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Diet-induced nutritional stress can influence pathogen transmission potential in mosquitoes by impacting life history traits, infection susceptibility, and immunity. To investigate these effects, we manipulate mosquito diets at larval and adult stages, creating two nutritional levels (low and normal), and expose adults to dengue virus (DENV). We observe that egg number is reduced by nutritional stress at both stages and viral exposure separately and jointly, while the likelihood of laying eggs is exclusively influenced by adult nutritional stress. Adult nutritional stress alone shortens survival, while any pairwise combination between both-stage stress and viral exposure have a synergistic effect. Additionally, adult nutritional stress increases susceptibility to DENV infection, while larval nutritional stress likely has a similar effect operating via smaller body size. Furthermore, adult nutritional stress negatively impacts viral titers in infected mosquitoes; however, some survive and show increased titers over time. The immune response to DENV infection is overall suppressed by larval and adult nutritional stress, with specific genes related to Toll, JAK-STAT, and Imd immune signaling pathways, and antimicrobial peptides being downregulated. Our findings underscore the importance of nutritional stress in shaping mosquito traits, infection outcomes, and immune responses, all of which impact the vectorial capacity for DENV transmission. An experimental study on the yellow fever mosquito reveals that inadequate nutrition during both the larval and adult stages could mediate their vectorial capacity by compromising key life history traits and antiviral immune response, while boosting vulnerability to dengue infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The simultaneous drug delivery efficiency of a co-loaded single-carrier system of docetaxel (DTX)- and tariquidar (TRQ)-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) functionalized with PEG and RIPL peptide (PRN) (D^T-PRN) was compared with that of a physically mixed dual-carrier system of DTX-loaded PRN (D-PRN) and TRQ-loaded PRN (T-PRN) to overcome DTX mono-administration-induced multidrug resistance. NLC samples were prepared using the solvent emulsification evaporation technique and showed homogeneous spherical morphology, with nano-sized dispersion (<220 nm) and zeta potential values of −15 to −7 mV. DTX and/or TRQ was successfully encapsulated in NLC samples (>95% encapsulation efficiency and 73–78 µg/mg drug loading). In vitro cytotoxicity was concentration-dependent; D^T-PRN exhibited the highest MDR reversal efficiency, with the lowest combination index value, and increased the cytotoxicity and apoptosis in MCF7/ADR cells by inducing cell-cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. A competitive cellular uptake assay using fluorescent probes showed that, compared to the dual nanocarrier system, the single nanocarrier system exhibited better intracellular delivery efficiency of multiple probes to target cells. In the MCF7/ADR-xenografted mouse models, simultaneous DTX and TRQ delivery using D^T-PRN significantly suppressed tumor growth as compared to other treatments. A single co-loaded system for PRN-based co-delivery of DTX/TRQ (1:1, w/w) constitutes a promising therapeutic strategy for drug-resistant breast cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A targeted co-administration system of docetaxel (DTX) and curcumin (CUR) using a PEG-modified RIPL peptide (IPLVVPLRRRRRRRRC)-conjugated nanostructured lipid carrier (P/R-NLC) was constructed to exert synergistic anticancer effects against chemoresistant breast cancer. Results: DTX- or CUR-loaded NLCs and P/R-NLCs were prepared using the solvent emulsification–evaporation method. NLCs showed homogeneous spherical morphology with nano-sized dispersion (< 210 nm) with zeta potential varying from − 16.4 to − 19.9 mV. DTX or CUR was successfully encapsulated in the NLCs: encapsulation efficiency (> 95%); drug loading (8 − 18%). All NLC formulations were stable for 4 weeks under the storage conditions at 4 °C. Drug release was diffusion-controlled, revealing the best fit to the Higuchi equation. DTX- or CUR-loaded formulations showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity. The DTX/CUR combination (1:3 w/w) in P/R-NLC formulations exhibited the strongest synergism in both MCF7 and MCF7/ADR cells with combination index values of 0.286 and 0.130, respectively. Co-treatment with DTX- or CUR-P/R-NLCs increased apoptosis in both cell lines exhibited the superior synergistic inhibitory effect on MCF7/ADR three-dimensional spheroids. Finally, in OVCAR3-xenografted mouse models, co-treatment with DTX- or CUR-loaded P/R-NLCs significantly suppressed tumor growth compared to the other treatment groups. Conclusions: Co-administration of DTX/CUR (1:3 w/w) using P/R-NLCs induced a synergistic effect against chemoresistant cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although off-midline incisions (unilateral low transverse or Pfannenstiel incision) have been reported to have a lower incidence of incisional hernia (IH) than periumbilical vertical incision for the purpose of specimen extraction, it is most commonly used in laparoscopic colon cancer surgery because off-midline incisions are associated with the limitation of colon exteriorization. This study aims to investigate the risk of IH after laparoscopic colectomy and compare midline vertical incision versus transverse incision focusing on the incidence of IH. Methods: Patients who underwent elective laparoscopic colectomy due to colon malignancy from June 2015 to May 2017 were included. All patients had either vertical (n = 429) or muscle splitting periumbilical transverse incisions (n = 125). Results: Median duration of the follow-up period was 23.6 months, during which IHs occurred in 12.1% patients. The incidence of hernia was significantly lower in the transverse group (3 vs. 64, 2.4% vs. 14.9%, p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, BMI ≥ 23 [odds ratio (OR) 2.282, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.245–4.182, p = 0.008], postoperative surgical site infection (OR 3.780, 95% CI 1.969–7.254, p < 0.001) and vertical incision (OR 7.113, 95% CI 2.173–23.287, p < 0.001) were independently related with increased incidence of IH. Conclusions: A muscle splitting periumbilical transverse incision could significantly reduce the rate of IH in minimally invasive colon cancer surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic rectifying diodes (ORDs) are a structurally simple yet functionally versatile element for advanced electronics. However, their operating principle, in association with the specificities of organic materials, is not well conceptualized. This study provides a comprehensive insight into a fundamental device phenomenon in ORDs, namely, ambient doping, and reveals for the first time its various footprints strongly affecting multiple in-device locations and operating regimes. High-performance pentacene-based diodes are fabricated and characterized in detail through current–voltage analysis, capacitance–voltage measurements, and broadband impedance spectroscopy. A highly analytical and correlative treatment of the whole data results in precise extraction of critical charge-injection, transport, and doping parameters, as well as a validated circuit model that systematically decouples the contact and bulk electronic processes governing the operation of ORDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Policosanol is a hypocholesterolemic derived from sugar cane and corn that downregulates blood cholesterol levels. It can further lower blood pressure and reduce liver inflammation. Policosanol can also affect vascular calcification, however, its molecular mechanisms are not well understood. This study investigated the effect of policosanol on vascular calcification and its molecular mechanism. Policosanol decreased the expression of inorganic phosphate (Pi)‐induced osteogenic genes such as distal‐less homeobox 5 (Dlx5) and runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). In addition, following policosanol treatment, adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation increased in a time‐dependent manner. The constitutively active form of AMPK (CA‐AMPK) dramatically suppressed Pi‐induced Dlx5 and Runx2 protein levels. Inactivation of AMPK using compound C (Com. C; AMPK inhibitor) recovered policosanol‐suppressed Alizarin Red S staining levels. Insulin‐induced genes (INSIGs) were induced by CA‐AMPK, their overexpression suppressed Pi‐induced Dlx5 and Runx2 expression. Taken together, the results demonstrate that policosanol inhibits Pi‐induced vascular calcification by regulating AMPK‐induced INSIG expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prompt and accurate identification of carbapenemase production is essential for appropriate treatment and infection control. NG-Test Carba 5 (termed herein "Carba 5"; NG Biotech, Guipry, France) is a multiplex immunochromatographic assay for the rapid phenotypic identification of five major carbapenemases (KPC, NDM, VIM, IMP, and OXA-48-like) from bacterial isolates. