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5. Current khat (Catha edulis F.) use among Ethiopian women and its association with anemia and underweight: A cross-sectional analysis from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey.

Author

Amaha, Nebyu Daniel, Kifle, Meron Mehari, and Mebrahtu, Samson Goitom

Subjects
*ETHIOPIANS, *DEMOGRAPHIC surveys, *CROSS-sectional method, *HEALTH surveys, *KHAT, *RURAL women
Abstract

Background: Chewing fresh leaves of Catha edulis (khat) is a popular pastime activity among Ethiopians where 12% women chew it. Reports show that khat use has been associated with poor nutritional status. This study aimed to determine whether khat chewing is linked to underweight and anemia. Method: We analyzed data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). The EDHS used two stage stratified cluster sampling to collected data from 16,650 households. We used data from a total of 15,683 respondents and 1904 respondents who chewed ever chewed khat in their lives. We used Pearson's chi-square, and logistic regression while stratifying by residence (urban vs rural) to control for confounders. Result: Our results indicated 10.7% (95%CI: 10.92,11.26) of women chewed khat for an average of 16.5 days in the previous month. A woman's current khat chewing status was significantly associated with age, educational level, region, religion, wealth group, and marital status. Women aged 40–44 were significantly more likely to chew (AOR = 2.89,) compared to those aged 15–19. Compared with Protestant women, Muslim women were 210 times more likely (AOR = 210, 95% CI 102,435.7) to chew and women in the poorest wealth quintile had 73% higher odds (AOR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.22,2.44) of chewing khat when compared with the richest. Anemia was not associated with a woman's chewing status, whereas rural women who chewed khat for more than 26 days in a month had a 78% increased risk (OR = 1.78) of being underweight when compared to non-chewers. Conclusion: Khat chewing is associated with sociodemographic factors and current khat use is associated with a higher risk of underweight among women living in rural areas. Implementing targeted awareness campaigns for women about the risks of khat chewing is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Nonpharmaceutical interventions reduce the incidence and mortality of COVID-19: A study based on the survey from the International COVID-19 Research Network (ICRN)

