159 results on '"Kiesel, Andreas"'
Search Results
2. The effect of combined drought and trace metal elements stress on the physiological response of three Miscanthus hybrids
- Author
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Krzyżak, Jacek, Rusinowski, Szymon, Sitko, Krzysztof, Szada-Borzyszkowska, Alicja, Stec, Radosław, Janota, Paulina, Jensen, Elaine, Kiesel, Andreas, and Pogrzeba, Marta
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Breeding progress and preparedness for mass‐scale deployment of perennial lignocellulosic biomass crops switchgrass, miscanthus, willow and poplar
- Author
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Clifton‐Brown, John, Harfouche, Antoine, Casler, Michael D, Jones, Huw Dylan, Macalpine, William J, Murphy‐Bokern, Donal, Smart, Lawrence B, Adler, Anneli, Ashman, Chris, Awty‐Carroll, Danny, Bastien, Catherine, Bopper, Sebastian, Botnari, Vasile, Brancourt‐Hulmel, Maryse, Chen, Zhiyong, Clark, Lindsay V, Cosentino, Salvatore, Dalton, Sue, Davey, Chris, Dolstra, Oene, Donnison, Iain, Flavell, Richard, Greef, Joerg, Hanley, Steve, Hastings, Astley, Hertzberg, Magnus, Hsu, Tsai‐Wen, Huang, Lin S, Iurato, Antonella, Jensen, Elaine, Jin, Xiaoli, Jørgensen, Uffe, Kiesel, Andreas, Kim, Do‐Soon, Liu, Jianxiu, McCalmont, Jon P, McMahon, Bernard G, Mos, Michal, Robson, Paul, Sacks, Erik J, Sandu, Anatolii, Scalici, Giovanni, Schwarz, Kai, Scordia, Danilo, Shafiei, Reza, Shield, Ian, Slavov, Gancho, Stanton, Brian J, Swaminathan, Kankshita, Taylor, Gail, Torres, Andres F, Trindade, Luisa M, Tschaplinski, Timothy, Tuskan, Gerald A, Yamada, Toshihiko, Yu, Chang Yeon, Zalesny, Ronald S, Zong, Junqin, and Lewandowski, Iris
- Subjects
Affordable and Clean Energy ,bioenergy ,feedstocks ,lignocellulose ,M. sacchariflorus ,M. sinensis ,Miscanthus ,Panicum virgatum ,perennial biomass crop ,Populus spp. ,Salix spp. ,M. sacchariflorus ,M. sinensis ,Agricultural Biotechnology - Abstract
Genetic improvement through breeding is one of the key approaches to increasing biomass supply. This paper documents the breeding progress to date for four perennial biomass crops (PBCs) that have high output-input energy ratios: namely Panicum virgatum (switchgrass), species of the genera Miscanthus (miscanthus), Salix (willow) and Populus (poplar). For each crop, we report on the size of germplasm collections, the efforts to date to phenotype and genotype, the diversity available for breeding and on the scale of breeding work as indicated by number of attempted crosses. We also report on the development of faster and more precise breeding using molecular breeding techniques. Poplar is the model tree for genetic studies and is furthest ahead in terms of biological knowledge and genetic resources. Linkage maps, transgenesis and genome editing methods are now being used in commercially focused poplar breeding. These are in development in switchgrass, miscanthus and willow generating large genetic and phenotypic data sets requiring concomitant efforts in informatics to create summaries that can be accessed and used by practical breeders. Cultivars of switchgrass and miscanthus can be seed-based synthetic populations, semihybrids or clones. Willow and poplar cultivars are commercially deployed as clones. At local and regional level, the most advanced cultivars in each crop are at technology readiness levels which could be scaled to planting rates of thousands of hectares per year in about 5 years with existing commercial developers. Investment in further development of better cultivars is subject to current market failure and the long breeding cycles. We conclude that sustained public investment in breeding plays a key role in delivering future mass-scale deployment of PBCs.
- Published
- 2019
4. Breeding progress and preparedness for mass-scale deployment of perennial lignocellulosic biomass crops switchgrass, miscanthus, willow and poplar.
- Author
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Clifton-Brown, John, Harfouche, Antoine, Casler, Michael D, Dylan Jones, Huw, Macalpine, William J, Murphy-Bokern, Donal, Smart, Lawrence B, Adler, Anneli, Ashman, Chris, Awty-Carroll, Danny, Bastien, Catherine, Bopper, Sebastian, Botnari, Vasile, Brancourt-Hulmel, Maryse, Chen, Zhiyong, Clark, Lindsay V, Cosentino, Salvatore, Dalton, Sue, Davey, Chris, Dolstra, Oene, Donnison, Iain, Flavell, Richard, Greef, Joerg, Hanley, Steve, Hastings, Astley, Hertzberg, Magnus, Hsu, Tsai-Wen, Huang, Lin S, Iurato, Antonella, Jensen, Elaine, Jin, Xiaoli, Jørgensen, Uffe, Kiesel, Andreas, Kim, Do-Soon, Liu, Jianxiu, McCalmont, Jon P, McMahon, Bernard G, Mos, Michal, Robson, Paul, Sacks, Erik J, Sandu, Anatolii, Scalici, Giovanni, Schwarz, Kai, Scordia, Danilo, Shafiei, Reza, Shield, Ian, Slavov, Gancho, Stanton, Brian J, Swaminathan, Kankshita, Taylor, Gail, Torres, Andres F, Trindade, Luisa M, Tschaplinski, Timothy, Tuskan, Gerald A, Yamada, Toshihiko, Yeon Yu, Chang, Zalesny, Ronald S, Zong, Junqin, and Lewandowski, Iris
- Subjects
M. sacchariflorus ,M. sinensis ,Miscanthus ,Panicum virgatum ,Populus spp. ,Salix spp. ,bioenergy ,feedstocks ,lignocellulose ,perennial biomass crop ,M. sacchariflorus ,M. sinensis ,Agricultural Biotechnology - Abstract
Genetic improvement through breeding is one of the key approaches to increasing biomass supply. This paper documents the breeding progress to date for four perennial biomass crops (PBCs) that have high output-input energy ratios: namely Panicum virgatum (switchgrass), species of the genera Miscanthus (miscanthus), Salix (willow) and Populus (poplar). For each crop, we report on the size of germplasm collections, the efforts to date to phenotype and genotype, the diversity available for breeding and on the scale of breeding work as indicated by number of attempted crosses. We also report on the development of faster and more precise breeding using molecular breeding techniques. Poplar is the model tree for genetic studies and is furthest ahead in terms of biological knowledge and genetic resources. Linkage maps, transgenesis and genome editing methods are now being used in commercially focused poplar breeding. These are in development in switchgrass, miscanthus and willow generating large genetic and phenotypic data sets requiring concomitant efforts in informatics to create summaries that can be accessed and used by practical breeders. Cultivars of switchgrass and miscanthus can be seed-based synthetic populations, semihybrids or clones. Willow and poplar cultivars are commercially deployed as clones. At local and regional level, the most advanced cultivars in each crop are at technology readiness levels which could be scaled to planting rates of thousands of hectares per year in about 5 years with existing commercial developers. Investment in further development of better cultivars is subject to current market failure and the long breeding cycles. We conclude that sustained public investment in breeding plays a key role in delivering future mass-scale deployment of PBCs.
- Published
- 2019
5. Implementing miscanthus into farming systems: A review of agronomic practices, capital and labour demand
- Author
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Winkler, Bastian, Mangold, Anja, von Cossel, Moritz, Clifton-Brown, John, Pogrzeba, Marta, Lewandowski, Iris, Iqbal, Yasir, and Kiesel, Andreas
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Early impacts of marginal land‐use transition to Miscanthus on soil quality and soil carbon storage across Europe
- Author
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Bertola, Marta, primary, Magenau, Elena, additional, Martani, Enrico, additional, Kontek, Mislav, additional, Ashman, Chris, additional, Jurišić, Vanja, additional, Lamy, Isabelle, additional, Kam, Jason, additional, Fornasier, Flavio, additional, McCalmont, Jon, additional, Trindade, Luisa M., additional, Amaducci, Stefano, additional, Clifton‐Brown, John, additional, Kiesel, Andreas, additional, and Ferrarini, Andrea, additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Early impacts of marginal land-use transition to Miscanthus on soil quality and soil carbon storage across Europe
- Author
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Bertola, Marta, Magenau, Elena, Martani, Enrico, Kontek, Mislav, Ashman, Chris, Jurišić, Vanja, Lamy, Isabelle, Kam, Jason, Fornasier, Flavio, McCalmont, Jon, Trindade, Luisa M., Amaducci, Stefano, Clifton-Brown, John, Kiesel, Andreas, Ferrarini, Andrea, Bertola, Marta, Magenau, Elena, Martani, Enrico, Kontek, Mislav, Ashman, Chris, Jurišić, Vanja, Lamy, Isabelle, Kam, Jason, Fornasier, Flavio, McCalmont, Jon, Trindade, Luisa M., Amaducci, Stefano, Clifton-Brown, John, Kiesel, Andreas, and Ferrarini, Andrea
- Abstract
Miscanthus, a C4 perennial rhizomatous grass, is a low-input energy crop suitable for marginal land, which cultivation can improve soil quality and promote soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. In this study, four promising Miscanthus hybrids were chosen to evaluate their short-term potential, in six European marginal sites, to sequester SOC and improve physical, chemical, and biological soil quality in topsoil. Overall, no differences among Miscanthus hybrids were detected in terms of impacts on soil quality and SOC sequestration. SOC sequestration rate after 4 years was of +0.4 Mg C ha−1 year−1, but land-use transition from former cropland or grassland showed contrasting SOC sequestration trajectories. In unfertilized marginal lands, cultivation of high-yielding Miscanthus genotypes caused a depletion of K (−216 kg ha−1 year−1), followed by Ca (−56 kg ha−1 year−1), Mg (−102 kg ha−1 year−1) and to a lesser extent of N. On the contrary, the biological turnover of organic matter increased the available P content (+164 kg P2O5 ha−1 year−1). SOC content was identified as the main driver of changes in biological soil quality. High input of labile plant C stimulated an increment of microbial biomass and enzymatic activity. Here, a novel approach was applied to estimate C input to soil from different Miscanthus organs. Despite the high estimated plant C input to soil (0.98 Mg C ha−1 year−1), with significant differences among sites and Miscanthus hybrids, it was not identified as a driver of SOC sequestration. On the contrary, initial SOC and nutrients (N, P) content, as well as their elemental stoichiometric ratios with C, were the key factors controlling SOC dynamics. Introducing Miscanthus on marginal lands impacts positively soil biological quality over the short term, but targeted fertilization plans are needed to secure crop yield over the long term as well as the C sink capacity of this perennial cropping system.
