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Colostrum replacement products (CRP) for use in goat kids are sourced from bovine colostrum and often used by producers to supplement or replace maternal colostrum to prevent infections. To compare the CRP fed on farm to caprine colostrum a cross-sectional study was undertaken. Ontario dairy goat producers were asked to collect first milking colostrum from their goats and samples of the reconstituted commercial replacement product currently in use. The frozen samples were thawed and submitted for testing of fat, protein, and lactose content, IgG1 concentration, and aerobic bacterial culture. Compared with caprine colostrum, the reconstituted replacement products were lower in protein (11.7%), and fat (4.6%) and higher in lactose (5.4%) on average. The average IgG1 concentration in goat colostrum (53.5 g/L; range: 16.6–1,985.8) was significantly higher than in CRP (33.7 g/L; range: 10.7–55.3). The Brix cut point for good quality goat colostrum (50 g/L) was calculated at 23% (sensitivity = 69.6%, specificity = 88.0%) for goat colostrum and 26% for the CRP (sensitivity = 87.5%, specificity = 100%). The average aerobic bacteria count for goat colostrum was lower (2.95 log10 cfu/mL) than the CRP samples that were cultured (3.85 log10 cfu/mL). Further investigation into CRP, including on-farm storage of opened powdered product and mixing and storage of reconstituted product, is warranted. Variability in the levels of IgG1; aerobic bacterial growth; and fat, protein, and lactose content in CRP also requires further exploration to determine their effects on kid health. The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Study Aim. Since its inception in 1988, the EUROFIT database network has expanded significantly. This expansion has facilitated the use of standardized test batteries to evaluate physical fitness across diverse groups. This study therefore aimed to determine possible differences in EUROFIT scores between rural and urban male children in Kosovo aged 7 to 11 years and to suggest the underlying factors besides the differences. Material and Methods. The study involved 500 schoolchildren from Kosovo, both rural and urban, aged between 7 and 11 years. They were equally distributed within the total sample. Measurements were conducted using EUROFIT and anthropometric tests. The results were subsequently analyzed and compared using a Student's t-test. Results. The data revealed that urban children have a better starting point, benefiting from greater access to organized physical activities. Their diets, while less healthy, may enhance physical power. The rural environment fosters healthier growth and skill development in boys, particularly before and during the onset of puberty. Conclusions. Urban children should maintain their regular organized physical activities throughout the school period. This will help them match their rural peers in terms of motor and functional abilities. However, morphological traits are becoming more similar between these groups as they enter the prepubertal stage. Future studies should investigate potential differences in female samples. They should also extend to other countries and regions to provide a broader perspective.

Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KIDs) are an emerging technology useful for a wide variety of astronomy applications, including the Habitable Exoplanet Imaging Mission (HabEx), the Origins Space Telescope (OST), the Probe of Inflation and Cosmic Origins (PICO), and more. KIDs operate at cryogenic temperatures and can detect photons with high accuracy, sensitivity, and over a wide range of wavelengths. Though many KID models describe their performance well under certain operating conditions, some important pieces of physics related to quasiparticle dynamics are not yet either well understood or integrated into these models and can strongly affect device performance. In this paper we describe our framework for building an extended KID model, present the results of a quasiparticle diffusion simulation that incorporates scattering, cooling and diffusion, and discuss plans for the experimental testing of the model. We also discuss additional features to be added into future models that aim to capture a wide variety of potential scenarios encountered by researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Study Aim Since its inception in 1988, the EUROFIT database network has expanded significantly. This expansion has facilitated the use of standardized test batteries to evaluate physical fitness across diverse groups. This study therefore aimed to determine possible differences in EUROFIT scores between rural and urban male children in Kosovo aged 7 to 11 years and to suggest the underlying factors besides the differences. Material and Methods The study involved 500 schoolchildren from Kosovo, both rural and urban, aged between 7 and 11 years. They were equally distributed within the total sample. Measurements were conducted using EUROFIT and anthropometric tests. The results were subsequently analyzed and compared using a Student's t-test. Results The data revealed that urban children have a better starting point, benefiting from greater access to organized physical activities. Their diets, while less healthy, may enhance physical power. The rural environment fosters healthier growth and skill development in boys, particularly before and during the onset of puberty. Conclusions Urban children should maintain their regular organized physical activities throughout the school period. This will help them match their rural peers in terms of motor and functional abilities. However, morphological traits are becoming more similar between these groups as they enter the prepubertal stage. Future studies should investigate potential differences in female samples. They should also extend to other countries and regions to provide a broader perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to assess the impact