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of Carba 5 and its impact on the turn-around-time in a clinical microbiology laboratory. Results: Carba 5 was retrospectively evaluated using 78 carbapenemase producers and 23 non-carbapenemase producers confirmed by PCR and sequencing. The performance and time required for carbapenemase identification were prospectively evaluated using 47 carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates, and the results were compared to those obtained using Xpert Carba-R (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). For the bacterial isolates included in retrospective and prospective evaluation, the Carba 5 assay correctly identified 147 isolates except one isolate with a sensitivity of 99.13% (95% CI 95.25–99.98%) and specificity of 100% (95% CI 89.42–100%). The Carba 5 assay missed one VIM-1 among 13 VIM producers. The assay showed a sensitivity of 92.31% (95% CI 63.97–99.81%) for detecting VIM and 100% for detecting KPC, NDM, OXA-48-like, and IMP. Compared to the Xpert Carba-R assay, Carba 5 exhibited 100% agreement and was more time-efficient (median time 24 min vs. 1 h 11 min). Conclusions: The Carba 5 assay has potential as an alternative to molecular methods for detecting major carbapenemases from bacterial isolates in a clinical microbiology laboratory. Compared to the Xpert Carba-R, Carba 5 turns out to be more affordable and time-efficient while showing a comparable performance, and may accelerate therapeutic and infection control decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a direct link between contact properties of the transistor and electrical behaviors of the display system is established. Employing a liquid-crystal display driven by organic thin-film transistors as a model platform, systematic simulation of the image pixel circuit is performed to investigate this critical relationship. An elevated contact resistance at the transistor level is found to have a profound impact on charging dynamics of cell capacitors, revealing the importance of rendering such effects in designing advanced display electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar-driven N 2 fixation offers a green alternative to the highly energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process that releases more than 300 million metric tons of CO 2 annually to form NH 3. However, N 2 -reducing photoelectrochemical (PEC) studies have not elucidated how an oxidation reaction affects the N 2 reduction reaction (NRR). Here, we report a bias-free PEC platform for N 2 reduction to NH 3 and H 2 O oxidation to O 2 and H 2 O 2. Under solar light, the molybdenum-doped bismuth vanadate-based photoanodes extract electrons from H 2 O and transfer them to the silicon photovoltaic-wired hematite photocathode. The light-absorbing cathode receives the electrons to drive the NRR, which is influenced by the H 2 O oxidation reaction's conditions. Furthermore, the integration of PEC NRR with H 2 O 2 -dependent biocatalytic oxyfunctionalization achieves simultaneous synthesis of valuable chemicals on both electrodes. This work presents the first example of a PEC NRR platform coupled with H 2 O oxidation and H 2 O 2 -dependent oxygenation for unbiased chemical synthesis using N 2 , H 2 O, and sunlight. [Display omitted] • Si/α-Fe 2 O 3 hybrid photocathode realized the reduction of N 2 to NH 3. • FeOOH/Mo:BiVO 4 |Si/α-Fe 2 O 3 assembly achieved solar-powered, bias-free N 2 reduction using H 2 O as an electron donor. • Mo:BiVO 4 |Si/α-Fe 2 O 3 accomplished unbiased coupling of peroxygenase-driven oxyfunctionalization with N 2 reduction to NH 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bi-channel hetero-transistor with an anti-ambipolar structure composed of two different n-type and p-type semiconductors is essential for manufacturing high-performance application devices such as multi-valued logics and neuromorphic devices. However, it is very difficult to understand the charge transport mechanism of anti-ambipolar hetero-transistor (AAHT), and many researchers are trying to understand the mechanism of AAHT. Nevertheless, it is difficult to find research results that clearly suggest the charge transport properties of AAHT. To understand the mechanism of AAHT fabricated by n-type and p-type, it is an easier approach to understanding the mechanism of organic heterojunction transistors fabricated by p-type and p-type. In this study, we investigate charge transport behavior in a heterojunction bi-channel composed of two small-molecule p-type-to-p-type semiconductors: dinaphtho[2,3-b:2′,3′-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DNTT) and 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (C8-BTBT). The hole mobility (μ hole) and threshold voltage (V th) values extracted from the transfer curve for DNTT overlap bi-channel transistor (DOBCT) DNTT source operation was equal to 0.55 cm2V−1s−1 and −10.5 V, respectively, while those for C8-BTBT source operation were 0.58 cm2V−1s−1 and −31.4 V C8-BTBT overlap bi-channel transistor (COBCT) DNTT source operation was equal to 0.17 cm2V−1s−1 and −7.8 V, respectively, while those for C8-BTBT source operation were 0.21 cm2V−1s−1and −28.6 V. COBCT had a V th close to zero compared to DOBCT, and it was confirmed that DOBCT had higher mobility than COBCT. The reason is related to the channel length. In the DOBCT, the DNTT channel area occupies a shorter length than the C8-BTBT channel area in the channel layer. Conversely, in COBCT, the DNTT channel area is longer than the C8-BTBT channel area. Therefore, DOBCT is dominantly influenced by the electrical characteristics of C8-BTBT, and COBCT is dominantly influenced by DNTT. Also, when the electrical characteristics of the source operating electrode were compared, the DNTT source was confirmed to improve V th , and the C8-BTBT source was confirmed to improve mobility. The contact resistance between the C8-BTBT and the source electrode is 1.5 kΩ cm. However, since DNTT has a small contact resistance of 1 kΩ cm, V th characteristics were improved due to enhanced charge injection when charges were injected through DNTT. Additionally, the temperature dependence and light-responsivity of DOBCT and COBCT were investigated, and the temperature dependence was affected by the channel length. In addition, due to the light-responsivity of DNTT, both DOBCT and COBCT reacted to light with a wavelength of 400 nm. For the reliability of the experimental results, finite element simulation was performed, and the agreement between the experimental results and the theoretical facts was demonstrated. [Display omitted] • P-type-to-p-type C8-BTBT/DNTT heterostructure organic transistors were investigated. • A fundamental aspect of how easy it is to transport charge between different materials was studied by means of the formation bi-channel. • Comprehensive device parameters including Vth and mobilities in bi-channel transistors were compared. • A 2D finite element numerical simulation on a drift-diffusion framework inside transistor channels was performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The bacterial communities associated with mosquito eggs are an essential component of the mosquito microbiota, yet there are few studies characterizing and comparing the microbiota of mosquito eggs to other host tissues. Methods: We sampled gravid female Culex pipiens L. and Culex restuans Theobald from the field, allowed them to oviposit in the laboratory, and characterized the bacterial communities associated with their egg rafts and midguts for comparison through MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Results: Bacterial richness was higher in egg rafts than in midguts for both species, and higher in Cx pipiens than Cx. restuans. The midgut samples of Cx. pipiens and Cx. restuans were dominated by Providencia. Culex pipiens and Cx. restuans egg rafts samples were dominated by Ralstonia and Novosphingobium, respectively. NMDS ordination based on Bray-Curtis distance matrix revealed that egg-raft samples, or midgut tissues harbored similar bacterial communities regardless of the mosquito species. Within each mosquito species, there was a distinct clustering of bacterial communities between egg raft and