- Published
- 2024
8. Yield development and nutrient offtake in contrasting miscanthus hybrids under green and brown harvest regimes.
- Author
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Lewin, Eva, Clifton Brown, John, Magenau, Elena, Jensen, Elaine, Mangold, Anja, Lewandowski, Iris, and Kiesel, Andreas
- Subjects
PLANT breeding ,MISCANTHUS ,SPRING ,HARVESTING time ,BIOGAS - Abstract
Harvest time is an important variable that determines the yield of miscanthus biomass, its possible end uses, and the nutrient offtake from the field. Green harvests result in a higher yield and greater nutrient removal from the field. Brown miscanthus harvests, carried out in late winter or early spring, result in lower yields and a lower nutrient offtake, whereby the harvested biomass is better suited to use in combustion. To look at the long‐term impact of green harvests on miscanthus, this experiment followed the yield development of two miscanthus hybrids subjected to green and brown harvests over a period of seven years at one site in Southern Germany. The standard commercial hybrid Miscanthus × giganteus (Mxg) was compared with a novel late‐ripening Miscanthus sinensis hybrid: Syn55. Average yields of Mxg were 19.9 t ha−1 for green harvests and 13.2 t ha−1 for brown harvests compared to 13.9 and 12.9 t ha−1 for green and brown harvested Syn55, respectively. Yields of Mxg were very different for green and brown harvests; green harvested Mxg had very high nutrient offtake, while brown harvested Mxg had the lowest nutrient offtakes of all treatments. Syn55 showed a less marked difference between green and brown harvests likely due to its tendency to retain its leaves over winter. Syn55 was however not tolerant of a green harvest, with yields of brown harvested stands surpassing the yield of green harvested stands in several years. Although Mxg demonstrated consistently high yields when harvested in October, some signs of yield decline were detected in both hybrids when harvested green, which was due to insufficient carbohydrate relocation. Alternating green and brown harvests are recommended to allow stands to replenish carbohydrate stores and to form a litter layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. An Adapted Indicator Framework for Evaluating the Potential Contribution of Bioeconomy Approaches to Agricultural Systems Resilience.
- Author
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Lewandowski, Iris, von Cossel, Moritz, Winkler, Bastian, Bauerle, Andrea, Gaudet, Nicole, Kiesel, Andreas, Lewin, Eva, Magenau, Elena, Marting Vidaurre, Nirvana Angela, Müller, Benedikt, Schlecht, Valentin, Thumm, Ulrich, Trenkner, Marielle, Vargas‐Carpintero, Ricardo, Weickert, Sebastian, Weik, Jan, and Reinmuth, Evelyn
- Subjects
AGRICULTURE ,SUSTAINABLE development ,URBAN agriculture ,SUSTAINABILITY ,PUBLIC goods ,NATURAL resources ,FLOWERING of plants - Abstract
This study reviews a variety of "bioeconomy approaches" (BAs) to assess their potential contribution to resilience in agricultural systems, focusing on benefits that can improve multi‐functionality regarding private and public goods. It is based on Meuwissen et al.'s framework to assess the resilience of farming systems. Drawing on literature and expert knowledge, this indicator framework is adapted to develop a new framework which is then applied to seven contrasting BAs (miscanthus, perennial flowering wild plant mixtures, permanent grassland, nutrient recycling, agrivoltaics, urban agriculture, and microalgae). The major outcomes are: 1) the extended indicator framework can help evaluate BAs for their potential to foster resilience in future agricultural systems, 2) all BAs are characterized by their ability to provide multiple private and public goods simultaneously, 3) the strongest contribution of BAs to public goods is their function in maintaining the good condition of natural resources and resource‐use efficiency, 4) all BAs can enhance resilience in agricultural systems by contributing diversity, multifunctionality, environmental sustainability, and autonomy, 5) the mitigation of potential drawbacks of BAs implementation requires ex‐ante assessment, favorable BAs combinations, and stakeholder involvement, 6) context‐specific analysis of each BAs is required to assess their qualitative and quantitative contribution to resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Optimization of specific methane yield prediction models for biogas crops based on lignocellulosic components using non-linear and crop-specific configurations
- Author
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von Cossel, Moritz, Möhring, Jens, Kiesel, Andreas, and Lewandowski, Iris
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Valorisation of marginal agricultural land in the bioeconomy
- Author
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Kiesel, Andreas, primary, von Cossel, Moritz, additional, Clifton‐Brown, John, additional, and Lewandowski, Iris, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Integrating perennial biomass crops into crop rotations: How to remove miscanthus and switchgrass without glyphosate
- Author
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Lewin, Eva, primary, Kiesel, Andreas, additional, Magenau, Elena, additional, and Lewandowski, Iris, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Methane yield performance of amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) and its suitability for legume intercropping in comparison to maize (Zea mays L.)
- Author
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von Cossel, Moritz, Möhring, Jens, Kiesel, Andreas, and Lewandowski, Iris
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Spring emergence and canopy development strategies in miscanthus hybrids in Mediterranean, continental and maritime European climates
- Author
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Magenau, Elena, Clifton‐Brown, John, Parry, Catherine, Ashman, Chris, Awty‐Carroll, Danny, Ferrarini, Andrea, Kontek, Mislav, Martani, Enrico, Amaducci, Stefano, Davey, Chris, Dolstra, Oene, Jurišić, Vanja, Kam, Jason, Trindade, Luisa M., Lewandowski, Iris, and Kiesel, Andreas
- Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,shoot sprouting ,Forestry ,base temperature ,Plant Breeding ,perennial rhizomatous grass ,thermal time ,Laboratorium voor Plantenveredeling ,miscanthus ,EPS ,number of shoots ,late spring frost ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Settore AGR/02 - AGRONOMIA E COLTIVAZIONI ERBACEE - Abstract
Due to its versatility and storability, biomass is an important resource for renewable materials and energy. Miscanthus hybrids combine high yield potential, low input demand, tolerance of certain marginal land types and several ecosystem benefits. To date, miscanthus breeding has focussed on increasing yield potential by maximising radiation interception through: (1) selection for early emergence, (2) increasing the growth rate to reach canopy closure as fast as possible, and (3) delayed flowering and senescence. The objective of this study is to compare early season re-growth in miscanthus hybrids cultivated across Europe. Determination of differences in early canopy development on end-of-year yield traits is required to provide information for breeding decisions to improve future crop performance. For this purpose, a trial was planted with four miscanthus hybrids (two novel seed-based hybrids M. sinensis × sinensis [M sin × sin] and M. sacchariflorus × sinensis [M sac × sin], a novel rhizome-based M sac × sin and a standard Miscanthus × giganteus [M × g] clone) in the UK, Germany, Croatia and Italy, and was monitored in the third and fourth growing season. We determined differences between the hybrids in base temperature, frost sensitivity and emergence strategy. M × g and M sac × sin mainly emerged from belowground plant organs, producing fewer but thicker shoots at the beginning of the growing season but these shoots were susceptible to air frosts (determined by recording 0°C 2 m above ground surface). By contrast, M sin × sin emerged 10 days earlier, avoiding damage by late spring frosts and producing a high number of thinner shoots from aboveground shoots. Therefore, we recommend cultivating M sac × sin at locations with low risk and M sin × sin at locations with higher risk of late spring frosts. Selecting miscanthus hybrids that produce shoots throughout the vegetation period is an effective strategy to limit the risk of late frost damage and avoid reduction in yield from a shortened growing season.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Perennial biomass cropping and use: shaping the policy ecosystem in European countries
- Author