of feeding Bengal gram residual forage-based pelleted Total Mixed Ration (TMR) with varying concentrate (C) to roughage (R) ratios on feed intake, nutrient utilization, growth, and carcass characteristics in Barbari kids. Sixteen weaned male Barbari kids (av. age, 233 ± 11 days; weight, 13.86 ± 0.76 kg) were divided into two groups (T1 and T2), each receiving different pelleted diets (TMR) with distinct concentrate to roughage ratios (T1 with 60:40; T2 with 40:60). The kids were fed for 133 days, and a digestion trial was conducted at the end of the study. After completion, all kids were slaughtered. Although, kids under T1 consumed higher (P < 0.001) amount of dry matter, and crude protein compared to T2, which was due to a higher concentrate to roughage ratio in T1. But, the average daily body weight gain (ADG) of finisher kids was 88.53, and 79.83 g/d/kid in T1 and T2, respectively; however, the difference was non-significant. Digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, and total carbohydrate was also greater in T1 compared to T2. Total digestible nutrients intake was higher (P < 0.001) in T1; similarly intake of digestible energy, and metabolizable energy were significantly increased (P < 0.01) in T1 compared to T2. Concentrations of volatile fatty acids and NH3-nitrogen were also enhanced (P < 0.05) in T1 compared to T2. We observed similar carcass weight, and dressing percentage in both groups, and carcass composition remained unaffected. The pelleted diet containing greater ratio of concentrate: roughage (60:40) had no additional benefits in terms of ADG, and carcass traits in finisher kids. Therefore, it may be concluded that the Bengal gram residual forage-based pelleted TMR diet containing C40: R60 (TDN 57.13%, DCP 7.64%, ME 9.11MJ/kg feed) is suitable for optimizing growth performance with desirable carcass traits, and meat composition in finisher Barbari kids reared under the intensive system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design and management of events and festivals will create a new wave in the future of tourism education while they lead tourism transformation and innovation. Children's festivals and events are tributes to the sound of children's voices and can be a solution for attracting tourists to a destination, creating joy and happiness in these destinations. The aim of this study is to design an event calendar as an educational tool for kids in the city of Isfahan, Iran. A qualitative method (thematic analysis using MAXQDA) was applied in this research. Analysis of the data indicated 31 subthemes. Further analysis identified that historical-cultural events, environmental and agricultural events, children and health, literary festivals for children, art, sports and entertainment were determined as the main themes which are appropriate for designing the kids' calendar in Isfahan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Small ruminants have a socioeconomic impact on Egypt’s production of meat, milk, and wool. Hence, every effort should be taken to prevent infections. Aim: To elucidate the prevalence and serogrouping of Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains from diarrheic lambs and kids, determine their antibiotic susceptibility and associated risk factors affecting the occurrence of the disease, and establish the most common virulence genes marker and major antimicrobial resistance genes. Methods: A total of 150 diarrheic animals (95 lambs and 55 kids) at different ages and seasons were subjected to clinical examination. Rectal swabs were collected from 150 diarrheic animals for isolation and biochemical identification of E. coli. Results: The bacteriological examination revealed that 62/95 lambs and 26/55 kids with percentages of 65% and 47%, respectively, showed infection with E. coli. Serotyping of 88 isolates of E. coli revealed the strains belonging to O2(8), O55(17), O84(5), O17(4), O6(8), O91(17), O26(9), O103(5), O126(5), O124(6), and O159(4). A total of 21 isolates were examined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of virulence and resistance genes. All examined isolates possessed a combination between intimin gene and heat-stable toxin (100%), the serine protease (pic) gene on 8/21 isolates of O55, O2, O6 (38%), and α-hemolysin gene on 8/21 isolates of O26, O91(38%) while adherent invasive gene (invA) gene on 3/21 isolates of O124, O159 (14%) which divided diarrheagenic E. coli into four types assigned to be atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (48%), atypical enterohemorrhagic E. coli 35%), atypical enterotoxigenic E. coli (6%), and atypical enteroinvasive E. coli (11%). On the other hand, the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed high resistance to ampicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline (100%) and amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid (92%) but were highly sensitive to gentamicin, imipenem, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and amikacin (100%). Concerning to ß lactams antibiotic resistance genes of examined isolates had blaSHV (100%) and blaCTX-M (43%). For tetracycline, we detected the tetA in all examined isolates. Conclusion: The wide spread of atypical E. coli strains among diarrheic lambs and kids with marked resistance to several antibiotics of interest and the detection of major resistance genes assess the potential risk of this pathogen to animal and public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the influence of castration and slaughter weight, 24 weaned kids from each of Black goat and Meriz kids were divided equally into two groups, the first was castrated, while the second was left intact, and all were fed individually and slaughtered at 15, 20 and 25kg. Results revealed that the overall mean of daily gain (DG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), Dressing percentage (DP), rib eye area (REA) and fat thickness (FT) averaged respectively 0.073±0.003kg, 6.062±0.32kg/kg, 41.17±0.35%, 10.05±0.40 cm2 and 0.33±0.04mm. It seems that breed had no significant effect on DG and DP. Black goat had significantly higher FCR, REA and FT than Meriz kids, and intact kids had significantly (P