midgut tissues. Conclusion: These findings expand the list of described bacterial communities associated with Cx. pipiens and Cx. restuans and the additional characterization of the egg raft bacterial communities facilitates comparative analysis of mosquito host tissues, providing a basis for future studies seeking to understand any functional role of the bacterial communities in mosquito biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contact resistance of organic field-effect transistors is revisited to address its fundamental origin, parametric interplays, and technological implications. In a time when flexible electronics powered by an organic circuit comes close to the market, the revelation of wide-spread carrier mobility overestimation has astonished the broad scientific community, as this may contradict some of the most significant developments made to date. Since the contact resistance was pointed out as the major reason behind the issue, the research into reducing or eliminating this resistance has become more intense and justified than ever. However, there have been other revelations that suggest the benefits of contact resistance in certain structures and applications. Therefore, it seems timely to fairly judge the true meaning and consequences of the contact resistance, and to provide a comprehensive view covering both its positive and negative aspects, which constitutes the main motivation of this article. To maximize the depth of discussion, several important backgrounds for contact effects will be recapitulated before tackling selected practical problems of contact resistance, and before clarifying when it should actually be minimized and when it could otherwise serve as a useful element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capacitive behavior of pentacene films was investigated in the metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) diode structure. Impedance analysis of diodes with a thick pentacene layer up to 1012 nm showed a full depletion of the organic layer. This observation allowed us to regard the MSM diode as a parallel-plate capacitor in the reverse-bias regime without current flow. Under forward-bias, the diode was evaluated through frequency-dependent impedance measurements by using an equivalent circuit composed of a single parallel resistance-capacitance circuit. The analysis of the data in both the reverse and forward bias regime led us to electrical methods for quantifying dielectric properties of pentacene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dinaphtho[2,3-b:2',3'-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DNTT) is a widely used small-molecular p-type organic semiconductor. Despite the broad availability of high-performance DNTT transistors, there is a lack of investigation into other devices based on this semiconductor. In this study, rectifying diodes with DNTT as a single transport medium are fabricated and characterized. Realizing unipolar current rectification from asymmetric metal contacts, a number of physical and electrical properties of DNTT are made accessible. Current–voltage measurement, broad-band impedance spectroscopy, drift-diffusion simulation, and equivalent-circuit modeling are combined to quantify important parameters such as dielectric constant, trap energy, and lifetime. These results provide a practical reference for the design and optimization of diverse electronic devices incorporating DNTT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ever‐increasing demand for a healthy and sustainable life has been a traditional motivation behind state‐of‐the‐art medicines and precision diagnosis tools. Nowadays, the ultra‐connectivity and data‐centric initiatives that underpin the future Internet of Things is seen as another major driver of electronically enriched, highly customizable healthcare platforms. Especially, the information display technology, which already enjoys its position as an all‐round player in consumer electronics is poised to broaden its territory by envisioning a range of bio‐related features. In this review, the rising opportunities for next‐generation display‐based biotechnology and healthcare systems are critically assessed in light of recent literature. Clearly, smart combination of new materials, devices, and integration strategies has given rise to highly promising prototypes, and this article aims at highlighting some of these examples. Despite such progress, it is still unclear whether the resultant technologies will make a measurable impact in the near future, given both their own scientific limits and the lack of proper business model. In this regard, the final part of this contribution is dedicated to emergent challenges as well as development solutions that this potentially disruptive innovation may need to consider. In this review, the rising opportunities for next‐generation display‐based biotechnology and healthcare systems are critically assessed in light of recent literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Bias-stress effects in diF-TES-ADT transistors are strongly electrode-dependent. • Transfer curves of the devices are assessed by a holistic modeling approach. • Contact resistance plays an important role in describing the stress responses. Abstract A systematic analysis of the bias-stress effects in solution-processed organic field-effect transistors is reported. Difluoro 5,11-bis(triethylsilylethynyl) anthradithiophene, a high-performance molecular semiconductor, forms a charge-transport channel and is coupled with injection contacts made of Au, Ag, or Cu. The electrode metal is found to not only greatly affect the switching performances but also drive the response of transistors to the extended applications of gate voltage. The observations are put into the framework of contact-limited transistor model, which holistically assesses the material, geometry, and stress-related contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Perineural invasion (PNI) has emerged as an important factor related to colorectal cancer spread; however, the impact of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) on PNI remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the prognostic value of PNI, along with lymphovascular invasion (LVI), in rectal cancer patients treated with nCRT.Methods: This single-center observational study of pathologic variables, including PNI and LVI, analyzed 1411 invasive rectal cancer patients (965 and 446 patients treated with primary resection and nCRT, respectively).Results: The overall detection rates of LVI and PNI were 16.7 and 28.8%, respectively. The incidence of LVI was significantly lower in patients treated with nCRT (8.1 vs. 20.6%, P < .001); this was confirmed by multivariate analysis. However, PNI was not affected by nCRT (with nCRT 28.3% vs. without nCRT 29.1%, P = .786). In the 446 patients with nCRT, multivariate analysis revealed that PNI was an independent prognostic factor for both disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). For the prediction of both 5-year DFS and OS, the C-index for the combinations of T-stage with the PNI (TPNI) system showed favorable result, especially in patients with a total number of harvested lymph nodes <8.Conclusion: PNI is a meaningful prognostic factor for rectal cancer patients treated with nCRT, especially when <8 lymph nodes are harvested. The lack of influence of nCRT on the PNI incidence suggests that residual tumor cells with PNI are more radioresistant or biologically aggressive than those without. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we prepared a Pd composite membrane with high hydrogen permeance and thermal stability on a tubular porous stainless steel (PSS) support by ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid-free electroless plating. The conventional yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was replaced with a NiO/YSZ/NiO multilayer as the diffusion barrier, and the latter was introduced on a PSS tube (diameter of 12.7 mm, length of 450 mm, and surface area of 175 cm 2 ). A long-term thermal stability test revealed that the NiO/YSZ/NiO multilayer significantly reduced the growth rate of nitrogen leakage. The test was carried out for ~1150 h on a 2.5-µm thick Pd membrane deposited on a NiO/YSZ/NiO/PSS tube (diameter of 25.4 mm, length of 450 mm, and surface area of 350 cm 2 ). The hydrogen permeance obtained at the end of the test was 3.81 × 10 −3 mol m −2 s −1 Pa −0.5 , and the H 2 /N 2 selectivity was ~87 at a temperature of 773 K and pressure difference of 101.3 kPa. The rate of increase in nitrogen leakage during the test was 3.05 × 10 –11 mol m −2 s −1 Pa −0.5 h −1 , which demonstrated the ability of the NiO/YSZ/NiO multilayer to mitigate nitrogen leakage. To produce hydrogen using the Pd composite membrane reactor, steam methane reforming was conducted under the following operating conditions: pressure, 430–1114 kPa; temperature, 883 K; and gas hourly space velocity, 1000 h −1 . The reaction yielded a methane conversion and hydrogen recovery of 75.1% and 97.9%, respectively. The permeate stream was composed of 93.1 vol% H 2 , 0.6 vol% CO, 1.8 vol% CH 4 , and 4.5 vol% CO 2 . The gas composition of the permeate stream was suitable for use as fuel in a high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although metallic nanostructures in solar cells provide versatility in designing useful plasmonic architectures, understanding is still limited on how to exploit their multi-scale contribution as tunable performance. In this article, we suggest a characteristic model that develops into a simple and robust tool for guiding optimization of plasmonic solar devices. The model is conceptually based on the breakdown of the active region into intrinsic and plasmonic sub-circuits, by which the terminal currents are directly correlated with particle geometries and local improvement. Measurements from organic cells support the validity of our theory, and a series of simulation provides further insights into the critical trade-off between voltage and current generation, finally offering a strategy for efficiency enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to investigate the prognostic factors of patients with stage IIA (T3N0M0) colon cancer in terms of macroscopic serosal invasion and small tumor size.Methods: We enrolled 375 stage IIA colon cancer patients who underwent curative resection between January 2004 and December 2011. Macroscopic serosal invasion was defined as tumor nodules or colloid changes protruding the surface of the serosa. The clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed to identify independent prognostic factors.Results: The median follow-up was 47 months (range, 1-90 months). On multivariate survival analysis, macroscopic serosal invasion (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 4.750; p = 0.013), tumor size < 5 cm (adjusted HR = 3.112, p = 0.009), perineural invasion (adjusted HR = 3.528; p = 0.002), < 12 retrieved lymph nodes (adjusted HR = 4.257; p = 0.002), and localized perforation (adjusted HR = 7.666; p = 0.008) were independent risk factors for recurrence.Conclusion: We found novel prognostic factors of stage IIA colon cancer, including macroscopic serosal invasion and small tumor size (< 5 cm). Further studies are needed to evaluate the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with these prognostic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trampolines are recognized as a valuable tool in exercise and rehabilitation due to their unique properties like elasticity, rebound force, low-impact exercise, and enhancement of posture, balance, and cardiopulmonary function. To quantitatively assess the effects of trampoline exercises, it is essential to estimate factors such as stiffness, elements influencing jump dynamics, and user safety. Previous studies assessing trampoline characteristics had limitations in performing repetitive experiments at various locations on the trampoline. Therefore, this research introduces a robotic system equipped with foot-shaped jigs to evaluate trampoline stiffness and quantitatively measure exercise effects. This system, through automated, repetitive movements at various locations on the trampoline, accurately measures the elastic coefficient and vertical forces. The robot maneuvers based on the coordinates of the trampoline, as determined by its torque and position sensors. The force sensor measures data related to the force exerted, along with the vertical force data at X, Y, and Z coordinates. The model's accuracy was evaluated using linear regression based on Hooke's Law, with Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Correlation Coefficient Squared (R-squared) metrics. In the analysis including only the distance between X and the foot-shaped jigs, the average MAE, RMSE, and R-squared values were 17.9702, 21.7226, and 0.9840, respectively. Notably, expanding the model to include distances in X, Y, and between the foot-shaped jigs resulted in a decrease in MAE to 15.7347, RMSE to 18.8226, and an increase in R-squared to 0.9854. The integrated model, including distances in X, Y, and between the foot-shaped jigs, showed improved predictive capability with lower MAE and RMSE and higher R-squared, indicating its effectiveness in more accurately predicting trampoline dynamics, vital in fitness and rehabilitation fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The charge trap property of solution-processed zirconium acetylacetonate (ZAA) for solution-processed nonvolatile charge-trap memory (CTM) transistors is demonstrated. Increasing the annealing temperature of the ZAA from room temperature (RT) to 300°C in ambient, the carbon double bonds within the ZAA decreases. The RT-dried ZAA for the p-type organic-based CTM shows the widest threshold voltage shift (∆VTH ≈ 80 V), four distinct VTHs for a multi-bit memory operation and retained memory currents for 103 s with high memory on- and off-current ratio (IM,ON/IM,OFF ≈ 5Ⅹ104). The n-type oxide-based CTM (Ox-CTM) also shows a ∆VTH of 14 V and retained memory currents for 103 s with IM,ON/IM,OFF ≈ 104. The inability of the Ox-CTM to be electrically erasable is well explained with simulated electrical potential contour maps. It is deduced that, irrespective of the varied solution-processed semiconductor used, the RT-dried organic ZAA as CTL shows the best memory functionality in the fabricated CTMs. This implies that the high carbon double bonds in the low-temperature processed ZAA CTL are very useful for low-cost multi-bit CTMs in flexible electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Estimating arbovirus transmission potential requires a mechanistic understanding of how environmental factors influence the expression of adult mosquito traits. While preimaginal exposure to environmental factors can have profound effects on adult traits, tracking and predicting these effects remains challenging. Methods: Using Aedes albopictus and a structural equation modeling approach, we explored how larval nutrition and temperature jointly affect development rate and success, female body size, and whether these metrics capture carry-over effects on adult female longevity. Additionally, we investigated how larval diet and temperature affect the baseline expression of 10 immune genes. Results: We found that larval development success was primarily determined by diet, while temperature and diet both affected development rate and female body size. Under a low larval diet, pupal wet weight and wing length both declined with increasing temperature. In contrast, responses of the two morphometric measures to rearing temperature diverged when females were provided higher larval nutrition, with pupal wet weight increasing and wing length decreasing at higher temperatures. Our analyses also revealed opposing relationships between adult female lifespan and the two morphometric measures, with wing length having a positive association with longevity and pupal weight a negative association. Larval diet indirectly affected adult longevity, and the time to pupation was negatively correlated with longevity. The expression of eight immune genes from the toll, JAK-STAT and Imd pathways was enhanced in mosquitoes with higher nutrition. Conclusions: Our results highlight deficiencies from using a single body size measure to capture carry-over effects on adult traits. Further studies of larval development rate under varying environmental conditions and its potential for tracking carry-over effects on vectorial capacity are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is normally contraindicated in significant aortic regurgitation (AR). It causes and aggravates pre-existing AR while performing well in the event of mitral regurgitation (MR). Indirect parameters, such as the mean systolic pressure, product of heart rate and peak systolic pressure, and pressure-volume are used to quantify the effect of IABP on ventricular workload. However, to date, no studies have directly quantified the reduction in workload with IABP. The goal of this study is to examine the effect of IABP therapy on ventricular mechanics under valvular insufficiency by using a computational model of the heart. For this purpose, the 3D electromechanical model of the failing ventricles used in previous studies was coupled with a lumped parameter model of valvular regurgitation and the IABP-treated vascular system. The IABP therapy was disturbed in terms of reducing