Author

Park, Seung Hyun, Hong, Sung Hwi, Kim, Kwanghyun, Lee, Seung Won, Yon, Dong Keon, Jung, Sun Jae, Abdeen, Ziad, Abou Ghayda, Ramy, Ahmed, Mohamed Lemine Cheikh Brahim, Al Serouri, Abdulwahed, Al-Herz, Waleed, Al-Shamsi, Humaid O., Ali, Sheeza, Ali, Kosar, Baatarkhuu, Oidov, Nielsen, Henning Bay, Bernini-Carri, Enrico, Bondarenko, Anastasiia, Cassell, Ayun, Cham, Akway, Chua, Melvin L. K., Dadabhai, Sufia, Darre, Tchin, Davtyan, Hayk, Dragioti, Elena, East, Barbora, Edwards, Robert Jeffrey, Ferioli, Martina, Georgiev, Tsvetoslav, Ghandour, Lilian A., Harapan, Harapan, Hsueh, Po-Ren, Mallah, Saad I., Ikram, Aamer, Inoue, Shigeru, Jacob, Louis, Jankovic, Slobodan M., Jayarajah, Umesh, Jesenak, Milos, Kakodkar, Pramath, Kapata, Nathan, Kebede, Yohannes, Khader, Yousef, Kifle, Meron, Koh, David, Males, Visnja Kokic, Kotfis, Katarzyna, Koyanagi, Ai, Kretchy, James-Paul, Lakoh, Sulaiman, Lee, Jinhee, Lee, Jun Young, Mendonca, Maria da Luz Lima, Ling, Lowell, Llibre-Guerra, Jorge, Machida, Masaki, Makurumidze, Richard, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Ivan, Moiseev, Sergey, Nadasdy, Thomas, Nahshon, Chen, Namendys-Silva, Silvio A., Yongsi, Blaise Nguendo, Nicolasora, Amalea Dulcene, Nugmanova, Zhamilya, Oh, Hans, Oksanen, Atte, Owopetu, Oluwatomi, Ozguler, Zeynep Ozge, Parperis, Konstantinos, Perez, Gonzalo Emanuel, Pongpirul, Krit, Rademaker, Marius, Radojevic, Nemanja, Roca, Anna, Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J., Roshi, Enver, Saeed, Khwaja Mir Islam, Sah, Ranjit, Sakakushev, Boris, Sallam, Dina E., Sathian, Brijesh, Schober, Patrick, Ali, P. Shaik Syed, Simonovic, Zoran, Singhal, Tanu, Skhvitaridze, Natia, Solmi, Marco, Subbaram, Kannan, Tizaoui, Kalthoum, Tlhakanelo, John Thato, Torales, Julio, Torres-Roman, Junior Smith, Tsartsalis, Dimitrios, Tsolmon, Jadamba, Vieira, Duarte Nuno, Rosa, Sandro G. Viveiros, Wanghi, Guy, Wollina, Uwe, Xu, Ren-He, Yang, Lin, Zia, Kashif, Zildzic, Muharem, Shin, Jae Il, Smith, Lee, Park, Seung Hyun, Hong, Sung Hwi, Kim, Kwanghyun, Lee, Seung Won, Yon, Dong Keon, Jung, Sun Jae, Abdeen, Ziad, Abou Ghayda, Ramy, Ahmed, Mohamed Lemine Cheikh Brahim, Al Serouri, Abdulwahed, Al-Herz, Waleed, Al-Shamsi, Humaid O., Ali, Sheeza, Ali, Kosar, Baatarkhuu, Oidov, Nielsen, Henning Bay, Bernini-Carri, Enrico, Bondarenko, Anastasiia, Cassell, Ayun, Cham, Akway, Chua, Melvin L. K., Dadabhai, Sufia, Darre, Tchin, Davtyan, Hayk, Dragioti, Elena, East, Barbora, Edwards, Robert Jeffrey, Ferioli, Martina, Georgiev, Tsvetoslav, Ghandour, Lilian A., Harapan, Harapan, Hsueh, Po-Ren, Mallah, Saad I., Ikram, Aamer, Inoue, Shigeru, Jacob, Louis, Jankovic, Slobodan M., Jayarajah, Umesh, Jesenak, Milos, Kakodkar, Pramath, Kapata, Nathan, Kebede, Yohannes, Khader, Yousef, Kifle, Meron, Koh, David, Males, Visnja Kokic, Kotfis, Katarzyna, Koyanagi, Ai, Kretchy, James-Paul, Lakoh, Sulaiman, Lee, Jinhee, Lee, Jun Young, Mendonca, Maria da Luz Lima, Ling, Lowell, Llibre-Guerra, Jorge, Machida, Masaki, Makurumidze, Richard, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Ivan, Moiseev, Sergey, Nadasdy, Thomas, Nahshon, Chen, Namendys-Silva, Silvio A., Yongsi, Blaise Nguendo, Nicolasora, Amalea Dulcene, Nugmanova, Zhamilya, Oh, Hans, Oksanen, Atte, Owopetu, Oluwatomi, Ozguler, Zeynep Ozge, Parperis, Konstantinos, Perez, Gonzalo Emanuel, Pongpirul, Krit, Rademaker, Marius, Radojevic, Nemanja, Roca, Anna, Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J., Roshi, Enver, Saeed, Khwaja Mir Islam, Sah, Ranjit, Sakakushev, Boris, Sallam, Dina E., Sathian, Brijesh, Schober, Patrick, Ali, P. Shaik Syed, Simonovic, Zoran, Singhal, Tanu, Skhvitaridze, Natia, Solmi, Marco, Subbaram, Kannan, Tizaoui, Kalthoum, Tlhakanelo, John Thato, Torales, Julio, Torres-Roman, Junior Smith, Tsartsalis, Dimitrios, Tsolmon, Jadamba, Vieira, Duarte Nuno, Rosa, Sandro G. Viveiros, Wanghi, Guy, Wollina, Uwe, Xu, Ren-He, Yang, Lin, Zia, Kashif, Zildzic, Muharem, Shin, Jae Il, and Smith, Lee