Background: Small ruminants have a socioeconomic impact on Egypt's production of meat, milk and wool. Hence, every effort should be taken to prevent infections. Aim: To elucidate the prevalence and serogrouping of Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains from diarrheic lambs and kids, determine their antibiotic susceptibility and associated risk factors affecting the occurrence of the disease and establish the most common virulence genes marker and major antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Methods: A total of 150 diarrheic animals (95 lambs and 55 kids) at different age and seasons were subjected to clinical examination. Rectal swabs were collected from 150 diarrheic animals for isolation and biochemical identification of E. coli. Results: The bacteriological examination revealed that 62/95 lambs and 26/55 kids with percentages of 65 % and 47 %, respectively showed infection with E. coli. Serotyping of 88 isolates of E. coli revealed the strains belonging to O2(8), O55(17), O84(5), O17(4), O6(8), O91(17), O26(9), O103(5), O126(5) and O124(6), O159(4). A total of 21 isolates were examined by multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay for detection of virulence and resistance genes. All examined isolates possessed a combination between intimin gene (eaeA) and heat stable toxin (STa) (100%), the serine protease (pic) gene on 8/21 isolates of O55, O2, O6 (38%) and α-hemolysin (hlyA) gene on 8/21 isolates of O26, O91(38%) while adherent invasive gene (invA) gene on 3/21 isolates of O124, O159 (14%) which divided diarrheagenic E. coli into four types assigned to be atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) (48%), atypical enterohemorrhagic E. coli (aEHEC) (35%), atypical enterotoxigenic E. coli (aETEC) (6%) and atypical enteroinvasive E. coli (aEIEC) (11%). On other hand, the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) revealed high resistance to ampicillin, erythromycin and tetracycline (100%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (92%) but were highly sensitive to gentamicin, imipenem, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and amikacin (100%). Concerning to ß lactams antibiotic resistance genes of examined isolates had blaSHV (100%) and BlaCTX-M (43%). For tetracycline, we detected the tetA in all examined isolates. Conclusion: The wide spread of atypical E. coli strains among diarrheic lambs and kids with marked resistance to several antibiotic of interest and detection of major resistance genes assess the potential risk of this pathogen to animal and public health. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(9.000): 1106-1115]

Abstract Cryptosporidium spp. remain a major cause of waterborne diarrhea and illness in developing countries and represent a significant burden to farmers worldwide. Cryptosporidium parvum virus 1 (CSpV1), of the genus Cryspovirus, was first reported to be present in the cytoplasm of C. parvum in 1997. Full-length genome sequences have been obtained from C. parvum from Iowa (Iowa), Kansas (KSU) and China. We aimed at characterizing the genome of CSpV1 from France and used sequence analysis from Cryptosporidium isolates to explore whether CSpV1 genome diversity varies over time, with geographical sampling location, C. parvum genetic diversity, or ruminant host species. A total of 123 fecal samples of cattle, sheep and goats were collected from 17 different French departments (57 diseased animal fecal samples and 66 healthy animal fecal samples). Subtyping analysis of the C. parvum isolates revealed the presence of two zoonotic subtype families IIa and IId. Sequence analysis of CSpV1 revealed that all CSpV1 from France, regardless of the subtype of C. parvum (IIaA15G2R1, IIaA17G2R1 and IIdA18G1R1) are more closely related to CSpV1 from Turkey, and cluster on a distinct branch from CSpV1 collected from C. parvum subtype IIaA15G2R1 from Asia and North America. We also found that samples collected on a given year or successive years in a given location are more likely to host the same subtype of C. parvum and the same CSpV1 strain. Yet, there is no distinct clustering of CSpV1 per French department or ruminants, probably due to trade, and transmission of C. parvum among host species. Our results point towards (i) a close association between CSpV1 movement and C. parvum movement, (ii) recent migrations of C. parvum among distantly located departments and (iii) incidental transmission of C. parvum between ruminants. All together, these results provide insightful information regarding CSpV1 evolution and suggest the virus might be used as an epidemiological tracer for C. parvum. Future studies need to investigate CSpV1’s role in C. parvum virulence and on subtype ability to infect different species.

Este artículo explora las percepciones de niños y niñas que tuvieron la oportunidad de explorar las fases de “Hacer” y “Jugar” del Kit de variedad “Toy-Con 01” del Nintendo Labo. A través de aspectos claves como el involucramiento/compromiso estudiantil, la utilización del conocimiento y la adquisición de nuevos conceptos (Gee, 2008), este artículo amplía la comprensión general de cómo los videojuegos pueden generar un aprendizaje activo. A partir de las experiencias en la construcción de proyectos de “Hazlo tú mismo”, los autores analizan cómo los niños, a través de cuatro casos diferentes, conectaron sus conocimientos y experiencias previas con contenido relacionado con la ciencia (implícito en las interacciones y el hardware de la consola Nintendo Switch y el software Nintendo Labo y piezas de cartón). Las limitaciones del estudio sugieren que se necesita más tiempo para tener una exploración más profunda de las percepciones de los niños explorando la fase “Descubrir”—la tercera y última fase de Nintendo Labo.

