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Summary Obesity and sarcopenic obesity (SO) are characterized by excess body fat with or without low muscle mass affecting bio‐psycho‐social health, functioning, and subsequently quality of life in older adults. We mapped outcomes addressed in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on lifestyle interventions in community‐dwelling older people with (sarcopenic) obesity. Systematic searches in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Web of Science were conducted. Two reviewers independently performed screening and extracted data on outcomes, outcome domains, assessment methods, units, and measurement time. A bubble chart and heat maps were generated to visually display results. Fifty‐four RCTs (7 in SO) reporting 464 outcomes in the outcome domains: physical function (n = 42), body composition/anthropometry (n = 120), biomarkers (n = 190), physiological (n = 30), psychological (n = 47), quality of life (n = 14), pain (n = 4), sleep (n = 2), medications (n = 3), and risk of adverse health events (n = 5) were included. Heterogeneity in terms of outcome definition, assessment methods, measurement units, and measurement times was found. Psychological and quality of life domains were investigated in a minority of studies. There is almost no information beyond 52 weeks. This evidence map is the first step of a harmonization process to improve comparability of RCTs in older people with (sarcopenic) obesity and facilitate the derivation of evidence‐based clinical decisions.

Older people are considered to have a relatively high level of nutritional awareness. However, it is not yet known which importance they attach to individual aspects of a healthy diet. Using standardized questionnaires, 159 healthy seniors (78 ± 3 years, 50% female) were asked about the importance of and attention to 15 nutritional aspects and about their usual food consumption. The recommendation "drinking 1–1.5 liters a day" was rated most frequently as "very important" (69.8%), while "not eating too little" and "eating legumes" were rated least frequently (10.1% each). There was a high level of agreement between rating of importance and attention, with high ratings of importance more common across the board. For most nutritional aspects, ratings of importance or attention were also reflected in reported food intake. The discrepancies identified between rating and attention imply that, in addition to purely imparting knowledge, nutrition education and counseling should also address the possibilities for implementing nutrition aspects in everyday life.

Background & aims: Malnutrition is widespread among older people and related to poor outcome. Reported prevalences vary widely, also because of different diagnostic criteria used. This study aimed to describe prevalences in several populations of older persons in different settings using harmonized definitions. Methods: Available studies within the Joint Programming Initiative (JPI) Knowledge Hub ‘Malnutrition in the Elderly’ (MaNuEL) were used to calculate and compare prevalences of malnutrition indicators: low BMI (2 ; age-specific BMI 2 if age ≥70 years), previous weight loss (WL), moderate and severe decrease in food intake, and combined BMI 2 and/or WL in participants aged ≥65 years. Results: Fifteen samples with in total 5956 participants (59.3% women) were included: 7 consisting of community-dwelling persons, 2 studies in geriatric day hospitals, 3 studies in hospitalized patients and 3 in nursing homes. Mean age of participants ranged between 67 and 87 years. Up to 4.2% of community-dwelling persons had a BMI 2 , 1.6 and 9% of geriatric day hospital patients, 4.5–9.4% of hospital patients and 3.8–18.2% of nursing home residents. Using age-specific cut-offs doubled these prevalences. WL was reported in 2.3–10.5% of community-dwelling persons, 6% and 12.6% of geriatric day hospital patients, 5–14% of hospitalized patients and 4.5–7.7% of nursing home residents. Severe decrease in food intake was recorded in up to 9.6% of community-dwelling persons, 1.5% and 12% of geriatric day hospital patients, 3.4–34.2% of hospitalized patients and 1.5–8.2% of nursing home residents. The criteria age-specific BMI and WL showed opposing prevalences across all settings. Compared to women, low BMI and moderate decrease in food intake showed low prevalences in men but similar prevalences were observed for weight loss and severe decrease in food intake. In half of the study samples, participants in a younger age group had a higher prevalence of WL compared to those of an older age group. Prevalence of BMI 2 and WL at the same time did not exceed 2.6% in all samples. The highest prevalences were observed based on combined definitions when only one of the three criteria had to be present. Conclusions: Prevalences for different criteria vary between and within the settings which might be explained by varying functional status. The criteria used strongly affect prevalence and it may be preferable to look at each criterion separately as each may indicate a nutritional problem.

Bei älteren Personen mit Adipositas erhalten multimodale Lebensstilinterventionen die FFM und verbessern die körperliche Funktion, was für den Erhalt der Selbständigkeit einen besonderen Beitrag leisten kann.