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32. 4,8-Sphingadienine and 4-hydroxy-8-sphingenine activate ceramide production in the skin

Author

Shirakura Yoshiyuki, Kikuchi Kanako, Matsumura Kenji, Mukai Katsuyuki, Mitsutake Susumu, and Igarashi Yasuyuki

Subjects
4,8-sphingadienine, 4-hydroxy-8-sphingenine, Ceramide synthesis, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627
Abstract

Abstract Background Ingestion of glucosylceramide improves transepidermal water loss (TEWL) from the skin, but the underlying mechanism by which a small amount of dietary glucosylceramide can vastly improve skin conditions remains unclear. In a previous report, glucosylceramides were shown to be digested to sphingoids, which were shown to be absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that sphingoids are the key molecules facilitating endogenous ceramide production. In this study, we assessed the effect of 4,8-sphingadienine (d18:2) and 4-hydroxy-8-sphingenine (t18:1), derived from konjac glucosylceramide, on stimulating ceramide production. Methods Konjac glucosylceramide acidolysis was performed using hydrochloric acid; the resulting d18:2 and t18:1 were fractionated by column chromatography. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was performed to assess the effect of d18:2 and t18:1 on gene expression in normal human epidermal keratinocytes, while their effect on the nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, was measured using a receptor-cofactor assay system. The effect of d18:2 and t18:1 on stimulating ceramide production was evaluated using HPTLC analysis in a 3-dimensional human skin model. Results We noted the upregulation of genes related to de novo ceramide synthesis as well as of those encoding the elongases of very long-chain fatty acids by d18:2 and t18:1, but not by glucosylceramide and 4-sphingenine. Both these sphingoids also facilitated the expression of PPARβ/δ and PPARγ; moreover, they also demonstrated ligand activity for PPARγ. These results indicated that d18:2 and t18:1 promote the differentiation of keratinocytes. Analysis of the lipids within the 3-dimensional human skin model indicated that treatment with d18:2 and t18:1 not only upregulated gene expression but also increased ceramide production. Conclusions The sphingoids d18:2 and t18:1 activated genes related to de novo ceramide synthesis and increased ceramide production, whereas glucosylceramide and 4-sphingenine could not. These results suggest that the effect of dietary glucosylceramides on the skin is mediated by d18:2 and t18:1.

Published
2012
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44. Christopher Simpson The Division-Viol, or The Art of PLAYING Ex tempore upon a GROUND. EDITIO SECVNDA Part III 'The Method of ordering Division to a Ground' (2)

Author

Kikuchi, Kanako, Karasaki, Yuko, Hiraiwa, Yuki, Miyano, Mai, Aminaga, Yuri, Ishizu, Makoto, Umehira, Asako, Sato, Mamiko, Shidoji, Yu, Nomi, Yoshifumi, Morinishi, Saori, and Chiba, Junnosuke

Abstract

本訳稿はChristopher Simpson (1605頃－1669) 著 The Division-Viol, or, The Art of PLAYING Ex tempore upon a GROUND. DIVIDED INTO THREE PARTS. EDITIO SECVNDA, London, 1665 のPart III "The Method of ordering Division to a Ground" より§7～§12(pp.42-56)の全訳である。

Published
2011

45. The Declamation in Musorgsky's Nursery : From the perspective of the analysis of pitch

Author

Kikuchi, Kanako

Subjects
Musorgsky, declamation, 朗唱法, 音高, song, ムーソルグスキイ, 実験的手法, 歌曲, experimental technique, pitch
Abstract

The purpose of this academic research is to analyse a declamation style of the Musorgsky's "the Nursery" songs focused on the pitch. It is said that Musorgsky's declamation changed entirely from 1869 to 1871. However, the past studies were concentrated and conducted on a rhythm or a note value and only few of them referred to a pitch. Therefore, we analyze the Musorgsky's declamation style based on experimental technique that compares the reading aloud with music scores. The result of comparison showed that the Musorgsky's declamation in the pitch also changed around 1870. The intonation applied in the songs composed from 1868 to early 1870 are much closer and similar to an intonation of spoken Russian language than the songs composed from latter 1870 to 1872.

Published
2010

48. Christopher Simpson 著 『ディヴィジョン―ヴァイオル、すなわちグラウンド上の即興演奏技法』 第2版より 第3部「グラウンド上のディヴィジョンの体系化」(3)

Author

Kikuchi, Kanako, Umehira, Asako, Awaki, Yoko, Inouchi, Shiho, Okada, Minami, Sato, Ayumi, Sugihara, Ayumi, Sumikawa, Takashi, Hotta, Kanae, Horie, Haruka, Yamamoto, Chihiro, and Chiba, Junnosuke

Abstract

本訳稿はChristopher Simpson (1605頃－1669) 著 The Division-Viol, or, The Art of PLAYING Ex tempore upon a GROUND. DIVIDED INTO THREE PARTS. EDITIO SECVNDA, London, 1665 のPart III "The Method of ordering Division to a Ground" より§13～§16(pp.57-61)の全訳である。

Published
2012

49. Christopher Simpson 著 『ディヴィジョン―ヴァイオル、すなわちグラウンド上の即興演奏技法』 第2版より 第3部「グラウンド上のディヴィジョンの体系化」(1)

Author

Kawamura, Kyoko, Kikuchi, Kanako, Karasaki, Yuko, Kutsuna, Naomi, Doi, Mayumi, Hasegawa, Ryo, Hiraiwa, Yuki, Fujii, Hiroko, Miyano, Mai, and Chiba, Junnosuke

Abstract

本訳稿はChristopher Simpson (1605頃－1669) 著 The Division-Viol, or, The Art of PLAYING Ex tempore upon a GROUND. DIVIDED INTO THREE PARTS. EDITIO SECVNDA, London, 1665 のPart III "The Method of ordering Division to a Ground" より§1～§6(pp.27-40)の全訳である。

Published
2011

50. ムーソルグスキイの歌曲におけるデクラメーション様式

Author

Kikuchi, Kanako

Subjects
Mussorgsky, declamation, デクラメーション様式, song, ムーソルグスキイ, 歌曲
Abstract

This paper discusses the declamation of Mussorgsky's songs. Mussorgsky faithfully duplicated the intonation of Russian language for his music. I selected his 10 songs, and then compared the actual speech with those songs, at the point of those pitch and rhythm. I worked out the percentage which shows how close the song is to its speech, on the result of comparison. Those 10 songs selected from the initial, middle and last period of Mussorgsky's life. Then, I viewed changes in the declamation of Mussorgsky, by my experiment. The results of comparison, the degree of agreement on pitch between the speech and its song was higher and higher in process of time. However, the degree of agreement on rhythm wasn't so. In the middle period, the degree became higher, and in the last period, it became lower. In short, the aspect of Mussorgsky's declamation differs in a pitch and rhythm. Moreover, his declamation has different styles by a form of lyric -a verse or a prose.

Published
2009

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