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Clifton‐Brown, John, Hastings, Astley, von Cossel, Moritz, Murphy‐Bokern, Donal, McCalmont, Jon, Whitaker, Jeanette, Alexopoulou, Efi, Amaducci, Stefano, Andronic, Larisa, Ashman, Christopher, Awty‐Carroll, Danny, Bhatia, Rakesh, Breuer, Lutz, Cosentino, Salvatore, Cracroft‐Eley, William, Donnison, Iain, Elbersen, Berien, Ferrarini, Andrea, Ford, Judith, Greef, Jörg, Ingram, Julie, Lewandowski, Iris, Magenau, Elena, Mos, Michal, Petrick, Martin, Pogrzeba, Marta, Robson, Paul, Rowe, Rebecca L., Sandu, Anatolii, Schwarz, Kai‐Uwe, Scordia, Danilo, Scurlock, Jonathan, Shepherd, Anita, Thornton, Judith, Trindade, Luisa M., Vetter, Sylvia, Wagner, Moritz, Wu, Pei‐Chen, Yamada, Toshihiko, Kiesel, Andreas, Clifton‐Brown, John, Hastings, Astley, von Cossel, Moritz, Murphy‐Bokern, Donal, McCalmont, Jon, Whitaker, Jeanette, Alexopoulou, Efi, Amaducci, Stefano, Andronic, Larisa, Ashman, Christopher, Awty‐Carroll, Danny, Bhatia, Rakesh, Breuer, Lutz, Cosentino, Salvatore, Cracroft‐Eley, William, Donnison, Iain, Elbersen, Berien, Ferrarini, Andrea, Ford, Judith, Greef, Jörg, Ingram, Julie, Lewandowski, Iris, Magenau, Elena, Mos, Michal, Petrick, Martin, Pogrzeba, Marta, Robson, Paul, Rowe, Rebecca L., Sandu, Anatolii, Schwarz, Kai‐Uwe, Scordia, Danilo, Scurlock, Jonathan, Shepherd, Anita, Thornton, Judith, Trindade, Luisa M., Vetter, Sylvia, Wagner, Moritz, Wu, Pei‐Chen, Yamada, Toshihiko, and Kiesel, Andreas
- Abstract
Demand for sustainably produced biomass is expected to increase with the need to provide renewable commodities, improve resource security and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in line with COP26 commitments. Studies have demonstrated additional environmental benefits of using perennial biomass crops (PBCs), when produced appropriately, as a feedstock for the growing bioeconomy, including utilisation for bioenergy (with or without carbon capture and storage). PBCs can potentially contribute to Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) (2023–27) objectives provided they are carefully integrated into farming systems and landscapes. Despite significant research and development (R&D) investment over decades in herbaceous and coppiced woody PBCs, deployment has largely stagnated due to social, economic and policy uncertainties. This paper identifies the challenges in creating policies that are acceptable to all actors. Development will need to be informed by measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) of greenhouse gas emissions reductions and other environmental, economic and social metrics. It discusses interlinked issues that must be considered in the expansion of PBC production: (i) available land; (ii) yield potential; (iii) integration into farming systems; (iv) R&D requirements; (v) utilisation options; and (vi) market systems and the socio-economic environment. It makes policy recommendations that would enable greater PBC deployment: (1) incentivise farmers and land managers through specific policy measures, including carbon pricing, to allocate their less productive and less profitable land for uses which deliver demonstrable greenhouse gas reductions; (2) enable greenhouse gas mitigation markets to develop and offer secure contracts for commercial developers of verifiable low-carbon bioenergy and bioproducts; (3) support innovation in biomass utilisation value chains; and (4) continue long-term, strategic R&D and education for positive environmental, economic and social
- Published
- 2023
16. Novel Miscanthus hybrids: modelling productivity on marginal land in Europe using dynamics of canopy development determined by light interception
- Author
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Shepherd, Anita, Awty‐Carroll, Danny, Kam, Jason, Ashman, Chris, Magenau, Elena, Martani, Enrico, Kontek, Mislav, Ferrarini, Andrea, Amaducci, Stefano, Davey, Chris, Jurišić, Vanja, Petrie, Gert‐Jan, Al Hassan, Mohamad, Lamy, Isabelle, Lewandowski, Iris, de Maupeou, Emmanuel, McCalmont, Jon, Trindade, Luisa, van der Cruijsen, Kasper, van der Pluijm, Philip, Rowe, Rebecca, Lovett, Andrew, Donnison, Iain, Kiesel, Andreas, Clifton‐Brown, John, Hastings, Astley, Shepherd, Anita, Awty‐Carroll, Danny, Kam, Jason, Ashman, Chris, Magenau, Elena, Martani, Enrico, Kontek, Mislav, Ferrarini, Andrea, Amaducci, Stefano, Davey, Chris, Jurišić, Vanja, Petrie, Gert‐Jan, Al Hassan, Mohamad, Lamy, Isabelle, Lewandowski, Iris, de Maupeou, Emmanuel, McCalmont, Jon, Trindade, Luisa, van der Cruijsen, Kasper, van der Pluijm, Philip, Rowe, Rebecca, Lovett, Andrew, Donnison, Iain, Kiesel, Andreas, Clifton‐Brown, John, and Hastings, Astley
- Abstract
New biomass crop hybrids for bioeconomic expansion require yield projections to determine their potential for strategic land use planning in the face of global challenges. Our biomass growth simulation incorporates radiation interception and conversion efficiency. Models often use leaf area to predict interception which is demanding to determine accurately, so instead we use low-cost rapid light interception measurements using a simple laboratory-made line ceptometer and relate the dynamics of canopy closure to thermal time, and to measurements of biomass. We apply the model to project the European biomass potentials of new market-ready hybrids for 2020–2030. Field measurements are easier to collect, the calibration is seasonally dynamic and reduces influence of weather variation between field sites. The model obtained is conservative, being calibrated by crops of varying establishment and varying maturity on less productive (marginal) land. This results in conservative projections of miscanthus hybrids for 2020–2030 based on 10% land use conversion of the least (productive) grassland and arable for farm diversification, which show a European potential of 80.7–89.7 Mt year−1 biomass, with potential for 1.2–1.3 EJ year−1 energy and 36.3–40.3 Mt year−1 carbon capture, with seeded Miscanthus sacchariflorus × sinensis displaying highest yield potential. Simulated biomass projections must be viewed in light of the field measurements on less productive land with high soil water deficits. We are attempting to model the results from an ambitious and novel project combining new hybrids across Europe with agronomy which has not been perfected on less productive sites. Nevertheless, at the time of energy sourcing issues, seed-propagated miscanthus hybrids for the upscaled provision of bioenergy offer an alternative source of renewable energy. If European countries provide incentives for growers to invest, seeded hybrids can improve product availability and biomass yields over
- Published
- 2023
17. Perennial biomass cropping and use : Shaping the policy ecosystem in European countries
- Author
-
Clifton-Brown, John, Hastings, Astley, von Cossel, Moritz, Murphy-Bokern, Donal, McCalmont, Jon, Whitaker, Jeanette, Alexopoulou, Efi, Amaducci, Stefano, Andronic, Larisa, Ashman, Christopher, Awty-Carroll, Danny, Bhatia, Rakesh, Breuer, Lutz, Cosentino, Salvatore, Cracroft-Eley, William, Donnison, Iain, Elbersen, Berien, Ferrarini, Andrea, Ford, Judith, Greef, Jörg, Ingram, Julie, Lewandowski, Iris, Magenau, Elena, Mos, Michal, Petrick, Martin, Pogrzeba, Marta, Robson, Paul, Rowe, Rebecca L., Sandu, Anatolii, Schwarz, Kai Uwe, Scordia, Danilo, Scurlock, Jonathan, Shepherd, Anita, Thornton, Judith, Trindade, Luisa M., Vetter, Sylvia, Wagner, Moritz, Wu, Pei Chen, Yamada, Toshihiko, Kiesel, Andreas, Clifton-Brown, John, Hastings, Astley, von Cossel, Moritz, Murphy-Bokern, Donal, McCalmont, Jon, Whitaker, Jeanette, Alexopoulou, Efi, Amaducci, Stefano, Andronic, Larisa, Ashman, Christopher, Awty-Carroll, Danny, Bhatia, Rakesh, Breuer, Lutz, Cosentino, Salvatore, Cracroft-Eley, William, Donnison, Iain, Elbersen, Berien, Ferrarini, Andrea, Ford, Judith, Greef, Jörg, Ingram, Julie, Lewandowski, Iris, Magenau, Elena, Mos, Michal, Petrick, Martin, Pogrzeba, Marta, Robson, Paul, Rowe, Rebecca L., Sandu, Anatolii, Schwarz, Kai Uwe, Scordia, Danilo, Scurlock, Jonathan, Shepherd, Anita, Thornton, Judith, Trindade, Luisa M., Vetter, Sylvia, Wagner, Moritz, Wu, Pei Chen, Yamada, Toshihiko, and Kiesel, Andreas
- Abstract
Demand for sustainably produced biomass is expected to increase with the need to provide renewable commodities, improve resource security and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in line with COP26 commitments. Studies have demonstrated additional environmental benefits of using perennial biomass crops (PBCs), when produced appropriately, as a feedstock for the growing bioeconomy, including utilisation for bioenergy (with or without carbon capture and storage). PBCs can potentially contribute to Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) (2023–27) objectives provided they are carefully integrated into farming systems and landscapes. Despite significant research and development (R&D) investment over decades in herbaceous and coppiced woody PBCs, deployment has largely stagnated due to social, economic and policy uncertainties. This paper identifies the challenges in creating policies that are acceptable to all actors. Development will need to be informed by measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) of greenhouse gas emissions reductions and other environmental, economic and social metrics. It discusses interlinked issues that must be considered in the expansion of PBC production: (i) available land; (ii) yield potential; (iii) integration into farming systems; (iv) R&D requirements; (v) utilisation options; and (vi) market systems and the socio-economic environment. It makes policy recommendations that would enable greater PBC deployment: (1) incentivise farmers and land managers through specific policy measures, including carbon pricing, to allocate their less productive and less profitable land for uses which deliver demonstrable greenhouse gas reductions; (2) enable greenhouse gas mitigation markets to develop and offer secure contracts for commercial developers of verifiable low-carbon bioenergy and bioproducts; (3) support innovation in biomass utilisation value chains; and (4) continue long-term, strategic R&D and education for positive environmental, economic and social