Background: COVID-19 has been perceived around the world as a major health threat, affecting people's lives by influencing everyday behavior and causing feelings of anxiety, depression and often triggering intense fear. Objective: To know the impact of confinement due to the COVID 19 pandemic on anxiety, depression and stress in children and adolescents in Mexico. Methods: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional, prospective study was carried out in the pediatric population aged 6 to 15 years 11 months, of both sexes, attending the High Specialty Medical Unit Number 48, Gynecology-pediatrics Hospital in the period from May 2020 to May 2021, prior to vaccination against COVID-19 and with the application of the Anxiety, Depression and Stress Scale (DASS 21), Youth Version (DASS-Y) questionnaire. Results: 380 children from 6 to 15 years 11 months were analyzed, with a median age of 13 years, 208 (54,74%) women and 172 (45,26%) men. According to the DASS-Y questionnaire, depression present in 71 subjects (18,69%), anxiety in 47 (12,37%) and stress in 45 (11,87%). Respiratory symptoms in the last 14 days were a factor associated with anxiety [OR, 2,57 (95% CI, 1,38 - 4,78), p 0,002] and depression [OR, 1,90 (95% CI), 1,12 -3,23), p 0,01]. A non-nuclear type of family was a risk factor for depression [OR, 1,69 (95% CI, 1,00 - 2,88), p 0,03]. Stress and anxiety were predictors of depression (Intercept -0,70, SE 0,12, R2 = 0,37, p <0,0001). Conclusions: This study showed the significant impact of confinement on the mental health status of children and adolescents who came for consultation during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study evaluated the dietary effects of extruded linseed and oregano on the quality traits and sensory properties of meat obtained from kids of a Lucanian goat population named "Facciuta Lucana". Thirty-six male kids were divided into three homogeneous groups fed a control feed (C), a diet containing 3% extruded linseed (L), or 3% linseed plus 0.6% oregano (L + O). Meat from the Longissimus lumborum muscle obtained from linseed-fed groups showed a lower content of fat and total saturated fatty acids and, in turn, an increase in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and conjugated linoleic acid, with benefits for human health. Oregano addition to the linseed diet proved to be effective in preserving meat shelf-life, since it lowered the malondialdehyde concentration after 10 days of storage, and improved meat succulence, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptance. Extruded linseed (Linum usitatissimum) in ruminant diets has been investigated as a strategy to improve the nutritional value and healthiness of meat fat; however, increased polyunsaturated fatty acids may limit the shelf-life of meat. Oregano (Origanum vulgare) has a documented antioxidant activity. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with extruded linseed and oregano on goat milk quality and whether the characteristics of goat milk affect the physical and chemical features, fatty acid profile, meat lipid oxidation, and sensory properties of meat from suckling kids. Thirty-six male kids were weaned and divided into three homogeneous groups (n = 12); each group was either fed a control diet (C), or a diet containing 3% extruded linseed with or without the addition of 0.6% oregano ("L + O" and "L", respectively). The diets containing linseed lowered (p < 0.05) the saturated fatty acid content in meat, and increased (p < 0.05) monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid. Oregano addition to the linseed diet proved to be effective in preserving meat shelf-life, as shown by a significant (p < 0.01) reduction in the malondialdehyde concentration after 10 days of storage, and improved meat succulence, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data and visualizations are powerful tools that provide insights, analysis, and conclusions in a logical and easy-to-understand manner. However, the current school curriculum lacks adequate preparation for students to understand, analyze, interpret, or create complex data visualizations, which can hinder their potential careers in data science. To address this gap, our project aimed to develop a user-friendly web-based tool that provides interactive lessons on data and visualizations for elementary school children. The website consists of 12 lessons, categorized by grade levels (1st–2nd grade, 3rd–4th grade, and 5th–6th grade), and includes an interactive question-answer section. Users can scroll down after reading the lessons and practice questions based on the visualizations. The website also has the potential to incorporate games related to data and visualization. The lessons are implemented using React.js and Java with the Spring framework, and new lessons can easily be added by storing them in a markdown folder. The website features a navigation bar with tabs for Home, Lessons, Games, About, and Contact. Additionally, a feedback form is included to gather user feedback for further improvements. The website is currently in the testing stage, and future surveys for teachers and elementary school students will be added to enhance the features provided. Our study presents preliminary findings and serves as a foundational exploration. We acknowledge that further research and experimentation are required to validate and expand upon the results discussed herein.

Cryptosporidium spp. remain a major cause of waterborne diarrhea and illness in developing countries and represent a significant burden to farmers worldwide. Cryptosporidium parvum virus 1 (CSpV1), of the genus Cryspovirus, was first reported to be present in the cytoplasm of C. parvum in 1997. Full-length genome sequences have been obtained from C. parvum from Iowa (Iowa), Kansas (KSU) and China. We aimed at characterizing the genome of CSpV1 from France and used sequence analysis from Cryptosporidium isolates to explore whether CSpV1 genome diversity varies over time, with geographical sampling location, C. parvum genetic diversity, or ruminant host species. A total of 123 fecal samples of cattle, sheep and goats were collected from 17 different French departments (57 diseased animal fecal samples and 66 healthy animal fecal samples). Subtyping analysis of the C. parvum isolates revealed the presence of two zoonotic subtype families IIa and IId. Sequence analysis of CSpV1 revealed that all CSpV1 from France, regardless of the subtype of C. parvum (IIaA15G2R1, IIaA17G2R1 and IIdA18G1R1) are more closely related to CSpV1 from Turkey, and cluster on a distinct branch from CSpV1 collected from C. parvum subtype IIaA15G2R1 from Asia and North America. We also found that samples collected on a given year or successive years in a given location are more likely to host the same subtype of C. parvum and the same CSpV1 strain. Yet, there is no distinct clustering of CSpV1 per French department or ruminants, probably due to trade, and transmission of C. parvum among host species. Our results point towards (i) a close association between CSpV1 movement and C. parvum