the myocardial tension generation and contractile ATP consumption by valvular regurgitation, particularly in the AR condition. The IABP worsened the problem of ventricular expansion induced as a result of the regurgitated blood volume during the diastole under the AR condition. The IABP reduced the LV stroke work in the AR, MR, and no regurgitation conditions. Therefore, the IABP helped the ventricle to pump blood and reduced the ventricular workload. In conclusion, the IABP partially performed its role in the MR condition. However, it was disturbed by the AR and worsened the cardiovascular responses that followed the AR. Therefore, this study computationally proved the reason for the clinical contraindication of IABP in AR patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the aim of producing hydrogen at low cost and with a high conversion efficiency, steam methane reforming (SMR) was carried out under moderate operating conditions in a Pd-based composite membrane reactor packed with a commercial Ru/Al 2 O 3 catalyst. A Pd-based composite membrane with a thickness of 4–5 μm was prepared on a tubular stainless steel support (diameter of 12.7 mm, length of 450 mm) using electroless plating (ELP). The Pd-based composite membrane had a hydrogen permeance of 2.4 × 10 −3 mol m −1 s −1 Pa −0.5 and an H 2 /N 2 selectivity of 618 at a temperature of 823 K and a pressure difference of 10.1 kPa. The SMR test was conducted at 823 K with a steam-to-carbon ratio of 3.0 and gas hourly space velocity of 1000 h −1 ; increasing the pressure difference resulted in enhanced methane conversion, which reached 82% at a pressure difference of 912 kPa. To propose a guideline for membrane design, a process simulation was conducted for conversion enhancement as a function of pressure difference using Aspen HYSYS ® . A stability test for SMR was conducted for ∼120 h; the methane conversion, hydrogen production rate, and gas composition were monitored. During the SMR test, the carbon monoxide concentration in the total reformed stream was <1%, indicating that a series of water gas shift reactors was not needed in our membrane reactor system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a methane steam reforming (MSR) reaction was carried out using a Pd composite membrane reactor packed with a commercial Ru/Al 2 O 3 catalyst under mild operating conditions, to produce hydrogen with CO 2 capture. The Pd composite membrane was fabricated on a tubular stainless steel support by the electroless plating (ELP) method. The membrane exhibited a hydrogen permeance of 2.26 × 10 −3 mol m 2 s −1 Pa −0.5 , H 2 /N 2 selectivity of 145 at 773 K, and pressure difference of 20.3 kPa. The MSR reaction, which was carried out at steam to carbon ratio (S/C) = 3.0, gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) = 1700 h −1 , and 773 K, showed that methane conversion increased with the pressure difference and reached 79.5% at ΔP = 506 kPa. This value was ∼1.9 time higher than the equilibrium value at 773 K and 101 kPa. Comparing with the previous studies which introduced sweeping gas for low hydrogen partial pressure in the permeate stream, very high pressure difference (2500–2900 kPa) for increase of hydrogen recovery and very low GHSV (<150) for increase hydraulic retention time (HRT), our result was worthy of notice. The gas composition monitored during the long-term stability test showed that the permeate side was composed of 97.8 vol% H 2 , and the retentate side contained 67.8 vol% CO 2 with 22.2 vol% CH 4 . When energy was recovered by CH 4 combustion in the retentate streams, pre-combustion carbon capture was accomplished using the Pd-based composite membrane reactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anastomotic stricture following colorectal cancer surgery is not a rare complication, but proper management of anastomotic stricture located close to the anal verge is uncertain. This study aimed to investigate risk factors and management strategies for anastomotic stricture after ultralow anterior resection (ULAR).Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a database of patients with rectal cancer who underwent surgery between January 2007 and June 2015, and included patients with an anastomosis within 4 cm from the anal verge. Clinical outcomes and risk factors for anastomotic stricture were investigated.Results: Among the 586 patients included, 46 (7.8%) were diagnosed as having anastomotic stricture. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that intersphincteric resection (ISR) with hand-sewn anastomosis (odds ratio [OR] = 3.070; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.247-7.557) and postoperative radiotherapy (OR 6.237; 95% CI 1.961-19.841) were independent risk factors of anastomotic stricture. Forty-one (89.1%) underwent anastomotic dilatation with a Hegar dilator; while three patients (6.5%) underwent endoscopic balloon dilatation and two (4.3%) underwent surgery initially. Among the patients with initial nonoperative management (n = 44), 21 (47.7%) were completely cured with nonoperative management alone, 12 (27.3%) experienced complications, such as bowel perforation, anastomotic rupture, and perirectal abscess; and 21 (47.7%) underwent further surgical management. Fifteen patients (32.6%) eventually had permanent stoma.Conclusion: ISR with a hand-sewn coloanal anastomosis, compared to ULAR with double-stapling anastomosis, and postoperative radiotherapy were independent risk factors of anastomotic stricture after surgery for very low-lying rectal cancer. Nonoperative anastomotic dilatation showed poor clinical outcome, with high complication rates, and subsequent surgical management. Therefore, nonoperative management of such patients should be carefully selected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the robust control method is proposed for air-gap positioning of magnetic levitation systems considering levitation disturbance forces caused by propulsion systems. Even though the disturbance effect occurs inevitably by propulsion systems, it is very difficult or impossible to be measured by sensors in real time. In order to maintain the constant air-gap position according to the reference command in the propulsion state of the vehicle, robust control for electromagnetic suspension against levitation disturbance force is highly required. The disturbance force caused by propulsion systems is predicted by the finite-element method analysis of the magnetic flux distribution. Based on the analyzed result, the robust and optimal levitation controller is designed by the convex optimization method for the proposed proportional integral derivative controller with the inner feedback compensator stabilizing the nonlinear plant. The proposed controller has the formulation of the conventional full-state feedback optimal controller based on state-output matching for the unmeasured state. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified by simulation and finite-element method analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background We aimed to elucidate the effects of arachnoid plasty (ARP) on chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) occurrence following clipping surgery. Methods In total 217 patients (ARP, n = 97; non-ARP, n = 120) who had undergone unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) surgical clipping via the pterional approach were retrospectively assessed. Predisposing factors for CSDH development following the surgery were investigated. Thickness and volume of the subdural fluid collection (SDFC) were measured to determine whether ARP affects postoperative SDFC. Results The occurrence of postoperative CSDH was higher in patients without ARP compared to those with ARP (12.5 vs. 3.1%; P = 0.01). In multivariate analyses, having an SDFC volume ≥15 mL on postoperative day (POD) 8, (odds ratio [OR] = 15.113; range = 3.159–72.290), and male sex (OR = 4.274; range = 1.291–14.148) were identified as independent predictive factors. Having had ARP (OR = 0.228; range = 0.056–0.927) was, as an independent variable, negatively correlated with the occurrence of CSDH ( P < 0.05). Moreover, SDFC volume ≥15 ml on POD 8 was significantly less common in the ARP group compared with the non-ARP group ( P = 0.03). Conclusion Patients who underwent ARPs developed fewer CSDHs following UIA clipping surgery. The factors that predicted the development of CSDH included male sex, SDFC volume on POD 8, and ARP. In addition, the ARP patients had lower SDFC volumes (<15 mL). These findings suggested that ARP reduced the incidence of CSDHs after surgical clippings in patients with unruptured aneurysms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims The CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) is found in approximately 30% of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases. However, the role of CIMP status in predicting oncologic outcomes in curatively resected CRC is still unclear. Study Between January 2006 and December 2006, we retrospectively reviewed 157 consecutive patients who underwent curative surgery for CRC. Prognostic significance of CIMP status was evaluated using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Results CIMP-high (H) and CIMP-none/low (N/L) tumors were found in 50 cases (31.8%) and 107 cases (68.2%), respectively. CIMP-H tumors were significantly associated with female sex, colonic location, poorly/mucinous histologic type, higher T category, perineural invasion, and MSI-high status ( P = 0.001). During a median of 64.5 months, tumor recurrence developed in 47 (29.9%) patients. The 5-year disease-free survival for CIMP-H and CIMP-N/L was 61.4% and 76.3% ( P = 0.018). In addition, multivariate analysis showed that CIMP-H was also a significant prognostic factor ( P = 0.042). When analysis was performed according to anatomical location, more marked survival differences were observed in patients with colon cancer ( P = 0.026) than in patients with rectal cancer ( P = 0.210). Similarly, the role of CIMP status as a prognostic indicator was more prominent in patients with stage I/II ( P = 0.006) than in patients with stage III/IV CRC ( P = 0.65). Conclusions DNA methylation status can be considered as a useful predictor of survival after CRC surgery, particularly for patients with stage I/II disease or colon cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The effect of fecal stream diversion on the gut microbiota is still uncertain. The present study was designed to assess the effect of fecal stream diversion on the composition of the gut microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer. We included patients undergoing left-sided colorectal cancer surgery with (ileostomy group) or without (control group) diverting ileostomy. Fecal samples were collected from 10 patients in each group before surgery (t1) and after ileostomy repair in the ileostomy group and 6–12 months after the initial surgery in the control group (t2). The fecal microbiota was assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing, and changes in the composition of the fecal microbiota were compared between the two groups. Results: Alpha diversity analysis revealed that the complexity of fecal microbiota decreased between t1 and t2 only in the ileostomy group. Beta diversity analysis also showed dissimilarity between t1 and t2 only in the ileostomy group. The composition of the microbiota was similar between the two groups at t1. However, at t2, the ileostomy group had lower proportion of beneficial bacteria (Lachnospiraceae, 3.8% vs. 29.9%, p < 0.001; Ruminococcaceae, 0.6% vs. 18.4%, p < 0.001; Blautia, 0.1% vs. 9.1%, p < 0.001; Faecalibacterium, 0.2% vs. 7.5%, p < 0.001) and a higher proportion of harmful bacteria (Proteobacteria, 17.9% vs. 5.1%, p = 0.006; Clostridium, 16.2% vs. 1.1%, p = 0.013; Streptococcus, 17.7% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.002) than the control group. Conclusions: Fecal stream diversion was closely associated with less diversity and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Although many surgical strategies have been used to reduce the anastomotic leak (AL) rate after laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery, limited data are available on the risk factors for AL and the effective strategy to reduce AL. Methods. The present study enrolled 736 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic resection without a diverting stoma for rectal adenocarcinoma. A nomogram was constructed to predict AL. Based on the nomogram, personalized risk was calculated and sequential surgical strategies were monitored using risk-adjusted cumulative sum (RA-CUSUM) analysis. Results. Among the 736 patients, clinical AL occurred in 65 patients (8.8%). Sex, an American Society of Anesthesiologists score, operation time, blood transfusion, and tumor location were identified as significant predictive factors for AL. Based on these factors, a nomogram was created to predict AL, with a concordance index (C-index) of 0.753 (95% confidence interval, 0.690–0.816). A calibration plot showed good statistical performance on internal validation (bias-corrected C-index of 0.742). The RA-CUSUM curve showed that extended splenic flexure mobilization (SFM) could be the most influential strategy to reduce AL. Conclusions. Our nomogram for predicting AL after laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery might be helpful to identify the individual risk of AL. Furthermore, extended SFM might be the most appropriate strategy for reducing AL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we present an intermetallic diffusion barrier coating using a newly developed blowing coating method for a thermally stable Pd-based composite membrane on porous stainless steel (PSS). A tubular PSS sample with 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in diameter and 450 mm in length was used for the support. The support was welded with a stainless-steel cap and a 450-mm-long stainless-steel tube for each end. Before the diffusion barrier coating, the large-sized entrance pores were gradually blocked with sub-micron (∼500 nm) and nano (50–80 nm) yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ). 8YSZ, i.e., 8wt.% YSZ, was used for the interdiffusion barrier material and dispersed on the surface of the pre-treated PSS using the blowing coating method. The blowing coating method has 4 steps: (i) spraying the 17 wt. % 8YSZ paste on the surface of the PSS tube, (ii) blowing the paste using compressed air, (iii) drying at room temperature, and (iv) heat treatment at 923 K for 2 h in air. Steps (i) and (ii) were repeated 3 times to have a ∼240 nm thick 8YSZ layer. A thin palladium layer (∼3 μm) was deposited on the pre-treated PSS using electroless plating, and the membrane stability was tested at 673–773 K for ∼ 200 h. A hydrogen permeation flux of 9.86 × 10 −2 mol m −2 s −1 and an H 2 /N 2 selectivity of 595 were obtained at 773 K and a transmembrane pressure difference of 20 kPa. The surface and cross-sectional SEM/EDX analysis confirmed that the 8YSZ layer sufficiently prevented the interdiffusion between Pd and PSS elements, such as Fe, Cr and Ni. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal oxide (MOx) dielectric materials are considered to be a key element for diverse thin-film electronic systems owing to their superior electrical and mechanical properties. While the vast majority of conventional methods for processing these materials rely on vacuum-based deposition, which seriously limits their potential for practical applications, the solution-based deposition of sol-gel MOx materials can ideally reduce both material and processing costs by introducing large-area printing methods. Nonetheless, the fundamental understanding of their film-forming mechanisms and optimum device architectures is still immature, and significant efforts should be devoted to reducing both temperature and duration for MOx polycondensation and film densification. This article reviews recent advances in solution-based MOx dielectric materials, with a specific focus on the extensive categorization of their structures/compositions and on advanced approaches for realizing ultimate material properties and next-generation device platforms. We expect that this review will manifest the strong potentials of sol-gel MOx dielectric materials toward all-solution-processed low-voltage transparent electronics with freedom in mechanical form factors along with unrivaled performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field-effect transistors based on a graphene-organic semiconductor vertical hybrid hold great promise for applications that require a minimal driving voltage, a high current density, and a large transconductance gain. Despite impressive performances reported up to date, their working principles are still not well understood, and therefore a widely applicable functional model is now deemed essential. Here, we report on a physical current-voltage model based on the macroscopic footprints of charge transport and injection associated with the energetic asymmetry within the active diode part of a transistor. The model is composed of separate descriptions of negative and positive drain-biased circuits, which are added to build a single set of equations valid for a broad sweep range. The proposed model is validated by simulating a high-performance fullerene-based device, of which the extracted physical parameters are discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper presents the stress test method developed for Korean nuclear power plants focusing assessment method of plant response capability to the loss of safety functions due to extended loss of AC power (ELAP) and loss of ultimate heat sink (LUHS). • This paper also shows assessment results of plant response capability in the events of ELAP and LUHS of OPR1000 that is a standardized PWR by Korea based on the ABB-CE System 80. • Multi-barrier accident coping strategy (MACST) guidelines have been developed to accomplish specific tasks in support of emergency operating procedures (EOP) when the extended loss power AC power and/or loss of ultimate heat sink is in progress as a consequence of beyond design basis natural events. • Safety provisions to secure critical safety functions are presented with cliff edge time evaluation at each step of plant response to extended loss of AC power and loss of ultimate heat sink. This paper presents a stress test method developed for Korean nuclear power plant and assessment results of plant response capability of OPR1000 in an effort to enhance the safety against extreme natural events exceeding the design basis of the plant. Multi-barrier accident coping strategy (MACST) guidelines have been developed to accomplish specific tasks in support of Emergency Operating Procedures (EOP) when the Extended Loss of AC Power (ELAP) and/or Loss of Ultimate Heat Sink (LUHS) is in progress as a consequence of beyond design basis natural events. Provisions to secure critical safety functions are discussed with cliff edge time evaluation at each step of plant response to ELAP and LUHS. It is concluded that the plant can maintain the safe shutdown state through the natural circulation cooldown by steam generator and the electric power and can obtain additional capability and redundancy with off-site equipment to provide coping capability for an indefinite period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, fine, uniform nano-scale layers of Pd were deposited by an advanced sputtering system with high vacuum, high temperature, and high power to overcome the limitations of existing sputtering systems. Thin Pd films formed by continuous sputtering exhibited vertical growth, combined with the lateral growth of Pd clusters due to the improved reactivity of Pd nano-particles, the diffusion of activated Pd atoms at high temperature, and the self-catalyst effect of the porous nickel support (PNS). Additionally, uniformly dense Pd structures were formed by the successive deposition of Pd particles, and Pd clusters formed with a uniform density. A fine Pd–Au alloy membrane manufactured by this advanced sputtering system not only improved hydrogen selectivity due to the pinhole-free membrane surface but also increased hydrogen permeability because the thin film had a thickness less than 6 µm and a uniformly fine grained structure. Additionally, the Pd alloy membrane exhibited enhanced durability because the inter-diffusion of the support component to the membrane surface was prevented by the low temperature of the heat treatment for crystallization and the low alloying temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Light-emitting diode (LED) phototherapy and water bath therapy have beneficial effect on atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin disease. However, not all current treatments work well and alternative therapies are need. The contribution of combination therapy with low-dose 850 nm LED and water bath was investigated on dermatophagoides farina (Df)-induced dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Methods Low-dose LED (10, 15, and 20 J/cm2) irradiation, water bath (36 ± 1°C) were administered separately and together to the Df-induced NC/Nga mice in acrylic jar once a day for 2 weeks. Results Combined therapy with low-dose LED therapy and water bath therapy significantly ameliorated the development of AD-like skin lesions. These effects were correlated with the suppression of total IgE, NO, histamine, and Th2-mediated immune responses. Furthermore, combination therapy significantly reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the induction of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in the skin lesions. The beneficial therapeutic effects of this combination therapy might regulate by the inhibition of various immunological responses including Th2-mediated immune responses, inflammatory mediators such as IgE, histamine, and NO, as well as inflammatory cells. Conclusions The combination therapy of LED and water bath might be used as an efficacious, safe, and steroid-free alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to compare the oncologic outcomes between treatment strategies for rectal cancer [radical surgery, local excision (LE), and the wait-and-see approach] in radiologic complete responders after neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed rectal cancer patients and included 52 radiologic complete responders after nCRT defined as no residual tumor or residual fibrosis and no suspicious metastatic lymph nodes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Clinicopathologic features and oncologic outcomes were compared according to the treatment strategies. Results: The median follow-up period was 41 months (range, 6-80). Twenty-eight patients underwent radical surgery, whereas 16 underwent LE, and 8 were closely monitored without initial surgery. The pathologic complete response rate was 40.9%. Patients who underwent radical surgery showed better prognosis compared to those who underwent LE or wait-and-see (3-year disease-free survival: radical surgery 85.0% vs. LE 62.5%, wait-and-see 75.0%, p = 0.019; 3-year local recurrence-free survival: radical surgery 96.4% vs. LE 67.0%, wait-and-see 75.0%, p = 0.009). After recurrence, patients who underwent salvage surgery showed a relatively good oncologic outcome. Conclusion: Pursuing LE or the wait-and-see approach instead of radical surgery in rectal cancer patients undergoing nCRT may bring about a detrimental oncologic outcome if clinical complete response is solely determined by MRI. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although cyclosporine A (CsA) is a potent immunomodulating agent and is commonly used as a systemic agent for the management of psoriasis patients, current clinical treatments are not always effective due to the clinical inefficacy of low-doses and numerous harmful effects of higher doses. Currently, the combined use of two other systemic drugs often has better therapeutic efficacy and is safer than low or high dose of a single drug. Glucosamine (Glu) also has immunomodulatory properties for autoimmune diseases. The aims of our study were to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of Glu in combination with low-dose CsA on imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis in mice and to determine its immunomodulatory mechanism. We found that combined treatment with Glu (300 mg/kg) and low-dose (10 or 20 mg/kg) CsA strongly ameliorated the development of psoriasis-like skin lesions and reduced the levels of Th1 cytokine (TNF-α) and Th17 cytokines (IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23) in the serum and dorsal skin. Histological findings also showed that the thickening of epidermis, stratum corneum, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Particularly, these combined treatments increased the number of CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T (Treg) cells in splenic. These results suggest that use of a combination of each drug might be used as an efficacious and safe alternative therapeutic strategy, as well as may provide an immunomodulatory approach for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vertical integration of graphenewith inorganic semiconductors,oxide semiconductors, and newly emerging layered materials has recentlybeen demonstrated as a promising route toward novel electronic andoptoelectronic devices. Here, we report organic thin film transistorsbased on vertical heterojunctions of graphene and organic semiconductors.In these thin heterostructure devices, current modulation is accomplishedby tuning of the injection barriers at the semiconductor/grapheneinterface with the application of a gate voltage. N-channel devicesfabricated with a thin layer of C60show a room temperatureon/off ratio >104and current density of up to 44 mAcm–2. Because of the ultrashort channel intrinsic to thevertical structure, the device is fully operational at a driving voltageof 200 mV. A complementary p-channel device is also investigated,and a logic inverter based on two complementary transistors is demonstrated.The vertical integration of