- Published
- 2023
18. Yield performance of 14 novel inter- and intra-species Miscanthus hybrids across Europe
- Author
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Awty-Carroll, Danny, Magenau, Elena, Al Hassan, Mohamad, Martani, Enrico, Kontek, Mislav, van der Pluijm, Philip, Ashman, Chris, de Maupeou, Emmanuel, McCalmont, Jon, Petrie, Gert Jan, Davey, Chris, van der Cruijsen, Kasper, Jurišić, Vanja, Amaducci, Stefano, Lamy, Isabelle, Shepherd, Anita, Kam, Jason, Hoogendam, Annick, Croci, Michele, Dolstra, Oene, Ferrarini, Andrea, Lewandowski, Iris, Trindade, Luisa M., Kiesel, Andreas, Clifton-Brown, John, Awty-Carroll, Danny, Magenau, Elena, Al Hassan, Mohamad, Martani, Enrico, Kontek, Mislav, van der Pluijm, Philip, Ashman, Chris, de Maupeou, Emmanuel, McCalmont, Jon, Petrie, Gert Jan, Davey, Chris, van der Cruijsen, Kasper, Jurišić, Vanja, Amaducci, Stefano, Lamy, Isabelle, Shepherd, Anita, Kam, Jason, Hoogendam, Annick, Croci, Michele, Dolstra, Oene, Ferrarini, Andrea, Lewandowski, Iris, Trindade, Luisa M., Kiesel, Andreas, and Clifton-Brown, John
- Abstract
Miscanthus, a C4 perennial rhizomatous grass from Asia is a leading candidate for the supply of sustainable biomass needed to grow the bioeconomy. European Miscanthus breeding programmes have recently produced a new range of seeded hybrids with the objective of increasing scalability to large acreages limited by current clonal propagation. For the EU-GRACE project, new replicated field trials were established in seven locations across Europe in 2018 with eight intraspecific M. sinensis hybrids (sin × sin) and six M. sacchariflorus × M. sinensis (sac × sin) from Dutch and UK breeding programmes, respectively, with clonal Miscanthus × giganteus. The planting density of the sin × sin was double that of sac × sin (30,000 & 15,000 plants ha−1), creating commercially relevant upscaling comparisons between systems. Over the first 3 years, the establishment depended on location and hybrid. The mature sin × sin hybrids formed tight tufts of shoots up to 2.5 m tall which flower and senesce earlier than the taller sac × sin hybrids. Following the third growing season, the highest yields were recorded in Northern Italy at a low altitude (average 13.7 (max 21) Mg DM ha−1) and the lowest yielding was on the industrially damaged marginal land site in Northern France (average 7.0 (max 10) Mg DM ha−1). Moisture contents at spring harvest were lowest in Croatia (21.7%) and highest in Wales, UK (41.6%). Overall, lower moisture contents at harvest, which are highly desirable for transport, storage and for most end-use applications, were found in sin × sin hybrids than sac × sin (30% and 40%, respectively). Yield depended on climate interactions with the hybrid and their associated planting systems. The sin × sin hybrids appeared better adapted to northern Europe and sac × sin hybrids to southern Europe. Longer-term yield observations over crop lifespans will be needed to explore the biological (yield persistence) and economic costs and benefits of the different hybrid systems.
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- 2023
19. Social assessment of miscanthus cultivation in Croatia: Assessing farmers' preferences and willingness to cultivate the crop
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Marting Vidaurre, Nirvana A., primary, Jurišić, Vanja, additional, Bieling, Claudia, additional, Magenau, Elena, additional, Wagner, Moritz, additional, Kiesel, Andreas, additional, and Lewandowski, Iris, additional
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- 2023
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20. Perennial biomass cropping and use: shaping the policy ecosystem in European countries
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Clifton‐Brown, John, primary, Hastings, Astley, additional, von Cossel, Moritz, additional, Murphy‐Bokern, Donal, additional, McCalmont, Jon, additional, Whittaker, Jeanette, additional, Alexopoulou, Efi, additional, Amaducci, Stefano, additional, Andronic, Larisa, additional, Ashman, Christopher, additional, Awty‐Carroll, Danny, additional, Bhatia, Rakesh, additional, Breuer, Lutz, additional, Cosentino, Salvatore, additional, Cracroft‐Eley, William, additional, Donnison, Iain, additional, Elbersen, Berien, additional, Ferrarini, Andrea, additional, Ford, Judith, additional, Greef, Jörg, additional, Ingram, Julie, additional, Lewandowski, Iris, additional, Magenau, Elena, additional, Mos, Michal, additional, Petrick, Martin, additional, Pogrzeba, Marta, additional, Robson, Paul, additional, Rowe, Rebecca L., additional, Sandu, Anatolii, additional, Schwarz, Kai‐Uwe, additional, Scordia, Danilo, additional, Scurlock, Jonathan, additional, Shepherd, Anita, additional, Thornton, Judith, additional, Trindade, Luisa M., additional, Vetter, Sylvia, additional, Wagner, Moritz, additional, Wu, Pei‐Chen, additional, Yamada, Toshihiko, additional, and Kiesel, Andreas, additional
- Published
- 2023
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21. Yield performance of 14 novel inter‐ and intra‐species Miscanthus hybrids across Europe
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Awty‐Carroll, Danny, primary, Magenau, Elena, additional, Al Hassan, Mohamad, additional, Martani, Enrico, additional, Kontek, Mislav, additional, van der Pluijm, Philip, additional, Ashman, Chris, additional, de Maupeou, Emmanuel, additional, McCalmont, Jon, additional, Petrie, Gert‐Jan, additional, Davey, Chris, additional, van der Cruijsen, Kasper, additional, Jurišić, Vanja, additional, Amaducci, Stefano, additional, Lamy, Isabelle, additional, Shepherd, Anita, additional, Kam, Jason, additional, Hoogendam, Annick, additional, Croci, Michele, additional, Dolstra, Oene, additional, Ferrarini, Andrea, additional, Lewandowski, Iris, additional, Trindade, Luisa M., additional, Kiesel, Andreas, additional, and Clifton‐Brown, John, additional
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- 2023
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22. Novel Miscanthus hybrids: Modelling productivity on marginal land in Europe using dynamics of canopy development determined by light interception
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Shepherd, Anita, primary, Awty‐Carroll, Danny, additional, Kam, Jason, additional, Ashman, Chris, additional, Magenau, Elena, additional, Martani, Enrico, additional, Kontek, Mislav, additional, Ferrarini, Andrea, additional, Amaducci, Stefano, additional, Davey, Chris, additional, Jurišić, Vanja, additional, Petrie, Gert‐Jan, additional, Al Hassan, Mohamad, additional, Lamy, Isabelle, additional, Lewandowski, Iris, additional, de Maupeou, Emmanuel, additional, McCalmont, Jon, additional, Trindade, Luisa, additional, van der Cruijsen, Kasper, additional, van der Pluijm, Philip, additional, Rowe, Rebecca, additional, Lovett, Andrew, additional, Donnison, Iain, additional, Kiesel, Andreas, additional, Clifton‐Brown, John, additional, and Hastings, Astley, additional
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- 2023
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23. Agrivoltaics: The Environmental Impacts of Combining Food Crop Cultivation and Solar Energy Generation
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Wagner, Moritz, primary, Lask, Jan, additional, Kiesel, Andreas, additional, Lewandowski, Iris, additional, Weselek, Axel, additional, Högy, Petra, additional, Trommsdorff, Max, additional, Schnaiker, Marc-André, additional, and Bauerle, Andrea, additional
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- 2023
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24. Data for yield performance of fourteen novel inter- and intra-species Miscanthus hybrids across Europe
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Awty-Carroll, Danny, Magenau, Elena, Hassan, Mohamad, Martani, Enrico, Kontek, Mislav, van der Pluijm, Philip, Ashman, Chris, de Maupeou, Emmanuel, McCalmont, Jon, Petrie, Gert-Jan, Davey, Chris, van der Cruijsen, Kasper, Jurišić, Vanja, Amaducci, Stefano, Lamy, Isabelle, Shepherd, Anita, Kam, Jason, Hoogendam, Annick, Croci, Michele, Dolstra, Oene, Ferrarini, Andrea, Lewandowski, Iris, Trindade, Luisa, Kiesel, Andreas, and Clifton-Brown, John
- Subjects
M × giganteus ,GRACE ,Miscanthus ,M. sinensis - Abstract
Data used in the paper of the same title
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- 2022
