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Purpose: It is aimed to report on a 16-year-old patient with acquired ocular toxoplasmosis complicated by a retinal tear. Methods: Retrospective medical chart review Results: A 16-year-old Caucasian female presented with vision loss in her right eye. In addition to a white active lesion between the fovea and the optic nerve head, marked vitreous opacification was noted. She was diagnosed with ocular toxoplasmosis. The patient was treated with oral azithromycin, clindamycin, and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole. One month later, retinochoroiditis resolved and vitreous cleared. Three months after onset, patient presented with floaters in the right eye and a retinal tear was located at the temporal region of the retina. Prophylactic argon laser treatment that encircled the retinal tear was performed. No other abnormalities were noted during 6 months of follow-up. Conclusions: Retinal tear associated with ocular toxoplasmosis is rare; however, a retinal tear can occur due to vitreoretinal traction following post-inflammatory structural alteration of the vitreous. Retinal tears may be seen during the healing phase, when the inflammation turns into tightening of vitreous substance. Careful retinal examination in cases of ocular toxoplasmosis is warranted, especially in patients with severe vitreous inflammation.

Purpose: To determine the effect of aging on corneal biomechanical parameters measured via ocular response analyzer in a homogenous healthy Caucasian population. Methods: A total of 2039 Caucasian adults were consecutively recruited and divided into seven groups according to decades of age. The difference in mean corneal hysteresis (CH), mean corneal resistance factor (CRF), mean Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure (IOPg), and mean corneal-compensated IOP (IOPcc) between decades of age were investigated. The strength of the correlations between corneal biomechanical parameters, and between each biomechanical parameter and age were evaluated. The effect of age on each corneal biomechanical parameter was analyzed. Results: Mean age of the participants (1173 female and 866 male) was 43.30 ± 14.64 years. Mean CH, CRF, IOPcc, and IOPg were 11.49 ± 1.89 mmHg, 11.40 ± 2.30 mmHg, 15.01 ± 3.11 mmHg, and 15.72 ± 3.80 mmHg, respectively. There were significant differences in mean CH, CRF, IOPcc, and IOPg between groups (p < 0.001 for all parameters). There was a significant negative correlation between age and CH (r = –0.067 and p = 0.003), and a significant negative correlation between age and CRF (r = –0.053 and p = 0.017). There was a significant positive correlation between age and IOPg (r = 0.25 and p < 0.001), and between age and IOPcc (r = 0.20 and p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that for every 1-year increase CH decreased 0.011 mmHg, CRF decreased 0.004 mmHg, IOPcc increased 0.053 mmHg, and IOPg increased 0.047 mmHg. Conclusions: Aging can cause significant changes in corneal biomechanical parameters. Corneal biomechanical parameters were correlated with each other, and each was correlated with aging. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background. The effect of hemodialysis (HD) on intraocular pressure (IOP) has been investigated before, but there is a lack of consensus. Clinicians dealing with renal failure patients are interested in the potential negative effects of HD on IOP and the course of glaucoma. Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of HD on IOP in patients with end-stage renal disease. Material and methods. This prospective study included 106 patients who were receiving outpatient hemodialysis. Patient history of systemic and ophthalmologic conditions was recorded. Serum osmolality (mOsm), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood glucose (BG), bicarbonate (BC), and hematocrit (Hct) levels at the start of HD (pre-HD), at the end of HD (end-HD), and 30 min after HD (post-HD) were measured. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP) and IOP were measured at pre-HD, 1-hour intervals during HD, end-HD, and post-HD. Results. A significant decrease in mOsm and BUN and a significant increase in BG, BC, and Hct levels were observed at end-HD (p < 0.05). Mean IOP was 16.71 ±2.51 mm Hg at pre-HD, 15.52 ±3.18 mm Hg at end-HD, and 15.23 ±2.73 mm Hg at post-HD (p = 0.001; F = 4.439). Post-HD SBP and DBP were significantly lower than at pre-HD (p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between the change in IOP and the change in mOsm and the change in BUN at end-HD (r = 0.315, p = 0.004; and r = 0.279, p = 0.012, respectively). Conclusions. IOP decreased significantly during HD in this study. Additional research on the effects of the change in blood parameters and ocular perfusion pressure on IOP and optic nerve perfusion during HD is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the effect of smoking on corneal biomechanical behavior. Materials and Methods: The medical records of consecutive patients that presented to the ophthalmology department were reviewed. History of smoking and ophthalmological examination findings were recorded. The smoking group met the following criteria: a clear history of and present smoking habit, negative history of corneal disease and surgery, ocular response analyzer measurement at the time of examination, and a waveform score ≥3.7. Nonsmokers (never smoked or quit smoking ≥6 months earlier) that met the same criteria constituted the control group. Corneal biomechanical parameters were measured using ocular response analyzer. Data were analyzed using Pearson’sχ2test, Mann–WhitneyUtest, and Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Results: The smoking group included 166 eyes of 166 patients with a mean age of 38.7 ± 11.95 years, and the control group consisted of 170 eyes of 170 patients with a mean age of 38.40 ± 12.2 years. Mean cumulative smoking dose in the smoking group was 9.59 ± 11.87 pack-years (0.04– 75.00). There was no significant correlation between cumulative smoking dose and corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor (P= 0.382 and 0.074, respectively). There were no significant differences in corneal hysteresis or the corneal resistance factor between the two groups (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in corneal hysteresis between those in the smoking group aged 18–44 years and those aged 45–64 years (P= 0.258), whereas in the control group mean corneal hysteresis was significantly lower in the 45–64 year olds than in the 18–44 year olds (P= 0.034).Conclusions: Although there was no significant difference in corneal biomechanics between smoking and control groups, the decrease in corneal hysteresis with aging was less apparent in the smoking group, which may be due to the potential changes in the cornea’s microstructure induced by smoking during aging and the effect of smoking in aged corneal tissue viscosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Iris metastasis in patients with gastric cancer is extremely rare. Herein, it is aimed to report on a patient with gastric adenocarcinoma and iris metastasis. Case presentation: A 65-year-old patient with the history of gastric cancer was admitted for eye pain and eye redness on his left eye. There was ciliary injection, severe +4 cells with hypopyon in the anterior chamber and a solitary, friable, yellow-white, fleshy-creamy vascularized 2 mm × 4 mm mass on the upper nasal part of the iris within the left eye. The presented patient's mass lesion in the iris fulfilled the criteria of the metastatic iris lesion's appearance. The ocular metastasis occurred during chemotherapy. Conclusions: Iris metastasis can masquerade as iridocyclitis with pseudohypopyon or glaucoma. In patients with a history of gastric cancer that present with an iris mass, uveitis, and high intraocular pressure, ocular metastasis of gastric cancer should be a consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 43-year-old male presented with sudden onset of painless, blurred vision in his left eye. Dilated fundoscopic examination showed signs consistent with the diagnosis of a combination of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and cilioretinal artery occlusion (CLRAO). He received daily 2-h sessions of hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT), 253 kPa for 14 days. At the end of the HBOT course, the patient's left visual acuity had improved from 20/200 to 20/20. Dilated fundoscopic examination showed that the intra-retinal haemorrhages in the entire retina and the retinal whitening along the course of the CLRA seen at presentation had completely resolved. The combination of CLRAO and CRVO comprises a discrete clinical entity. Even though there are many hypotheses concerning this condition, it is most likely the result of elevated intraluminal pressure in the retinal capillaries due to CRVO that exceeds the pressure in the CLRA. HBOT may be an effective treatment for CRVO-associated CLRAO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]