graphene with organic semiconductors viasimple, scalable, and low-temperature fabrication processes opensup new opportunities to realize flexible, transparent organic electronic,and optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellular senescence is an irreversible cell cycle arrest in which specific mRNAs and miRNAs are involved in senescence progression. miRNAs interact with specific mRNAs to regulate various cellular mechanisms, including metabolism, proliferation, apoptosis, senescence and differentiation. In this study, we identify and characterize miRNAs during cellular senescence in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Using previously reported miRNAs, expression profiling of 23 miRNAs was performed using real-time PCR analysis. Among these miRNAs, 19 miRNAs showed upregulated expression patterns in senescent MSCs compared with young MSCs, and 5 miRNAs were downregulated. These miRNAs have not been previously identified as being related to cellular senescence but seem to be related. miR-103-2*, miR-140-5p and miR-330-5p are highly upregulated, while miR-29b and miR-199b-5p are significantly downregulated in senescent MSCs. We identify unique functions of 5 miRNAs and predict putative target genes of 5 miRNAs using our previous report. Among them, miR-199b-5p directly suppressed LAMC1 expression, as shown in a luciferase assay. miR-199b-5p significantly regulates translational activity but does not control post-transcriptional activity. Likewise, miR-199b-5p modulates LAMC networks, which demonstrates the resulting phenomenon during cellular senescence, namely, that miR-199b-5p indirectly regulates cellular senescence in MSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early postoperative small bowel obstruction is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality but has not been well documented in the era of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer. Subjects and Methods: Consecutive patients who had undergone laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer were studied. Results: In total, 1787 patients (105 with and 1682 without early postoperative small bowel obstruction) with colorectal cancer requiring laparoscopic colorectal surgery were evaluated in this study. Ten patients (0.56% among the total patient population, 9.5% among patients who experienced early postoperative small bowel obstruction) who did not respond to conservative treatment for more than 14 days required surgical intervention. Multivariate analysis showed that male sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.27), combined operation (AOR=2.23), and diverting stoma (AOR=4.79) were associated with a higher early postoperative small bowel obstruction rate. For factors related to surgical difficulty, open conversion (AOR=2.85), blood transfusion (AOR=3.51), and an operation time longer than 180 minutes (AOR=1.91) were independent factors associated with an increased early postoperative small bowel obstruction rate. Conclusions: Early postoperative small bowel obstruction following laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer occurred in 5.9% of patients. Factors for predicting the development of early postoperative small bowel obstruction in patients with colorectal cancer are variables reflective of a more difficult surgery, rather than pathologic disease severity or anatomical location. In addition, most patients with early postoperative small bowel obstruction improved with conservative treatment, and surgical treatment was rarely needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Monolayer graphene serves as a hole-injecting and molecular-templating surface. [•] Graphene leads to enhanced out-of-plane mobility of CuPc compared to PEDOT:PSS. [•] Impedance spectroscopy establishes physical understanding of diode behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new design strategy for simple frequency doubler is proposed. • Unipolar thin-film-transistor circuit topology provides a high versatility. • Detailed simulations and analyses reveal optimum device and driving parameters. In this study, a new simulation-based design of thin-film-transistor (TFT) frequency-doubling circuits is proposed. Considering the increasingly high technological relevance of novel TFT channel materials showing strongly unipolar charge transport characteristics, the proposed frequency doubler adopts a unipolar circuit topology composed of organic p-type TFTs as a model system. By comparing different circuit structures and optimizing key TFT parameters, an apparent symmetry at the specific, non-traditional voltage-transfer curve of the simple two-transistor logic inverter is obtained, which is directly exploited to produce an ideal frequency-multiplying behavior over a wide operational frequency range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In spite of impressive improvements achieved for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), there is still a lack of theoretical understanding of their behaviors. Furthermore, it is challenging to develop a universal model that would cover a huge variety of materials and device structures available for state-of-the-art OFETs. Nonetheless, currently there is a strong need for specific OFET compact models when device-to-system integration is an important issue. We briefly describe the most fundamental characters of organic semiconductors and OFETs, which set the bottom line dictating the requirement of an original model different from that of conventional inorganic devices. Along with an introduction to the principles of compact modeling for circuit simulation, a comparative analysis of the reported models is presented with an emphasis on their primary assumptions and applicability aspects. Critical points for advancing OFET compact models are discussed in consideration of the recent understanding of device physics. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: Background: Light emitting diode (LED) phototherapy is an effective alternative for the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders. Tacrolimus (FK-506) is a potent immunomodulating agent, which has been used to treat AD. Combination therapy is often used in the treatment of AD to improve therapeutic efficacy or to reduce the dose of each drug. Objective: To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of monotherapy with either 850nm LED phototherapy or low-dose FK-506, and combination therapy in dermatophagoides farina (Df)-induced AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Methods: The Df-induced NC/Nga mice with a clinical score of 7 were used for treatment with LED (10 and 25J/cm2) alone, low-dose FK-506 (1mg/kg) or in combination. The synergistic effects of combined therapy were evaluated by dermatitis scores, skin histology, skin barrier function, and immunological parameters, such as IgE, NO, Th2-mediated cytokines and chemokines. Results: Combination therapy with 850nm (25J/cm2) LED and low-dose FK-506 showed a significant reduction in the severity of skin lesions. Combined therapy decreased in the serum level of IgE, NO, and in the splenic level of Th2-mediated cytokines and chemokines. Combination therapy significantly also reduced the inflammatory cellular infiltrate into the skin lesions. Moreover, combination therapy led to recovery of skin barrier function in the skin lesions. Conclusions: The use of combination of LED phototherapy and low-dose immunosuppressant improved Df-induced AD-like skin lesions in an NC/Nga mouse model by dominantly reducing IgE, NO, suppressing Th2-mediated immune responses, and inhibiting inflammatory cells, as well as improving skin barrier function. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper, the dynamic performance evaluation of a 5-degree of freedom (DOF) magnetic levitation and guidance device is addressed. In particular, the electromagnetic forces from an equivalent magnetic circuit model are coupled to a 5-DOF dynamic motion model of the device. With the proposed model, dynamic behaviors are simulated by considering the dynamic interactions between levitation and guidance elements while both systems are operating. In addition, the experimental system is successfully tested and stable levitation and guidance is demonstrated at the desired operating gap and unexpected disturbance forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Effect of larval density and SINV-infection on Aedes aegypti immunity quantified. [•] SINV-infection suppresses Toll/Imd regulator genes. [•] At day 7, no effect of SINV-infection on 3 AMPs at high larval density. [•] At day 14, cecropin was significantly up-regulated regardless of larval densities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]