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25. The Effect of Different Agrotechnical Treatments on the Establishment of Miscanthus Hybrids in Soil Contaminated with Trace Metals
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Krzyżak, Jacek, primary, Rusinowski, Szymon, additional, Sitko, Krzysztof, additional, Szada-Borzyszkowska, Alicja, additional, Stec, Radosław, additional, Jensen, Elaine, additional, Clifton-Brown, John, additional, Kiesel, Andreas, additional, Lewin, Eva, additional, Janota, Paulina, additional, and Pogrzeba, Marta, additional
- Published
- 2022
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26. The True Costs and Benefits of Miscanthus Cultivation
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Wagner, Moritz, primary, Winkler, Bastian, additional, Lask, Jan, additional, Weik, Jan, additional, Kiesel, Andreas, additional, Koch, Mirjam, additional, Clifton-Brown, John, additional, and von Cossel, Moritz, additional
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- 2022
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27. Miscanthus
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Lewandowski, Iris, primary, Clifton-Brown, John, additional, Kiesel, Andreas, additional, Hastings, Astley, additional, and Iqbal, Yasir, additional
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- 2018
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28. List of Contributors
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Alexopoulou, Efthymia, primary, Casler, Michael D., additional, Christou, Myrsini, additional, Clifton-Brown, John, additional, Copani, Venera, additional, Cosentino, Salvatore L., additional, Daza Montaño, Claudia M., additional, Donnison, Iain S., additional, Elbersen, H. Wolter, additional, Farrar, Kerrie, additional, Fernando, Ana L., additional, Finnan, John M., additional, Hastings, Astley, additional, Iqbal, Yasir, additional, Jensen, Elaine F., additional, Kiesel, Andreas, additional, Lewandowski, Iris, additional, Lord, Richard, additional, Millioni, Dimitra, additional, Monti, Andrea, additional, Nogues, Salvador, additional, Palmborg, Cecilia, additional, Panoutsou, Calliope, additional, Papazoglou, Eleni G., additional, Pari, Luigi, additional, Rettenmaier, Nils, additional, Sanchez, Elena, additional, Scarfone, Antonio, additional, Scordia, Danilo, additional, Soldatos, Peter, additional, Testa, Giorgio, additional, Valentine, John, additional, van Dam, Jan E.G., additional, van den Berg, Douwe, additional, Zanetti, Federica, additional, and Zegada-Lizarazu, Walter, additional
- Published
- 2018
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29. Site impacts nutrient translocation efficiency in intraspecies and interspecies miscanthus hybrids on marginal lands
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Magenau, Elena, primary, Clifton‐Brown, John, additional, Awty‐Carroll, Danny, additional, Ashman, Chris, additional, Ferrarini, Andrea, additional, Kontek, Mislav, additional, Martani, Enrico, additional, Roderick, Kevin, additional, Amaducci, Stefano, additional, Davey, Chris, additional, Jurišić, Vanja, additional, Kam, Jason, additional, Trindade, Luisa M., additional, Lewandowski, Iris, additional, and Kiesel, Andreas, additional
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- 2022
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30. UAV Remote Sensing for High-Throughput Phenotyping and for Yield Prediction of Miscanthus by Machine Learning Techniques
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Impollonia, Giorgio, primary, Croci, Michele, additional, Ferrarini, Andrea, additional, Brook, Jason, additional, Martani, Enrico, additional, Blandinières, Henri, additional, Marcone, Andrea, additional, Awty-Carroll, Danny, additional, Ashman, Chris, additional, Kam, Jason, additional, Kiesel, Andreas, additional, Trindade, Luisa M., additional, Boschetti, Mirco, additional, Clifton-Brown, John, additional, and Amaducci, Stefano, additional
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- 2022
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31. UAV Remote Sensing for High-Throughput Phenotyping and for Yield Prediction of Miscanthus by Machine Learning Techniques
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Impollonia, Giorgio, Croci, Michele, Ferrarini, Andrea, Brook, Jason, Martani, Enrico, Blandinières, Henri, Marcone, Andrea, Awty-Carroll, Danny, Ashman, Chris, Kam, Jason, Kiesel, Andreas, Trindade, Luisa M., Boschetti, Mirco, Clifton-Brown, John, Amaducci, Stefano, Impollonia, Giorgio, Croci, Michele, Ferrarini, Andrea, Brook, Jason, Martani, Enrico, Blandinières, Henri, Marcone, Andrea, Awty-Carroll, Danny, Ashman, Chris, Kam, Jason, Kiesel, Andreas, Trindade, Luisa M., Boschetti, Mirco, Clifton-Brown, John, and Amaducci, Stefano
- Abstract
Miscanthus holds a great potential in the frame of the bioeconomy, and yield prediction can help improve Miscanthus’ logistic supply chain. Breeding programs in several countries are attempting to produce high-yielding Miscanthus hybrids better adapted to different climates and end-uses. Multispectral images acquired from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in Italy and in the UK in 2021 and 2022 were used to investigate the feasibility of high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) of novel Miscanthus hybrids for yield prediction and crop traits estimation. An intercalibration procedure was performed using simulated data from the PROSAIL model to link vegetation indices (VIs) derived from two different multispectral sensors. The random forest algorithm estimated with good accuracy yield traits (light interception, plant height, green leaf biomass, and standing biomass) using a VIs time series, and predicted yield using a peak descriptor derived from a VIs time series with 2.3 Mg DM ha−1 of the root mean square error (RMSE). The study demonstrates the potential of UAVs’ multispectral images in HTP applications and in yield prediction, providing important information needed to increase sustainable biomass production.
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- 2022
32. Site impacts nutrient translocation efficiency in intraspecies and interspecies miscanthus hybrids on marginal lands
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Magenau, Elena, Clifton-Brown, John, Awty-Carroll, Danny, Ashman, Chris, Ferrarini, Andrea, Kontek, Mislav, Martani, Enrico, Roderick, Kevin, Amaducci, Stefano, Davey, Chris, Jurišić, Vanja, Kam, Jason, Trindade, Luisa M., Lewandowski, Iris, Kiesel, Andreas, Magenau, Elena, Clifton-Brown, John, Awty-Carroll, Danny, Ashman, Chris, Ferrarini, Andrea, Kontek, Mislav, Martani, Enrico, Roderick, Kevin, Amaducci, Stefano, Davey, Chris, Jurišić, Vanja, Kam, Jason, Trindade, Luisa M., Lewandowski, Iris, and Kiesel, Andreas
- Abstract
Miscanthus, a C4 perennial rhizomatous grass, is capable of growing in varied climates and soil types in Europe, including on marginal lands. It can produce high yields with low nutrient inputs when harvested after complete senescence. Senescence induction and rate depend on complex genetic, environmental, and management interactions. To explore these interactions, we analysed four miscanthus hybrids (two novel seed-based hybrids, GRC 3 [Miscanthus sinensis × sinensis] and GRC 14 [M. sacchariflorus × sinensis]; GRC 15, a novel M. sacchariflorus × sinensis clone; and GRC 9, a standard Miscanthus × giganteus clone) in Italy, Croatia, Germany and the UK. Over all trial locations and hybrids, the average aboveground biomass of the 3-year-old stands in August 2020 was 15 t DM ha−1 with nutrient contents of 7.6 mg N g−1 and 14.6 mg K g−1. As expected, delaying the harvest until spring reduced overall yield and nutrient contents (12 t DM ha−1, 3.3 mg N g−1, and 5.5 mg K g−1). At lower latitudes, the late-ripening M. sacchariflorus × sinensis GRC 14 and GRC 15 combined high yields with low nutrient contents. At the most elevated latitude location (UK), the early-ripening M. sinensis × sinensis combined high biomass yields with low nutrient offtakes. The clonal Miscanthus × giganteus with intermediate flowering and senescence attained similar low nutrient contents by spring harvest at all four locations. Seasonal changes in yield and nutrient levels analysed in this study provide: (1) a first step towards recommending hybrids for specific locations and end uses in Europe; (2) crucial data for determination of harvest time and practical steps in the valorization of biomass; and (3) key sustainability data for life cycle assessments. Identification of trade-offs resulting from genetic × environment × management interactions is critical for increasing sustainable biomass supply from miscanthus grown on marginal lands.
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- 2022
33. Evaluation of Miscanthus sinensis biomass quality as feedstock for conversion into different bioenergy products
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van der Weijde, Tim, Kiesel, Andreas, Iqbal, Yasir, Muylle, Hilde, Dolstra, Oene, Visser, Richard G. F., Lewandowski, Iris, and Trindade, Luisa M.