Abstract

The recently emerged novel coronavirus, "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)," caused a highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has severely damaged the worlds most developed countries and has turned into a major threat for low- and middle-income countries. Since its emergence in late 2019, medical interventions have been substantial, and most countries relied on public health measures collectively known as nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). We aimed to centralize the accumulative knowledge of NPIs against COVID-19 for each country under one worldwide consortium. International COVID-19 Research Network collaborators developed a cross-sectional online survey to assess the implications of NPIs and sanitary supply on the incidence and mortality of COVID-19. The survey was conducted between January 1 and February 1, 2021, and participants from 92 countries/territories completed it. The association between NPIs, sanitation supplies, and incidence and mortality were examined by multivariate regression, with the log-transformed value of population as an offset value. The majority of countries/territories applied several preventive strategies, including social distancing (100.0%), quarantine (100.0%), isolation (98.9%), and school closure (97.8%). Individual-level preventive measures such as personal hygiene (100.0%) and wearing facial masks (94.6% at hospitals; 93.5% at mass transportation; 91.3% in mass gathering facilities) were also frequently applied. Quarantine at a designated place was negatively associated with incidence and mortality compared to home quarantine. Isolation at a designated place was also associated with reduced mortality compared to home isolation. Recommendations to use sanitizer for personal hygiene reduced incidence compared to the recommendation to use soap. Deprivation of masks was associated with increased incidence. Higher incidence and mortality were found in countries/territories

Published
2023
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9. Nonpharmaceutical interventions reduce the incidence and mortality of COVID‐19: A study based on the survey from the International COVID‐19 Research Network (ICRN)