movement, (ii) recent migrations of C. parvum among distantly located departments and (iii) incidental transmission of C. parvum between ruminants. All together, these results provide insightful information regarding CSpV1 evolution and suggest the virus might be used as an epidemiological tracer for C. parvum. Future studies need to investigate CSpV1's role in C. parvum virulence and on subtype ability to infect different species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non-communicable chronic diseases are associated with a low-quality diet, low physical activity, and sedentary behavior. Objective: To assess how parents' diet and physical activity habits were associated with their offsprings' lifestyles. Study design: A cross-sectional analysis of 8–16-year-old children and adolescents (n = 2539; 51.9% girls) was carried out within the frame of the first edition of the Physical Activity, Sedentarism, Lifestyles, and Obesity in Spanish Youth study (PASOS-2019). Data on adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), daily moderate–vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and screen time per day (television, computer, video games, and mobile phone) were collected from children and adolescents, and data on parents' diet quality and physical activity were compiled. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between parents' lifestyles and those of children and adolescents. Results: High diet quality of parents was associated with higher adherence to the MedDiet of children and adolescents, as well as high consumption of fruit, vegetables, fish, nuts, and legumes. The high physical activity level of parents was associated with the low consumption of fast foods, sweets, and candies in children and adolescents. Children with high levels of physical activity were those whose parents showed better diet quality and physical activity levels. Conclusions: Parents' high diet quality and physical activity were associated with healthy lifestyles, higher adherence to the MedDiet, and physical activity of their offspring, mainly in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In the face of the challenge posed by antibiotic prohibition, the identification of sustainable, eco-friendly alternatives to antibiotics is important. Ampelopsis grossedentata flavonoids, a plant-based extract, have high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities provide a non-toxic and innocuous option for the extended application of additives. This study examined the viability of Ampelopsis grossedentata flavonoids as a potential substitute for antibiotics. The results showed that supplementation of Ampelopsis grossedentata flavonoids in the diet exhibited the capacity to enhance rumen microbial diversity and immune competence, thereby fostering improved growth performance among weaned kids. Consequently, this study provides an important reference for the future development of Ampelopsis grossedentata flavonoids as a new environmentally friendly additive. This study was conducted to evaluate the influences of supplementing Ampelopsis grossedentata flavonoids (AGF) on the rumen bacterial microbiome, plasma physiology and biochemistry, and growth performance of goats. Twenty-four Nubian kids were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments: the control (CON, basal diet), the 1.0 g/kg AGF treatment (AGF), and the 12.5 mg/kg monensin treatment (MN). This trial consisted of 10 days for adaptation and 90 days for data and sample collection. The results reveal that Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria are the dominant phyla in kids' rumen. Compared with the CON group, the alpha diversity in the MN and AGF groups significantly increased (p < 0.01). Beta-diversity shows that rumen microbial composition is more similar in the MN and AGF groups. LEfSe analysis shows that Prevotella_1 in the AGF group were significantly higher than those in the MN and CON group. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose levels in the AGF group were significantly higher than those in the CON group (p < 0.05), whereas the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase levels exhibited the opposite trend. The average daily gains in the AGF and MN groups significantly increased, while the feed-to-gain ratios were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The results suggest that adding AGF to the diet improves microbial composition and has important implications for studying juvenile livestock growth and improving economic benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to define growth traits of kids named Manavlı goat from six flocks under the breeder's conditions in Denizli Province. The average birth weights of the kids were 3.63 kg, 4.28 kg, 3.85 kg, 4.11 kg, 3.83 kg, and 3.64 kg for the six flocks, respectively. The average live weights of male and female kids on 60th, 90th, and 150th day of age were 16.50 kg, 22.35 kg, and 34.82 kg and 15.33 kg, 20.14 kg, and 32.06 kg, respectively (p < 0.05). While the average live weights of single kids on 60th, 90th were 16.70 kg and 21.96 kg, the values for twins were 15.13 kg and 21.03 kg, respectively (p < 0.05). Body measurements of male kids such as height at withers, rump height, rump width, body length, heart girth, head length, ear length, tail length, and front and back wrist girth were measured as 70.26 cm, 70.21 cm, 16.23 cm, 66.80 cm, 70.11 cm, 19.51 cm, 22.16 cm, 18.59 cm, 11.85 cm, and 11.57 cm, respectively, on the 150th day of age. This study is the first research related to growth traits of Manavlı kids, for which no features have been reported to date. It was thought that the results obtained will help to characterise the Manavlı goat and will provide a database for the following studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pediatric vitiligo has a psycho-emotional impact and can cause concern due to the affectation of the patient's physical appearance. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of children with vitiligo and their caregivers, in a population of a children's hospital in southwestern Colombia. Methodology: Descriptive, longitudinal and transversal study. Two validated QoL scales were used. Results and discussion: A sample of 48 children with vitiligo was obtained with a median (Mdn) age of 10 years (IQR: 8-13.75), 58.3% of which were male, and 96 primary caregivers with a mean (M) age of 39.74 years (SD: 12.77), of which 78.1% were women. Two validated QoL scales were applied: the Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) for patients, and the Family Dermatology Life Quality Index (FDLQI) for caregivers. The results of this study showed a statistically significant correlation between the deterioration in QoL of children with vitiligo and that of their primary caregivers (p <0.01). Moderation analysis showed a greater deterioration in caregiver QoL when the patient was =10 years of age (ß=-0.612; 95% CI: -1.081 to -0.142; p <0.05; R2: 0.282). Conclusions: A strong correlation was observed between the QoL of the child and that of his caregiver, with the age of the