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- 2017
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34. Miscanthus as biogas substrate – cutting tolerance and potential for anaerobic digestion
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Kiesel, Andreas and Lewandowski, Iris
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- 2017
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35. Progress in upscaling Miscanthus biomass production for the European bio‐economy with seed‐based hybrids
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CliftonBrown, John, Hastings, Astley, Mos, Michal, McCalmont, Jon P., Ashman, Chris, AwtyCarroll, Danny, Cerazy, Joanna, Chiang, YuChung, Cosentino, Salvatore, CracroftEley, William, Scurlock, Jonathan, Donnison, Iain S., Glover, Chris, Gołąb, Izabela, Greef, Jörg M., Gwyn, Jeff, Harding, Graham, Hayes, Charlotte, Helios, Waldemar, Hsu, TsaiWen, Huang, Lin S., Jeżowski, Stanisław, Kim, DoSoon, Kiesel, Andreas, Kotecki, Andrzej, Krzyzak, Jacek, Lewandowski, Iris, Lim, Soo Hyun, Liu, Jianxiu, Loosely, Marc, Meyer, Heike, MurphyBokern, Donal, Nelson, Walter, Pogrzeba, Marta, Robinson, George, Robson, Paul, Rogers, Charlie, Scalici, Giovanni, Schuele, Heinrich, Shafiei, Reza, Shevchuk, Oksana, Schwarz, KaiUwe, Squance, Michael, Swaller, Tim, Thornton, Judith, Truckses, Thomas, Botnari, Vasile, Vizir, Igor, Wagner, Moritz, Warren, Robin, Webster, Richard, Yamada, Toshihiko, Youell, Sue, Xi, Qingguo, Zong, Junqin, and Flavell, Richard
- Published
- 2017
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36. The Effect of Different Agrotechnical Treatments on the Establishment of Miscanthus Hybrids in Soil Contaminated with Trace Metals.
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Krzyżak, Jacek, Rusinowski, Szymon, Sitko, Krzysztof, Szada-Borzyszkowska, Alicja, Stec, Radosław, Jensen, Elaine, Clifton-Brown, John, Kiesel, Andreas, Lewin, Eva, Janota, Paulina, and Pogrzeba, Marta
- Subjects
TRACE metals ,MISCANTHUS ,PLASTIC mulching ,SOIL solutions ,TRACE elements ,GROWING season - Abstract
Climate change and man-made pollution can have a negative impact on the establishment of Miscanthus plants in the field. This is particularly important because biomass can be produced on marginal land without conflicting with food crops. The establishment success depends on the hybrid chosen, the cultivation method, the climatic conditions, and the concentration of pollutants in the soil. There are several ways to increase the survival rate of the plants during the first growing season and after the first winter. One of them is the application of biochar and photodegradable plastic mulch, which can provide a solution for soils polluted with trace elements (TMEs). The aim of this study was to investigate the application of plastic mulch and biochar separately and in combination at the planting stage for two Miscanthus hybrids planted by the rhizome method (TV1) and seedling plugs (GNT43) on soils contaminated with trace metal elements (Pb, Cd, Zn). TV1 seems unsuitable for TME-contaminated field cultivation, as the survival rate was <60% in most treatments studied. The selected treatments did not increase the survival rate. Furthermore, the application of plastic mulch in combination with biochar resulted in a significant reduction of this parameter, regardless of the hybrid studied. The applied agrotechnology did not influence the TME accumulation in the aboveground plant parts in TV1, while Pb and Cd in GNT43 showed significantly higher values in all treatments. Contrary to expectations, biochar and plastic mulch applied separately and together neither increased survival nor reduced the accumulation of toxic TMEs during establishment on soil contaminated with TMEs and after the first growing season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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37. Influence of cutting height on biomass yield and quality of miscanthus genotypes
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Magenau, Elena, primary, Kiesel, Andreas, additional, Clifton‐Brown, John, additional, and Lewandowski, Iris, additional
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- 2021
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38. A parsimonious model for calculating the greenhouse gas emissions of miscanthus cultivation using current commercial practice in the United Kingdom
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Lask, Jan, primary, Kam, Jason, additional, Weik, Jan, additional, Kiesel, Andreas, additional, Wagner, Moritz, additional, and Lewandowski, Iris, additional
- Published
- 2021
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39. Lignocellulosic ethanol production combined with CCS—A study of GHG reductions and potential environmental trade‐offs
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Lask, Jan, primary, Rukavina, Slavica, additional, Zorić, Ivana, additional, Kam, Jason, additional, Kiesel, Andreas, additional, Lewandowski, Iris, additional, and Wagner, Moritz, additional
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- 2020
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40. Bridging the Gap Between Biofuels and Biodiversity Through Monetizing Environmental Services ofMiscanthusCultivation
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Von Cossel, Moritz, primary, Winkler, Bastian, additional, Mangold, Anja, additional, Lask, Jan, additional, Wagner, Moritz, additional, Lewandowski, Iris, additional, Elbersen, Berien, additional, Eupen, Michiel, additional, Mantel, Stephan, additional, and Kiesel, Andreas, additional
- Published
- 2020
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41. Perennial rhizomatous grasses: Can they really increase species richness and abundance in arable land?—A meta‐analysis
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Lask, Jan, primary, Magenau, Elena, additional, Ferrarini, Andrea, additional, Kiesel, Andreas, additional, Wagner, Moritz, additional, and Lewandowski, Iris, additional
- Published
- 2020
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42. The potential of miscanthus as biogas feedstock
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Kiesel, Andreas
- Subjects
Schnittverträglichkeit ,LCA ,Umweltbilanz ,Biogas ,Agriculture ,Miscanthus ,nutrient relocation ,Energiebilanz ,Grünschnitt ,ddc:630 ,cutting tolerance ,green harvest ,Potenzialanalyse ,Ertragssicherheit ,Nährstoffrückverlagerung - Abstract
Of all renewable energy forms, biomass accounts for the by far largest proportion of gross inland energy consumption in Europe. As the biogas sector in particular can provide demand-driven electricity generation, energy storage and flexible utilization options including biofuels, it is likely to play an important role in future energy systems in future. In Germany, the largest biogas market in Europe, energy crops provide the highest proportion of biogas input substrates, with maize being the most dominant. The environmental impact of biogas production is mainly attributed to energy crop production, with the risks of maize cultivation being particularly criticized. Perennial biomass crops have the potential to reduce the environmental impact of the biogas sector and miscanthus is an especially promising candidate crop due to its high yields. However, preliminary observations have indicated that the green harvest of miscanthus necessary for biogas production leads to a strong yield depression in the subsequent year. The aim of this thesis was to determine and understand the mechanisms influencing the green-cut tolerance of miscanthus and to assess the potential of different green-harvest regimes for biogas production. Here, green-cut tolerance is defined as the crops ability to regrow in the year after the green harvest is performed without yield depression. A further aim of this thesis was to investigate the environmental performance of miscanthus-based biogas production and to determine its energy efficiency compared to other utilization options. Field trials were conducted to assess the potential of miscanthus hybrids for biogas production, the green-cut tolerance of Miscanthus x giganteus (Mxg), and how both are influenced by management practices (harvest regime x nitrogen fertilization). A Life-Cycle Assessment was performed to evaluate the environmental impact of biogas production from perennial C4 grasses, including miscanthus, and to assess the optimization potential compared to the standard biogas crop maize. The suitability of miscanthus biomass was investigated for the utilization options bioethanol, biogas and combustion, and the energy efficiency of these was compared based on their net energy yield. The results revealed that Mxg harvested in October showed the highest average biomass yield, the highest methane yield (approx. 6000 m3 methane ha-1) of all harvest regimes, and a higher substrate-specific methane (SMY) yield than for biomass harvested after winter. An earlier green harvest (July, August) improved the SMY, but led to a sharp biomass and thus methane yield decline in the second year and was identified as unsuitable for Mxg. As increased nitrogen fertilization showed no effect on the yield in any of the harvest regimes, it can be disregarded as a management practice for improving green-cut tolerance. Instead, harvest date was found to have a strong influence on green-cut tolerance and sufficient time for relocation of carbohydrates needs to be allowed before a green cut is performed. This finding is crucial for the utilization of miscanthus biomass harvested green and also for the breeding of new varieties with improved green-cut tolerance. Breeding targets for optimized biogas varieties should include to increase the SMY and biomass yield and to widen the possible harvest window. Selecting genotypes that relocate carbohydrates to the rhizomes earlier would allow an earlier green harvest without yield decline the following year, but this may involve a trade-off with the SMY. The suitability of miscanthus for the utilization options assessed was found to be influenced by biomass composition, which in turn was affected by genotype and harvest date. Lignin content had a negative effect on biomass quality for biogas and bioethanol production and increased with later harvest dates. Hemicellulose had a positive effect on biomass quality for bioethanol production through the improvement of the saccharification potential. Low ash, potassium and chloride content enhanced