Author

Park, Seung Hyun, primary, Hong, Sung Hwi, additional, Kim, Kwanghyun, additional, Lee, Seung Won, additional, Yon, Dong Keon, additional, Jung, Sun Jae, additional, Abdeen, Ziad, additional, Ghayda, Ramy Abou, additional, Ahmed, Mohamed Lemine Cheikh Brahim, additional, Serouri, Abdulwahed Al, additional, Al‐Herz, Waleed, additional, Al‐Shamsi, Humaid O., additional, Ali, Sheeza, additional, Ali, Kosar, additional, Baatarkhuu, Oidov, additional, Nielsen, Henning Bay, additional, Bernini‐Carri, Enrico, additional, Bondarenko, Anastasiia, additional, Cassell, Ayun, additional, Cham, Akway, additional, Chua, Melvin L. K., additional, Dadabhai, Sufia, additional, Darre, Tchin, additional, Davtyan, Hayk, additional, Dragioti, Elena, additional, East, Barbora, additional, Edwards, Robert Jeffrey, additional, Ferioli, Martina, additional, Georgiev, Tsvetoslav, additional, Ghandour, Lilian A., additional, Harapan, Harapan, additional, Hsueh, Po‐Ren, additional, Mallah, Saad I., additional, Ikram, Aamer, additional, Inoue, Shigeru, additional, Jacob, Louis, additional, Janković, Slobodan M., additional, Jayarajah, Umesh, additional, Jesenak, Milos, additional, Kakodkar, Pramath, additional, Kapata, Nathan, additional, Kebede, Yohannes, additional, Khader, Yousef, additional, Kifle, Meron, additional, Koh, David, additional, Maleš, Višnja Kokić, additional, Kotfis, Katarzyna, additional, Koyanagi, Ai, additional, Kretchy, James‐Paul, additional, Lakoh, Sulaiman, additional, Lee, Jinhee, additional, Lee, Jun Young, additional, Mendonça, Maria da Luz Lima, additional, Ling, Lowell, additional, Llibre‐Guerra, Jorge, additional, Machida, Masaki, additional, Makurumidze, Richard, additional, Memish, Ziad A., additional, Mendoza, Ivan, additional, Moiseev, Sergey, additional, Nadasdy, Thomas, additional, Nahshon, Chen, additional, Ñamendys‐Silva, Silvio A., additional, Yongsi, Blaise Nguendo, additional, Nicolasora, Amalea Dulcene, additional, Nugmanova, Zhamilya, additional, Oh, Hans, additional, Oksanen, Atte, additional, Owopetu, Oluwatomi, additional, Ozguler, Zeynep Ozge, additional, Parperis, Konstantinos, additional, Perez, Gonzalo Emanuel, additional, Pongpirul, Krit, additional, Rademaker, Marius, additional, Radojevic, Nemanja, additional, Roca, Anna, additional, Rodriguez‐Morales, Alfonso J., additional, Roshi, Enver, additional, Saeed, Khwaja Mir Islam, additional, Sah, Ranjit, additional, Sakakushev, Boris, additional, Sallam, Dina E., additional, Sathian, Brijesh, additional, Schober, Patrick, additional, Ali, P. Shaik Syed, additional, Simonović, Zoran, additional, Singhal, Tanu, additional, Skhvitaridze, Natia, additional, Solmi, Marco, additional, Subbaram, Kannan, additional, Tizaoui, Kalthoum, additional, Tlhakanelo, John Thato, additional, Torales, Julio, additional, Torres‐Roman, Junior Smith, additional, Tsartsalis, Dimitrios, additional, Tsolmon, Jadamba, additional, Vieira, Duarte Nuno, additional, Rosa, Sandro G. Viveiros, additional, Wanghi, Guy, additional, Wollina, Uwe, additional, Xu, Ren‐He, additional, Yang, Lin, additional, Zia, Kashif, additional, Zildzic, Muharem, additional, Il Shin, Jae, additional, and Smith, Lee, additional

Published
2023
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15. The global case fatality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 by continents and national income: A meta-analysis