child influencing this result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty-eight (28) Red Sokoto does (RSD) weighing on the average 17.86 kg were assigned to four different diets treatment (1,2,3 and 4). Ginger was added in different levels with treatments 2, 3 and 4 containing 250 g, 500 g and 750 g respectively in a completely randomized design. Treatment 1 was the control with 0 g ginger. The animals were fed at 4% body weight. Feed intakes, weight gain and cost implication were measured and recorded. Results showed that Red Sokoto Does (RSD) fed diet containing 0 g and 750 g levels of ginger inclusion had a significantly (P<0.05) higher total feed intake (137.71 kg and 137.70 kg) respectively than other levels. Animals fed (750 g) ginger inclusion level recorded a significantly (P<0.05) higher weight gain (10.78 kg). Feed conversion ratio was best (12.81) in the treatment fed 750 g ginger inclusion level with similar values (P>0.05) across the treatments. Kids from RSD fed 500 g ginger inclusion level recorded a significantly (P<0.05) higher weight at birth, final weight, total weight gain and daily weight gain (2.40 kg, 9.60 kg, 7.20 kg and 120.00 g) respectively. The kids were monitored from kidding to weaning stage (three months after kidding). Feeding diet containing 750 g ginger to pregnant RSD reduced the cost of feeding/kg gain by 31% compared to the control. The study revealed that levels of ginger inclusion improved weight gain of both RSD and their kids and saved feeding cost per kg weight gain of RSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The pathogenic Clostridia cause neurotoxic, histotoxic and enterotoxic infections in humans and animals. Several Clostridium species have been associated with abomasitis in ruminants. The present study aimed to investigate the frequency, and the presence of virulence genes, of Clostridium perfringens, Paeniclostridium sordellii and Clostridium septicum in lambs and goat kids with hemorrhagic abomasitis. Results A total of 38 abomasum samples, collected from lambs and goat kids of 1 week to 1 month of age in different farms located in eastern Turkey between 2021 and 2022, were evaluated by histopathology, culture and PCR. At necropsy, the abomasum of the animals was excessively filled with caseinized content and gas, and the abomasum mucosa was hemorrhagic in varying degrees. In histopathological evaluation, acute necrotizing hemorrhagic inflammation was noted in abomasum samples. The examination of swab samples by culture and PCR revealed that C. perfringens type A was the most frequently detected species (86.84%) either alone or in combination with other Clostridium species. P. sordellii, C. perfringens type F and C. septicum were also harboured in the samples, albeit at low rates. Beta2 toxin gene (cpb2) was found in three of C. perfringens type A positive samples. Conclusion It was suggested that vaccination of pregnant animals with toxoid vaccines would be beneficial in terms of protecting newborn animals against Clostridial infections. This study investigated the presence of clostridial toxin genes in abomasal samples for the first time in Turkey.

Basically a growing and developing child is unruly and difficult to understand the commands of the parents. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods, as well as by taking data by documentation, interviews, and observations. The results of the study showed that the strategies used in early childhood discipline at the BIAS Institute for the rabbit class program used learning strategies Learning By Doing, Fun Learning, Small Group, Habit Forming / Habituation, Humanist, Scientific Learning

The relationship media and children in communicationstudies is an issue that takes place in thecontext of the protection of children in and from the media and leads to long-term discussions. Recently, the fact that social media platforms, which have become widespread with the emergence of new communication technologies and increase their preferability daybyday, are used by children as well as adults, has brought the issue of protecting children from social media. These platforms, which legitimize the capitalist system and ensure the continuation of this system, negatively affect the consumption habits of children who are yet conscious consumers and cause them to be sold to advertisers as a commodity. In this direction, the aim of the study is to determine the consumption content elements in the videos of Kidfluencers, who are both content producers and consumers on YouTube. As a result of the research; it was concluded at the video covers of theKidfuencers examined included 84% consumption visuals, 64% shopping, 12% consumption oriented life elements such as luxury houses and cars and 26% advertisement. In order to increase the click through rate of the videos, it is determined that consumption oriented products are included in the videos covers and contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this work was to study the effect of sex and weight at slaughter on meat quality in the longissimus muscle of Black goat and Meriz goat. Twenty four weaned kids from each breed were divided equally and penned individually into two groups. The 1st was castrated using rubber ring, and the 2nd was left intact, and was assigned to be slaughtered at 15,20 and 25 kg live body weight.The overall means of pH, lightness, redness, yellowness, drip loss, cooking loss and tenderness were 5.94±0.009, 46±1.16, 20.01±0.68, 35.68±0.78, 0.25±0.01, 12.17±0.35, 1.65 ±0.008, respectively. Results revealed neither breed nor sex had a significant effect (p>0.05) on pH, color, drip loss, cooking loss and tenderness. It seems that kids slaughtered at 15 kg had more lightness, have more drip loss, and lower cooking loss as compared with kids slaughtered at 20 and 25 kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Facta Universitatis: Series Physical Education & Sport is the property of Facta Universitatis, Series Physical Education & Sport and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Health & Society is the property of Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Periodicojs and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Reduced physical activity (PA) is one of the significant health concerns in adults and children alike. Despite the proven benefits of PA, most children, globally, do not meet the weekly criteria of enough PA to maintain health. The proposed systematic review is the review of the factors and will provide information on the factors associated with PA participation in children. Methods: The proposed systematic review will be conducted based on the methodology from the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. We will include observational studies (cross-sectional, case–control, and cohort studies), randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and non-randomized study designs for information on factors associated with PA participation among children. Studies with participants in the age range of 5–18 years, indulging in physical activity of 60 min per day for a minimum