biomass quality for combustion by increasing the ash melting temperatures and decreased with a delay in harvest to after winter. For the biogas and bioethanol utilization pathways, novel miscanthus varieties with low lignin content need to be developed, whereas for combustion varieties with a high lignin content are more favourable. The Life Cycle Assessment revealed that the use of miscanthus has a high potential to reduce the environmental impacts of biogas crop production and thus the biogas sector. Miscanthus had a more favourable performance than the annual biogas crop maize in each impact category considered and the highest reduction potential compared to the fossil reference in the impact categories climate change, fossil fuel depletion and marine eutrophication. The choice of biomass utilization pathway had a considerable effect on the energy yield per unit area, with combustion showing the overall highest energy yield potential for electricity production. However, for the combustion pathway, miscanthus is generally harvested after winter and this is accompanied by biomass yield losses of 35% compared to peak yield. In the biogas pathway, miscanthus can be harvested close to peak yield, leading to an only 10% lower energy yield than that of combustion. When considering the use of miscanthus for biofuel production, the highest area efficiency was found for the direct use of biomethane, followed by battery electric vehicles fuelled by electricity from biomass combustion, and the lowest for the direct use of bioethanol. However, the low conversion efficiency of bioethanol production did not consider energy generation from by-products. In this thesis it was determined that the green-cut tolerance of miscanthus is influenced by the carbohydrate relocation to the rhizomes and thus by harvest date. Miscanthus harvested in October shows a high potential as feedstock for biogas production due to its high yield and sufficient digestibility, can help improve the biogas sectors environmental performance and contribute to an increase in greenhouse gas mitigation. The digestibility of miscanthus biomass for biogas production could be improved by breeding and selecting genotypes with low lignin contents and by applying suitable pretreatment methods. Increased digestibility could also help to overcome potential trade-offs between early carbohydrate relocation and SMY. The efficiency of biomass utilization greatly depends on the utilization option, with a high efficiency being identified for biomethane as a transportation fuel and for peak-load power generation. It was shown that miscanthus is a suitable crop for the provision of sustainably produced biomass as a feedstock for the growing European bioeconomy that provides additional ecosystem services, e.g. groundwater and surface water protection. Von allen Erneuerbaren Energieträgern stellt Biomasse den weitaus größten Anteil am Bruttoinlandsenergieverbrauch in Europa. Der Biogassektor wird voraussichtlich im zukünftigen Energiesystem eine wesentliche Rolle spielen, da dieser die Möglichkeit einer bedarfsorientierten Stromerzeugung, Energiespeicherung und flexiblen Nutzung, einschließlich Biokraftstoffen, bietet. In Deutschland, dem größten Biogasmarkt in Europa, stellen Energiepflanzen den höchsten Anteil an den Biogas Einsatzsubstraten, wobei Mais hier eine dominierende Rolle einnimmt. Ein großer Teil der Umweltauswirkungen der Biogaserzeugung sind auf den Energiepflanzenanbau zurückzuführen, wobei die Risiken des Maisanbaus besonders kritisiert werden. Mehrjährige Biomassepflanzen haben das Potenzial die Umweltauswirkungen des Biogassektors zu verringern und Miscanthus ist aufgrund seines hohen Ertragspotenzials besonders vielversprechend. Erste Beobachtungen haben jedoch gezeigt, dass die für die Biogaserzeugung notwendige Grünernte von Miscanthus im Folgejahr zu starken Ertragseinbußen führen kann. Ziel dieser Dissertation ist es, die zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen der Grünschnitt-Toleranz bei Miscanthus zu erforschen und das Potenzial verschiedener Grünernte-Regime für die Biogaserzeugung zu bewerten. Die Grünschnitt-Toleranz wird hier definiert als die Fähigkeit der Kulturpflanze im Jahr nach Grünernte ohne Ertragseinbruch wieder aufzuwachsen. Ein weiteres Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Umweltauswirkungen der Miscanthus-basierten Biogaserzeugung und deren Energieeffizienz im Vergleich zu anderen Nutzungsmöglichkeiten zu untersuchen. Es wurden Feldversuche durchgeführt, in denen das Potenzial von verschiedenen Miscanthus Hybriden für die Biogaserzeugung, die Grünschnitt-Toleranz von Miscanthus x giganteus (Mxg) und der Einfluss des pflanzenbaulichen Managements (Ernteregime x Stickstoffdüngung) untersucht wurde. Die Umweltauswirkungen der Biogaserzeugung aus mehrjährigen C4 Gräsern, einschließlich Miscanthus, wurden im Rahmen einer Ökobilanz untersucht und das Optimierungspotenzial im Vergleich zur Standard Biogaspflanze Mais bewertet. Die Eignung von Miscanthus Biomasse für verschiedene Verwertungsoptionen, einschließlich Bioethanol, Biogas und Verbrennung, wurde untersucht und die Energieeffizienz dieser Verwertungsoptionen anhand ihres Energieertrages miteinander verglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Ernte im Oktober bei Mxg den höchsten durchschnittlichen Biomasseertrag und den höchsten Methanertrag (ca. 6000 m3 Methan ha-1) aller Ernteregime lieferte, sowie die Biomasse einen höheren substratspezifischen Methanertrag (SMY) als bei der Frühjahrsernte im März aufwies. Eine frühere Grünernte (Juli, August) verbesserte den SMY, führte jedoch im zweiten Jahr zu einem starken Einbruch des Biomasseertrages und damit auch des Methanertrages. Eine Grünernte zu einem früheren Erntezeitpunkt wurde daher als ungeeignet für Mxg identifiziert. Eine erhöhte Stickstoffdüngung beeinflusste in keinem Ernteregime den Ertrag und stellt daher keine geeignete Managementpraxis zur Verbesserung der Grünschnitt-Toleranz dar. Stattdessen wurde festgestellt, dass das Erntedatum einen starken Einfluss auf die Grünschnitt-Toleranz hat. Die Ernte muss hierbei im Spätherbst erfolgen, um der Pflanze ausreichend Zeit für die Einlagerung von Kohlenhydraten in die Rhizome zu ermöglichen. Dies ist eine entscheidende Erkenntnis für die Verwertung von grün geernteter Miscanthus Biomasse und für die Züchtung neuer Sorten mit verbesserter Grünschnitt-Toleranz. Züchtungsziele für optimierte Biogas-Sorten sollten darauf ausgerichtet werden den SMY und den Biomasseertrag zu erhöhen und das mögliche Erntefenster zu erweitern. Die Auswahl von Genotypen, die Kohlenhydrate früher im Rhizom einlagern, würde eine frühere Grünernte ohne Ertragseinbruch im Folgejahr ermöglichen, könnte jedoch den SMY negativ beeinflussen. Die Eignung von Miscanthus für die betrachteten Nutzungsmöglichkeiten wurde durch die Biomasse-Zusammensetzung beeinflusst, welche wiederum abhängig vom Genotyp und Erntedatum war. Ein hoher Ligningehalt in der Biomasse wirkte sich negativ auf die Produktion von Biogas und Bioethanol aus und spätere Erntetermine führten zu höheren Ligningehalten. Hemicellulose bewirkte eine Verbesserung des Verzuckerungspotentials und erhöhte so die Qualität der Biomasse für die Bioethanolproduktion. Ein niedriger Gehalt an Asche, Kalium und Chlorid verbesserte die Qualität der Biomasse für die Verbrennung durch Erhöhung der Ascheschmelztemperaturen und eine spätere Ernte nach dem Winter führte zu einer Verringerung dieser Bestandteile. Für die Verwertungswege Biogas und Bioethanol empfiehlt es sich neue Miscanthus Sorten mit niedrigerem Ligningehalt zu entwickeln, während für die Verbrennung Sorten mit hohem Ligningehalt günstiger sind. Die Ökobilanz ergab, dass der Einsatz von Miscanthus ein hohes Potenzial zur Verringerung der Umweltauswirkungen der Biogasproduktion und damit des Biogassektors aufweist. Miscanthus schnitt in jeder betrachteten Wirkungskategorie besser ab als der Anbau von Mais und zeigte das höchste Reduktionspotential im Vergleich zur fossilen Referenz in den Wirkungskategorien Klimawandel, fossiler Ressourcenverbrauch und marine Eutrophierung. Die Wahl der Biomassenutzung hatte einen erheblichen Einfluss auf den Energieertrag pro Flächeneinheit, wobei die Verbrennung das insgesamt höchste Energieertragspotenzial für die Stromerzeugung aufweist. Für die Verbrennung wird Miscanthus jedoch in der Regel nach dem Winter geerntet, was mit Biomasseertragsverlusten von 35% im Vergleich zum Maximalertrag einhergeht. Für die Biogasnutzung kann Miscanthus annähernd zum Zeitpunkt des Maximalertrages geerntet werden, was in der Summe zu einem nur 10% niedrigeren Energieertrag als bei der Verbrennung führt. Bei der Verwendung von Miscanthus zur Herstellung von Biokraftstoffen wurde die höchste Flächeneffizienz für die direkte Verwendung von Biomethan ermittelt, gefolgt von batteriebetriebenen Elektrofahrzeugen, die mit Strom aus Biomasseverbrennung betrieben werden. Die direkte Verwendung von Bioethanol wies die niedrigste Flächeneffizienz auf. Allerdings wurde hierbei nicht die Energieerzeugung aus Nebenprodukten berücksichtigt, was bei der Bioethanolproduktion die Umwandlungseffizienz verbessern könnte. In dieser Arbeit wurde festgestellt, dass die Grünschnitt-Toleranz von Miscanthus durch das Erntedatum und durch die Rückverlagerung von Kohlenhydraten in die Rhizome beeinflusst wird. Im Oktober geernteter Miscanthus weist aufgrund des hohen Biomasse Ertrages und der ausreichenden Verdaulichkeit ein hohes Potenzial für den Einsatz in der Biogaserzeugung auf und kann zur Verringerung der Umweltauswirkungen und zur Minderung der Treibhausgas Emissionen des Biogassektors beitragen. Die Abbaubarkeit der Miscanthus Biomasse im Biogasprozess kann weiter verbessert werden, indem Genotypen mit niedrigerem Ligningehalt gezüchtet und geeignete Vorbehandlungsmethoden angewendet werden. Eine verbesserte Verdaulichkeit könnte auch dazu beitragen, mögliche negative Rückkopplungseffekte zwischen einer frühen Kohlenhydrat Rückverlagerung und dem SMY zu vermindern. Die Effizienz der Biomassenutzung hängt stark von der Nutzungsoption ab, wobei die direkte Nutzung von Biomethan als Kraftstoff und die Spitzenlast-Stromerzeugung hierbei hervorzuheben sind. Es wurde gezeigt, dass Miscanthus eine geeignete Pflanze für die Bereitstellung von nachhaltigerer erzeugter Biomasse für die wachsende europäische Bioökonomie ist, die zusätzliche Ökosystemdienstleistungen erbringt, z.B. Schutz des Grundwasser- und Oberflächengewässerschutz.