Author

Abou Ghayda, Ramy, Lee, Keum Hwa, Han, Young Joo, Ryu, Seohyun, Hong, Sung Hwi, Yoon, Sojung, Jeong, Gwang Hum, Yang, Jae Won, Lee, Hyo Jeong, Lee, Jinhee, Lee, Jun Young, Effenberger, Maria, Eisenhut, Michael, Kronbichler, Andreas, Solmi, Marco, Li, Han, Jacob, Louis, Koyanagi, Ai, Radua, Joaquim, Park, Myung Bae, Aghayeva, Sevda, Ahmed, Mohamed L. C. B., Al Serouri, Abdulwahed, Al-Shamsi, Humaid O., Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad, Baatarkhuu, Oidov, Bashour, Hyam, Bondarenko, Anastasiia, Camacho-Ortiz, Adrian, Castro, Franz, Cox, Horace, Davtyan, Hayk, Douglas, Kirk, Dragioti, Elena, Ebrahim, Shahul, Ferioli, Martina, Harapan, Harapan, Mallah, Saad I, Ikram, Aamer, Inoue, Shigeru, Jankovic, Slobodan, Jayarajah, Umesh, Jesenak, Milos, Kakodkar, Pramath, Kebede, Yohannes, Kifle, Meron, Koh, David, Males, Visnja K., Kotfis, Katarzyna, Lakoh, Sulaiman, Ling, Lowell, Llibre-Guerra, Jorge, Machida, Masaki, Makurumidze, Richard, Mamun, Mohammed, Masic, Izet, Van Minh, Hoang, Moiseev, Sergey, Nadasdy, Thomas, Nahshon, Chen, Namendys-Silva, Silvio A., Yongsi, Blaise N., Nielsen, Henning B., Nodjikouambaye, Zita A., Ohnmar, Ohnmar, Oksanen, Atte, Owopetu, Oluwatomi, Parperis, Konstantinos, Perez, Gonzalo E., Pongpirul, Krit, Rademaker, Marius, Rosa, Sandro, Sah, Ranjit, Sallam, Dina, Schober, Patrick, Singhal, Tanu, Tafaj, Silva, Torres, Irene, Smith Torres-Roman, J., Tsartsalis, Dimitrios, Tsolmon, Jadamba, Tuychiev, Laziz, Vukcevic, Batric, Wanghi, Guy, Wollina, Uwe, Xu, Ren-He, Yang, Lin, Zaidi, Zoubida, Smith, Lee, Shin, Jae Il, Abou Ghayda, Ramy, Lee, Keum Hwa, Han, Young Joo, Ryu, Seohyun, Hong, Sung Hwi, Yoon, Sojung, Jeong, Gwang Hum, Yang, Jae Won, Lee, Hyo Jeong, Lee, Jinhee, Lee, Jun Young, Effenberger, Maria, Eisenhut, Michael, Kronbichler, Andreas, Solmi, Marco, Li, Han, Jacob, Louis, Koyanagi, Ai, Radua, Joaquim, Park, Myung Bae, Aghayeva, Sevda, Ahmed, Mohamed L. C. B., Al Serouri, Abdulwahed, Al-Shamsi, Humaid O., Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad, Baatarkhuu, Oidov, Bashour, Hyam, Bondarenko, Anastasiia, Camacho-Ortiz, Adrian, Castro, Franz, Cox, Horace, Davtyan, Hayk, Douglas, Kirk, Dragioti, Elena, Ebrahim, Shahul, Ferioli, Martina, Harapan, Harapan, Mallah, Saad I, Ikram, Aamer, Inoue, Shigeru, Jankovic, Slobodan, Jayarajah, Umesh, Jesenak, Milos, Kakodkar, Pramath, Kebede, Yohannes, Kifle, Meron, Koh, David, Males, Visnja K., Kotfis, Katarzyna, Lakoh, Sulaiman, Ling, Lowell, Llibre-Guerra, Jorge, Machida, Masaki, Makurumidze, Richard, Mamun, Mohammed, Masic, Izet, Van Minh, Hoang, Moiseev, Sergey, Nadasdy, Thomas, Nahshon, Chen, Namendys-Silva, Silvio A., Yongsi, Blaise N., Nielsen, Henning B., Nodjikouambaye, Zita A., Ohnmar, Ohnmar, Oksanen, Atte, Owopetu, Oluwatomi, Parperis, Konstantinos, Perez, Gonzalo E., Pongpirul, Krit, Rademaker, Marius, Rosa, Sandro, Sah, Ranjit, Sallam, Dina, Schober, Patrick, Singhal, Tanu, Tafaj, Silva, Torres, Irene, Smith Torres-Roman, J., Tsartsalis, Dimitrios, Tsolmon, Jadamba, Tuychiev, Laziz, Vukcevic, Batric, Wanghi, Guy, Wollina, Uwe, Xu, Ren-He, Yang, Lin, Zaidi, Zoubida, Smith, Lee, and Shin, Jae Il

Abstract

The aim of this study is to provide a more accurate representation of COVID-19s case fatality rate (CFR) by performing meta-analyses by continents and income, and by comparing the result with pooled estimates. We used multiple worldwide data sources on COVID-19 for every country reporting COVID-19 cases. On the basis of data, we performed random and fixed meta-analyses for CFR of COVID-19 by continents and income according to each individual calendar date. CFR was estimated based on the different geographical regions and levels of income using three models: pooled estimates, fixed- and random-model. In Asia, all three types of CFR initially remained approximately between 2.0% and 3.0%. In the case of pooled estimates and the fixed model results, CFR increased to 4.0%, by then gradually decreasing, while in the case of random-model, CFR remained under 2.0%. Similarly, in Europe, initially, the two types of CFR peaked at 9.0% and 10.0%, respectively. The random-model results showed an increase near 5.0%. In high-income countries, pooled estimates and fixed-model showed gradually increasing trends with a final pooled estimates and random-model reached about 8.0% and 4.0%, respectively. In middle-income, the pooled estimates and fixed-model have gradually increased reaching up to 4.5%. in low-income countries, CFRs remained similar between 1.5% and 3.0%. Our study emphasizes that COVID-19 CFR is not a fixed or static value. Rather, it is a dynamic estimate that changes with time, population, socioeconomic factors, and the mitigatory efforts of individual countries.