of 3 days a week, will be included. Studies including differently abled children, children under medical treatment, and those taking medications for illnesses such as neurological, cardiac, and mental health conditions will be excluded from the review. We will search MEDLINE (via PubMed and Web of Science), Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, and PEDro for English language publications published from the inception till October 2022. For additional studies, we will search websites such as the Australian Association for Adolescent Health International Association for Adolescent Health and a reference list of the included publications. Selection of studies, data extraction, and quality assessment of the included studies will be performed in duplicate. Quality assessment of the included studies will be performed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (ROB-II) for RCTs, New-Castle Ottawa, for observational studies, and ROBINS-I (Risk of Bias for Non-Randomized studies of Interventions) for non-randomized study designs. Discussion: The proposed systematic review and meta-analysis will present a summary of the available evidence on factors associated with PA participation in children. The findings of this review will provide new insights into how exercise providers can improve PA participation among children and can also help healthcare workers, clinicians, researchers, and policymakers to plan long-term interventions targeting child health. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42021270057. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Cholelithiasis is defined as a disease caused by the presence of substances in the gallbladder, which causes an imbalance in the organ. The disease is considered rare in infants and has a low incidence in adolescents, while in pediatrics there has been an increase in the number of cases of the disease. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the general characteristics of cholelithiasis when manifested in childhood, as well as its possible complications and the treatments used by professionals in different cases. METHODOLOGY: The current research is characterized as an integrative review, of the descriptive type and with a qualitative approach. RESULTS: Regarding the clinical presentation, in childhood, this disease can manifest itself through nonspecific symptoms, cholelithiasis complicated with choledocholithiasis, pancreatitis or cholangitis, with jaundice, pain and fever, it can be asymptomatic and found accidentally, usually through of some examination such as abdominal USG, and the most characteristic symptom of the disease which is the typical biliary colic or cholecystitis. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: It was possible to identify in this research that the techniques used in the pediatric field and diagnostic methods that collaborate to differentiate the treatments to be performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Sports as a tool for social transformation helps in the development of children, improving their quality of life. This study aimed to analyze, using the KIDSCREEN-52 tool, the HRQoL (Healf Related Quality of Life) of 252 children aged between 8 and 12 years old, beneficiaries of the socio-sporting project Futsal Social, with a breakdown by sex and age. The results were tabulated in an SPSS spreadsheet, version 26.0. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test normality, and ANOVA was used for variable association. The overall mean HRQoL score indicated a good perception of the quality of life. The lowest mean score was found in dimension 7 (financial aspects) with 63±21 points. Conclusion: In general, the investigated children presented a good perception of HRQoL.

Children and adolescents worldwide, especially girls, do not meet moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines, a situation which is related to obesity and other comorbidities. Sex/gender differences in the practice of MVPA and motivations to engage in physical activity have not been previously examined among Spanish students considering different educational levels. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore these differences and analyse if motivations mediate the relationship between educational levels and MVPA in a large sample of students. From different schools in the Madrid region (primary: 11,122; lower secondary: 12,379; upper secondary: 3228) 26,729 students (13,491 boys and 13,238 girls; 9–19 years old) were recruited to participate in this study. The short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the third version of the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire were used to evaluate, MVPA and motivations to exercise, respectively. Two-way ANCOVA and a mediation analysis were performed. Female students were found to be less active than males (43.4±38.7 and 58.6±45.9 min of MVPA; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.023) and showed lower intrinsic (ηp2 = 0.003), and integrated (ηp2 = 0.007) motivations than their male counterparts (p < 0.001). Primary school students were more active than lower and upper secondary students (53.3±44.2, 49.9±42.3 and 48.0±42.8 min of MVPA; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.002) and also presented higher intrinsic (ηp2 = 0.011) and integrated (ηp2 = 0.010) motivation than secondary school students (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Among Spanish children and adolescents, females showed lower levels of MVPA and intrinsic and integrated motivation across all the educational levels, and among primary school students in comparison to secondary school. This suggests that inner motivation is more determinant of increased engagement in MVPA and thus, there is need to reinforce it before the transition to secondary school and with special focus on females' preferences. What is Known: •Many children and adolescents worldwide, do not meet physical activity (PA) recommendations. • Within the self-determination theory, autonomous motivation seems to be the main responsible of greater PA levels. What is New: •This study shows for the first time sex and educational level differences in PA levels in a representative sample of Spanish students (9-19 yrs). •Autonomous motivation decreased from primary school onwards and was lower in female students than in their male counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The pathogenic Clostridia cause neurotoxic, histotoxic and enterotoxic infections in humans and animals. Several Clostridium species have been associated with abomasitis in ruminants. The present study aimed to investigate the frequency, and the presence of virulence genes, of Clostridium perfringens, Paeniclostridium sordellii and Clostridium septicum in lambs and goat kids with hemorrhagic abomasitis. Results: A total of 38 abomasum samples, collected from lambs and goat kids of 1 week to 1 month of age in different farms located in eastern Turkey between 2021 and 2022, were evaluated by histopathology, culture and PCR. At necropsy, the abomasum of the animals was