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- 2020
43. Bridging the Gap Between Biofuels and Biodiversity Through Monetizing Environmental Services of Miscanthus Cultivation
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Von Cossel, Moritz, Winkler, Bastian, Mangold, Anja, Lask, Jan, Wagner, Moritz, Lewandowski, Iris, Elbersen, Berien, van Eupen, Michiel, Mantel, Stephan, Kiesel, Andreas, Von Cossel, Moritz, Winkler, Bastian, Mangold, Anja, Lask, Jan, Wagner, Moritz, Lewandowski, Iris, Elbersen, Berien, van Eupen, Michiel, Mantel, Stephan, and Kiesel, Andreas
- Abstract
Carbon neutrality in the transport sector is a key challenge for the growing bioeconomy as the share of biofuels has stagnated over the past decade. This can be attributed to basic economics and a lack of a robust market for these technologies. Consequently, more sustainable biomass supply concepts are required that reduce negative impacts on the environment and at the same time promote environmental services for sustainable agricultural cropping systems including erosion prevention, soil fertility improvement, greenhouse gas mitigation, and carbon sequestration. One promising concept is the cultivation of perennial biomass crops such as Miscanthus (Miscanthus Andersson) as biofuel feedstock. In this study, the multiple environmental services provided by Miscanthus are first explored and subsequently monetized. Then the integration of Miscanthus cultivation for biomass production into European agricultural systems is assessed. One hectare of Miscanthus provides society with environmental services to a value of 1,200 to 4,183 € a−1. These services are even more pronounced when cultivation takes place on marginal agricultural land. The integration of Miscanthus into existing agricultural practices aids both conservation and further optimization of socio-economic welfare and landscape diversification. As these environmental services are more beneficial to the public than the Miscanthus farmers, subsidies are required to close the gap between biofuels and biodiversity that are calculated based on the provision of environmental services. Similar approaches to that developed in this study may be suitable for the implementation of other biomass cropping systems and therefore help foster the transition to a bioeconomy.
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- 2020
44. 2 - Miscanthus
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Lewandowski, Iris, Clifton-Brown, John, Kiesel, Andreas, Hastings, Astley, and Iqbal, Yasir
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- 2018
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45. Methane yield and species diversity dynamics of perennial wild plant mixtures established alone, under cover crop maize ( Zea mays L.), and after spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)
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Cossel, Moritz, primary, Steberl, Kathrin, additional, Hartung, Jens, additional, Pereira, Lorena A., additional, Kiesel, Andreas, additional, and Lewandowski, Iris, additional
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- 2019
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46. How can miscanthus fields be reintegrated into a crop rotation?
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Mangold, Anja, primary, Lewandowski, Iris, additional, and Kiesel, Andreas, additional
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- 2019
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47. How to Generate Yield in the First Year—A Three-Year Experiment on Miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus (Greef et Deuter)) Establishment under Maize (Zea mays L.)
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von Cossel, Moritz, primary, Mangold, Anja, additional, Iqbal, Yasir, additional, Hartung, Jens, additional, Lewandowski, Iris, additional, and Kiesel, Andreas, additional
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- 2019
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48. Miscanthus for biogas production: Influence of harvest date and ensiling on digestibility and methane hectare yield
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Mangold, Anja, primary, Lewandowski, Iris, additional, Hartung, Jens, additional, and Kiesel, Andreas, additional
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- 2019
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49. Lignocellulosic ethanol production combined with CCS—A study of GHG reductions and potential environmental trade‐offs.
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Lask, Jan, Rukavina, Slavica, Zorić, Ivana, Kam, Jason, Kiesel, Andreas, Lewandowski, Iris, and Wagner, Moritz
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REDUCTION potential ,CARBON sequestration ,ETHANOL ,FOSSIL plants ,PETROLEUM reservoirs ,CELLULOSE ,LIGNOCELLULOSE - Abstract
The combination of bioethanol production and carbon capture and storage technologies (BECCS) is considered an indispensable method for the achievement of the targets set by the Paris agreement. In Croatia, a first‐of‐its‐kind biorefinery project is currently underway that aims to integrate a second‐generation ethanol plant into an existing fossil refinery. The goal is to replace the fossil fuel production by second‐generation ethanol production using miscanthus. In the ethanol fermentation, CO2 is emitted in highly concentrated form and this can be directly compressed, injected and stored in exploited oil reservoirs. This study presents an assessment of the greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction potential of miscanthus ethanol produced in combination with CCS technology, based on data from the planning process of this biorefinery project. The GHG reduction potential is evaluated as part of a full environmental life cycle assessment. This is of particular relevance as a lignocellulosic ethanol industry is currently emerging in the European Union (EU) and LCAs of BECCS systems have, so far, often omitted environmental impacts other than GHG emissions. Overall, the ethanol to be produced in this planned biorefinery project would clearly achieve the EU's global warming potential (GWP) reduction target for biofuels. Depending on the accounting approach applied for the biological carbon storage, reduction potentials between 104% and 138% relative to the fossil comparator are likely. In addition, ethanol can reduce risks to resource availability. As such, the results generated from data based on the intended biorefinery project support the two major rationales for biofuel use. However, these reductions could come at the expense of human health and ecosystem quality impacts associated with the combustion of lignin and biogas. In order to prevent potential environmental trade‐offs, it will be imperative to monitor and manage these emissions from residue combustion, as they represent significant drivers of the overall environmental impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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50. Breeding progress and preparedness for mass‐scale deployment of perennial lignocellulosic biomass crops switchgrass, miscanthus, willow and poplar
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Clifton‐Brown, John, primary, Harfouche, Antoine, additional, Casler, Michael D., additional, Dylan Jones, Huw, additional, Macalpine, William J., additional, Murphy‐Bokern, Donal, additional, Smart, Lawrence B., additional, Adler, Anneli, additional, Ashman, Chris, additional, Awty‐Carroll, Danny, additional, Bastien, Catherine, additional, Bopper, Sebastian, additional, Botnari, Vasile, additional, Brancourt‐Hulmel, Maryse, additional, Chen, Zhiyong, additional, Clark, Lindsay V., additional, Cosentino, Salvatore, additional, Dalton, Sue, additional, Davey, Chris, additional, Dolstra, Oene, additional, Donnison, Iain, additional, Flavell, Richard, additional, Greef, Joerg, additional, Hanley, Steve, additional, Hastings, Astley, additional, Hertzberg, Magnus, additional, Hsu, Tsai‐Wen, additional, Huang, Lin S., additional, Iurato, Antonella, additional, Jensen, Elaine, additional, Jin, Xiaoli, additional, Jørgensen, Uffe, additional, Kiesel, Andreas, additional, Kim, Do‐Soon, additional, Liu, Jianxiu, additional, McCalmont, Jon P., additional, McMahon, Bernard G., additional, Mos, Michal, additional, Robson, Paul, additional, Sacks, Erik J., additional, Sandu, Anatolii, additional, Scalici, Giovanni, additional, Schwarz, Kai, additional, Scordia, Danilo, additional, Shafiei, Reza, additional, Shield, Ian, additional, Slavov, Gancho, additional, Stanton, Brian J., additional, Swaminathan, Kankshita, additional, Taylor, Gail, additional, Torres, Andres F., additional, Trindade, Luisa M., additional, Tschaplinski, Timothy, additional, Tuskan, Gerald A., additional, Yamada, Toshihiko, additional, Yeon Yu, Chang, additional, Zalesny, Ronald S., additional, Zong, Junqin, additional, and Lewandowski, Iris, additional
- Published
- 2018
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