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Abstract Nature experiences, especially the visual aspects of nature, have been widely used to facilitate relaxation. Fueled by digital technology, simulated visual nature experiences have gained popularity in creating healing environments that induce relaxation. However, while easily applicable, not all nature-imitating visuals lead to relaxation. How to effectively design relaxing visual nature experiences remains largely unexplored. This paper investigates how different nature qualities facilitate relaxing visual experiences and the roles of two personal characteristics (mood and nature-relatedness) play. Through an online survey and interviews, we assessed 16 nature video clips, representing eight distinctive nature qualities, and compared perceived experiences while considering the influence of personal characteristics. The results indicate four types of visual qualities (engaging, instinctive, ambient, and derivative) underlying nature-induced relaxation, and show that nature relatedness influences the degree to which nature video clips elicit relaxation. We discuss design implications for creating personalized digital nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this particular study was to recover valuable metals from waste plasma display panels using high energy ball milling with subsequent acid dissolution. Dissolution of milled (PDP) powder was studied in HCl, HNO3, and H2SO4 acidic solutions. The effects of dissolution acid, temperature, time, and PDP scrap powder to acid ratio on the leaching process were investigated and the most favorable conditions were found: (1) valuable metals (In, Ag, Mg) were recovered from PDP powder in a mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl:H2O = 50:50); (2) the optimal dissolution temperature and time for the valuable metals were found to be 60°C and 30 min, respectively; (3) the ideal PDP scrap powder to acid solution ratio was found to be 1:10. The proposed method was applied to the recovery of magnesium, silver, and indium with satisfactory results.

Amyloid‐beta (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD); their contribution to neurodegeneration and clinical manifestations are critical in understanding preclinical AD. At present, the mechanisms related to Aβ and tau pathogenesis leading to cognitive decline in older adults remain largely unknown. Here, we examined graph theory‐based positron emission tomography (PET) analytical approaches, within and between tau and Aβ PET modalities, and tested the effects on cognitive changes in cognitively normal older adults (CN). Particularly, we focused on the network interdigitations of Aβ and tau deposits, along with cognitive test scores in CN at both baseline and 2‐year follow‐up (FU). We found highly significant Aβ‐tau network integrations in AD vulnerable areas, as well as significant associations between those Aβ‐tau interdigitations and general cognitive impairment in CN at baseline and FU. Our findings suggest a distinctive contribution of interlinking network relationships between Aβ and tau deposits in heteromodal areas of the human brain. They support a network‐based interaction between Aβ and tau accumulations as a key factor for cognitive deterioration in CN prior to dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regions within the default mode network (DMN) are particularly vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease pathology and mechanisms of DMN disruption in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are still unclear. White matter lesions are presumed to be mechanistically linked to vascular dysfunction whereas cortical atrophy may be related to neurodegeneration. We examined associations between DMN seed‐based connectivity, white matter lesion load, and cortical atrophy in MCI and cognitively healthy controls. MCI showed decreased functional connectivity (FC) between the precuneus‐seed and bilateral lateral temporal cortex (LTC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), posterior cingulate cortex, and inferior parietal lobe compared to those with controls. When controlling for white matter lesion volume, DMN connectivity differences between groups were diminished within bilateral LTC, although were significantly increased in the mPFC explained by significant regional associations between white matter lesion volume and DMN connectivity only in the MCI group. When controlling for cortical thickness, DMN FC was similarly decreased across both groups. These findings suggest that white matter lesions and cortical atrophy are differentially associated with alterations in FC patterns in MCI. Associations between white matter lesions and DMN connectivity in MCI further support at least a partial but important vascular contribution to age‐associated neural and cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the role of octylphenol ethoxylate (Triton X-100) surfactant as a suppressor in Cu electrodeposition has been examined. The inhibition ability of Triton X-100 was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated with cyclic voltammograms and Koutecký-Levich plots, and compared with that of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with similar molecular size. The presence of a hydrophobic benzene-ring in its structure made it inhibit Cu deposition more strongly than PEG. The inhibition function of Triton X-100 depended on the substrate material and it was influenced by the presence of Cl− and bis sulphopropyl disulphide in the electrolyte indicating that the characteristics of Triton X-100 were similar to those of PEG, which was also demonstrated by gap filling of Cu with using Triton X-100 in the replacement of PEG. The effect of Triton X-100 on the properties of the deposit film was also investigated, and it was found that it suppressed the three-dimensional growth of Cu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The correlations between apolipoprotein epsilon 4 (APOE4) status and regional Alzheimer's disease–related biomarkers in cognitively normal elderly are not fully understood. Our cross‐sectional study compared clinical characteristics, amyloid/tau burden, and cortical thickness according to APOE4 carrier status to assess correlations between APOE4 and regional biomarker burdens. Method: We analyzed 185 cognitively normal participants from the ADNI 3 cohort study. Participants aged 55‐90 with normal cognitive function were eligible. We divided participants into Aß+ APOE4 carriers (group 1, n = 27), Aß+ APOE4 non‐carriers (group 2, n = 29), and Aß‐ normal controls regardless of APOE4 carrier status (group 0, n = 129). We compared clinical characteristics, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid β42 & phosphorylated tau, florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET), flortaucipir PET, cortical thickness, and cognitive scores among the 3 groups. Quantitative imaging analyses were performed using the standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR). We additionally assessed correlations between APOE4 carrier status and imaging biomarkers. Result: The baseline characteristics except age were similar among the groups. The participants in group 2 were oldest. The regional amyloid/tau SUVRs did not differ between groups 1 and 2, but the amyloid/tau SUVRs in most regions were numerically higher in group 1 than group 2 after adjusting for age difference. The regional amyloid and tau SUVRs in the younger (<70) group were higher in group 1 than group 2. APOE4 carrier status showed significant association with amyloid burden in diffuse cortical areas after adjustment for age and sex, but it was not associated with regional tau burden or cortical thickness. Conclusion: We identified that cognitively normal APOE4 carriers showed similar but numerically greater amyloid and tau burdens than did APOE4 non‐carriers after adjusting for age. APOE4 carrier status might be more highly associated with amyloid deposition than with other AD‐related biomarkers such as tau or cortical thickness, especially in the younger group below 70. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]