the strength somewhat, however the mix still performed better than regular concrete. Based on the findings, RCA and sustainable fibers may be used into concrete to provide a greener alternative without compromising durability.

The lightweight, flexible, and cost-effective features of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) makes them a promising candidate for the development of a sustainable energy conversion technology. In this study, we investigate the process of selecting and evaluating organic materials for use in OPV applications, with a particular emphasis on improving both efficiency and stability. In this study, the most important results are highlighted by means of a complete literature review and data analysis. Bandgaps, HOMO levels, and LUMO levels are all features of the material that play a significant role in determining the performance of the device. Bandgaps may have values ranging from 1.6 to 2.2 eV, while HOMO levels can have values ranging from -5.5 to -4.8 eV. Efficiency enhancement initiatives, such as the invention of new donor- acceptor polymers and non-fullerene acceptors, have resulted to gains in power conversion efficiency (PCE), with values reaching 15%. These benefits have been achieved via the implementation of these tactics. Due to the fact that degradation processes have an effect on the performance of the device over time, stability concerns are very important for practical deployment. In order to improve the device's stability, encapsulation materials and stabilizing chemicals are used to reduce the number of breakdown routes. This paper contributes to the advancement of knowledge in OPV technology by highlighting the significance of material selection, efficiency enhancement, and stability improvement for sustainable energy conversion. Performance evaluation metrics, such as fill factor (FF) and open-circuit voltage (Voc), indicate improved device performance. FF ranges from 60% to 70%, and Voc ranges from 0.5 to 0.8 V. Overall, this paper contributes to the advancement of knowledge. The optimization of materials and device designs should be the primary focus of future research efforts in order to significantly improve the performance of OPVs and speed up its deployment as a viable renewable energy alternative.

Using optimization techniques based on neural networks, this study explores how microgrids might integrate renewable energy sources. Dealing with problems caused by the uncertainty and unpredictability of renewable energy generation is the primary goal. Renewable energy generation has been showing encouraging trends, according to data analysis spanning many time periods. From 120 kWh to 140 kWh, there was a steady rise of 16.67% in solar energy utilization. Also, there was an 18.75% rise, from 80 kWh to 95 kWh, in the use of wind power. There was a 30% rise, from 50 kWh to 65 kWh, in the output of biomass energy. Microgrid load utilization analysis shows rising energy demands in commercial, industrial, and residential areas. Commercial and industrial loads climbed by 15% and 10%, respectively, while residential energy use increased by 10%, from 150 kWh to 165 kWh. With solar predictions at 98.4%, wind predictions at 95.5%, and biomass predictions at 97.3%, predictions made using neural networks were highly congruent with actual output of renewable energy.

Water shortage and management are crucial worldwide concerns affecting both wealthy and developing countries. Sustainable water management seeks to enhance water use while guaranteeing the enduring sustainability of water supplies. Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) has developed into a complete framework for tackling the complexity of water management by including environmental, social, and economic dimensions in a holistic manner. This study article evaluates the efficacy of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in attaining sustainable water management. This study assesses the advantages and drawbacks of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) solutions using case studies from water-scarce areas and empirical research, emphasizing water governance, stakeholder engagement, policy integration, and ecosystem vitality. The findings underscore the crucial role of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in reconciling conflicting water needs, mitigating disputes over water resources, and fostering sustainable behaviors, while also revealing problems in its execution. These results provide insights for enhancing Integrated Water Resources Management frameworks to more effectively tackle future water concerns.

Introduction: Splenic artery aneurysm is a rare form of vascular pathology that carries a high risk of mortality once it gets ruptured. It has a prevalence of 1% and occurs due to thinning and dilatation of the arterial wall. Case: We describe a case of a 35-year-old policeman who died suddenly. At medico-legal autopsy, intraperitoneal clotted blood about 1000 g and liquid blood about 3000 ml were seen. On further exploration, ruptured splenic artery aneurysm about 2.0 cm in diameter became visible near the hilum. Conclusion: Rare cases typically present as sudden and unexpected death with intraperitoneal bleed and may be confused with blunt trauma abdomen. Therefore, splenic artery aneurysm is an appropriate differential diagnosis for sudden deaths and intraperitoneal bleeding, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A road traffic accident is any injury due to crashes originating from, terminating with or involving a vehicle partially or fully on a public road. It is projected that rod traffic injuries will move up to the third position by the year 2020 among leading cause of the global disease burden. They are considerably economic losses to victims, their families, and to countries as a whole. Material and methods: The study was conducted in mortuary of forensic medicine and toxicological department of tertiary care center. Victims of road traffic accident brought to the mortuary of forensic medicine and toxicological department of tertiary care center for autopsy/medico-legal evaluation. Results: The anatomical area most commonly affected 113(56.5%) was thoracic-abdominal followed by 60 (30%). Conclusion: A recognition of the typical patterns of injury coupled with a logical sequence for the initial assessment and management of trauma patients will contribute to reductions in mortality and morbidity; however, the most significant impact on reducing the worldwide burden of motor vehicle-related trauma will come from injury prevention programs organized at societal and governmental levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: India experienced very rapid population growth from 48 million to 1.2 billion in a span of five decades. In India rapid urbanization, industrialization, population explosion and migration of people in past two decades results in enormous growth in the field of road transportation. Material and methods: The study was conducted in mortuary of forensic medicine and toxicological department of tertiary care center. Victims of road traffic accident brought to the mortuary of forensic medicine and toxicological department of tertiary care center for autopsy/medico-legal evaluation. Results: The most common offending agent causes for the accidents were truck (36%) followed by car (25%) and two wheelers (25%) have been found to be mostly responsible. Same results showed in the study conducted by Binod Kumar Ravi et al i.e heavy vehicles such as truck and Lorries are mostly responsible (51.72%) cases followed by light vehicles such as car, Taxi and auto-Rickshaw (25.86%) and motor cyclist (12.93%). Conclusion: Road traffic accidents are increasing at an alarming rate, causing the loss of valuable work force and resources. Most of them caused by human errors and they can be prevented by providing road safety education to all. Improvement of roads, streetlights and displaying of traffic signs needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]