excessively filled with caseinized content and gas, and the abomasum mucosa was hemorrhagic in varying degrees. In histopathological evaluation, acute necrotizing hemorrhagic inflammation was noted in abomasum samples. The examination of swab samples by culture and PCR revealed that C. perfringens type A was the most frequently detected species (86.84%) either alone or in combination with other Clostridium species. P. sordellii, C. perfringens type F and C. septicum were also harboured in the samples, albeit at low rates. Beta2 toxin gene (cpb2) was found in three of C. perfringens type A positive samples. Conclusion: It was suggested that vaccination of pregnant animals with toxoid vaccines would be beneficial in terms of protecting newborn animals against Clostridial infections. This study investigated the presence of clostridial toxin genes in abomasal samples for the first time in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to characterize and determine the presence of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida isolated from kids with respiratory problems in Mexico. Convenience samplings were carried out in seven states of Mexico, obtaining 1,498 samples of nasal exudate from kids, the samples were inoculated on blood agar plates, and the isolates underwent biochemical tests to determine gender and species, finding 535 isolates, of which 491 were identified as M. haemolytica and 44 as P. multocida. Fifty isolates of M. haemolytica were randomly selected to be characterized with real-time PCR and endpoint PCR, confirming molecular identification in 46 of the 50 isolates. The capsular type and biotype of the P. multocida isolates were determined, finding that 36 isolates corresponded to type A and eight isolates to type D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic forced absolute confinement in Spain from March 15 to July 21, 2020. On the other side of the screen, YouTubers girls and boys, creators of specific content for their peers, took the opportunity to increase their productions. This research examines 73 creations made during the confinement period by six Spanish girls YouTubers categorized as influencers by the number of reproductions and followers of their channels through content analysis to evaluate the interactions, the content generated, and subjective aspects of projection of the emotional state of these minors. The results show increased interactors, positioning the female sector as the most prevalent gender. The contents have been related to the COVID-19 theme, while, in the emotional aspect, the influencers were not affected by the great sadness that hit Spain with the death of thousands of people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The behaviour of the mother goat plays a decisive role in the survival of the newborn kid. There are conflicting opinions regarding the influence of temperament on maternal behaviour in different animal species. In goats, as species that possess a behaviour of "hiding" their newborn, temperament should significantly influence the development of the relationship between the newborn kid and its mother. This is especially important in animals giving birth for the first time. Knowing the relationship between temperament and maternal response in goats would lead to better management of technological processes on the farm, which in turn would increase kid survival rates and reduce mortality rates. Various tests are used worldwide to determine the temperament of farm animals, some of which are applicable to goats. The aim of this review is to summarize the methods of determining temperament in dairy goats and how it affects the goat's behaviour towards the kid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to analyze, through the speeches of judo teachers who work with children, how they conduct their teaching practices with children. This is a descriptive-interpretative study carried out with 33 teachers from the state of Espírito Santo. Data were produced through a questionnaire sent by Google Forms. The results indicate that teachers emphasize axiological, technical, and motor development aspects in their teaching processes, which point to a universal conception of childhood. Although they use games and play in their classes, the discourses suggest an instrumental appropriation of these playful manifestations, with little space for children to have their subjectivities, agencies, and authorial practices recognized and valued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A millimeter wave quasi-optical system is specially designed for the optical cryogenic characterization of superconducting kinetic inductance detectors for the W-band. The system includes a horn antenna optimized for the W-band, the optical instrument that comprises a collimator and collector subsystems and a set of thermal and microwave blocking filters. The completed design is described based on the Gaussian beam and ray tracing approximation. The accuracy of the Gaussian beam approximation is used to avoid losses by vignetting and to optimize f/0.9 collector optics at 92.5 GHz. The final opto-mechanical design is showed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to compare the fattening performance and carcass characteristics of the offsprings obtained from meat-type crossbreed sheep and goats. For this purpose, 10 head of lambs of the Cukurova Assaf type (75% Ost-Friz + 25% Awassi) and 10 head kids of Improved Cukurova Boer type (10% Native Hair Goat + 90% Boer) were used as animal material in the experiment. Kids and lambs were housed in two different paddocks during the eight-week trial period and performance data such as feed consumption and live weight gain were recorded during the trial. Four head animals, of which closest to the average live weight of each group in the final of the fattening period were slaughter and then carcass parameters were evaluated. According to the obtained results, there was no statistically significant difference between lambs and kids in terms of initial and final live weights and feed conversion ratios (P>0.05). However, the difference between the two species with regard to feed consumption and live weight gains during the 8-week fattening period were found to be significant (P<0.05). Considering slaughtering data, the difference between lambs and kids in terms of hot and cold carcass weights, head weights, feet weights and leather weights were found to be significant (P<0.05). Kid and lamb meat were found to be similar with regard to parameters such as color (Brightness, redness and yellowness) and cutting force (P>0.05); however, the difference in meats in terms of softness and juiciness parameters were determined to be significant (P<0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to determine the fat and protein content from goat colostrum and milk at weaning the kids. Also, the growth rate of kids was determined during the 50 days of milk feeding period. The experiment was carried out on 8 Carpatina breed goats with their twin male/female couple kids (n=16). Fat and protein content is significant higher (p