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This paper analyzes the pedagogical studies of Finnish and South Korean physics teacher education programs that guide teacher educators to support student teachers' to build readiness for acting as professional teachers in a secondary school classroom. Research on the domains and origin of teachers' professional knowledge provides a framework for analyzing the programs and the potential support of the program for becoming a professional teacher. First, the aims of the pedagogical studies are categorized, resulting in ten themes that characterize the programs. Second, the programs are analyzed in the framework domains of teacher knowledge and the origins the knowledge is suggested to learn. The domains of knowledge include the knowledge needed in consuming and producing educational research, general pedagogical knowledge, and pedagogical content knowledge. Distribution among the four domains of teacher knowledge varies in Finnish and South Korean programs, reflecting the differences in the national education cultures. Pedagogical studies in Korean physics teacher education are more theoretically oriented than their Finnish counterparts. However, the Finnish and Korean programs do bear similarities, such as an emphasis on reflection and a research orientation, as a part of their pedagogical studies.

A systematic evaluation of how model architectures and training strategies impact genomics model performance is needed. To address this gap, we held a DREAM Challenge where competitors trained models on a dataset of millions of random promoter DNA sequences and corresponding expression levels, experimentally determined in yeast. For a robust evaluation of the models, we designed a comprehensive suite of benchmarks encompassing various sequence types. All top-performing models used neural networks but diverged in architectures and training strategies. To dissect how architectural and training choices impact performance, we developed the Prix Fixe framework to divide models into modular building blocks. We tested all possible combinations for the top three models, further improving their performance. The DREAM Challenge models not only achieved state-of-the-art results on our comprehensive yeast dataset but also consistently surpassed existing benchmarks on Drosophila and human genomic datasets, demonstrating the progress that can be driven by gold-standard genomics datasets., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting materials have attracted significant interest as promising candidates for channel materials owing to their high mobility and gate tunability at atomic-layer thickness. However, the development of 2D electronics is impeded due to the difficulty in formation of high-quality dielectrics with a clean and nondestructive interface. Here, we report the direct van der Waals epitaxial growth of a molecular crystal dielectric, Sb 2 O 3 , on 2D materials by physical vapor deposition. The grown Sb 2 O 3 nanosheets showed epitaxial relations of 0 and 180° with the 2D template, maintaining high crystallinity and an ultrasharp vdW interface with the 2D materials. As a result, the Sb 2 O 3 nanosheets exhibited a high breakdown field of 18.6 MV/cm for 2L Sb 2 O 3 with a thickness of 1.3 nm and a very low leakage current of 2.47 × 10 -7 A/cm 2 for 3L Sb 2 O 3 with a thickness of 1.96 nm. We also observed two types of grain boundaries (GBs) with misorientation angles of 0 and 60°. The 0°-GB with a well-stitched boundary showed higher electrical and thermal stabilities than those of the 60°-GB with a disordered boundary. Our work demonstrates a method to epitaxially grow molecular crystal dielectrics on 2D materials without causing any damage, a requirement for high-performance 2D electronics.