Published
2022
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19. The global case fatality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 by continents and national income: A meta‐analysis

Author

Abou Ghayda, Ramy, primary, Lee, Keum Hwa, additional, Han, Young Joo, additional, Ryu, Seohyun, additional, Hong, Sung Hwi, additional, Yoon, Sojung, additional, Jeong, Gwang Hum, additional, Yang, Jae Won, additional, Lee, Hyo Jeong, additional, Lee, Jinhee, additional, Lee, Jun Young, additional, Effenberger, Maria, additional, Eisenhut, Michael, additional, Kronbichler, Andreas, additional, Solmi, Marco, additional, Li, Han, additional, Jacob, Louis, additional, Koyanagi, Ai, additional, Radua, Joaquim, additional, Park, Myung Bae, additional, Aghayeva, Sevda, additional, Ahmed, Mohamed L. C. B., additional, Al Serouri, Abdulwahed, additional, Al‐Shamsi, Humaid O., additional, Amir‐Behghadami, Mehrdad, additional, Baatarkhuu, Oidov, additional, Bashour, Hyam, additional, Bondarenko, Anastasiia, additional, Camacho‐Ortiz, Adrian, additional, Castro, Franz, additional, Cox, Horace, additional, Davtyan, Hayk, additional, Douglas, Kirk, additional, Dragioti, Elena, additional, Ebrahim, Shahul, additional, Ferioli, Martina, additional, Harapan, Harapan, additional, Mallah, Saad I., additional, Ikram, Aamer, additional, Inoue, Shigeru, additional, Jankovic, Slobodan, additional, Jayarajah, Umesh, additional, Jesenak, Milos, additional, Kakodkar, Pramath, additional, Kebede, Yohannes, additional, Kifle, Meron, additional, Koh, David, additional, Males, Visnja K., additional, Kotfis, Katarzyna, additional, Lakoh, Sulaiman, additional, Ling, Lowell, additional, Llibre‐Guerra, Jorge, additional, Machida, Masaki, additional, Makurumidze, Richard, additional, Mamun, Mohammed A., additional, Masic, Izet, additional, Van Minh, Hoang, additional, Moiseev, Sergey, additional, Nadasdy, Thomas, additional, Nahshon, Chen, additional, Ñamendys‐Silva, Silvio A., additional, Yongsi, Blaise N., additional, Nielsen, Henning B., additional, Nodjikouambaye, Zita A., additional, Ohnmar, Ohnmar, additional, Oksanen, Atte, additional, Owopetu, Oluwatomi, additional, Parperis, Konstantinos, additional, Perez, Gonzalo E., additional, Pongpirul, Krit, additional, Rademaker, Marius, additional, Rosa, Sandro, additional, Sah, Ranjit, additional, Sallam, Dina, additional, Schober, Patrick, additional, Singhal, Tanu, additional, Tafaj, Silva, additional, Torres, Irene, additional, Torres‐Roman, J. Smith, additional, Tsartsalis, Dimitrios, additional, Tsolmon, Jadamba, additional, Tuychiev, Laziz, additional, Vukcevic, Batric, additional, Wanghi, Guy, additional, Wollina, Uwe, additional, Xu, Ren‐He, additional, Yang, Lin, additional, Zaidi, Zoubida, additional, Smith, Lee, additional, and Shin, Jae Il, additional

Published
2022
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