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This paper describes the beam dynamic simulation with transfer matrix method for cyclotron. Starting from a description on the equation of motion in the cyclotron, lattice functions were determined from transfer matrix method and the solutions for the 2nd-order nonlinear Hamiltonian were introduced and used in phase space particle tracking. Based on the description of beam dynamics in the cyclotron, simulation code was also developed for cyclotron design., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1807.01397

In this study, the electrostatically induced quantum confinement structure, quantum point contact, has been realized in p-type trilayer tungsten diselenide-based van der Waals heterostructure with modified van der Waals contact method with degenerately doped transition metal dichalcogenide crystals. Clear quantized conductance and pinch-off state through the one-dimensional confinement were observed by dual-gating of split gate electrodes and top gate. Conductance plateaus were observed at step of 0.5 $\times$ 2e$^{2}$/h at zero and high magnetic field in addition to quarter plateaus at a finite bias voltage condition indicating the signature of spin-polarized quantum point contact realization., Comment: Paper:25 pages and 4 figures, SI: 13 pages and 10 figures, accepted for publication in Nano Letters

A one - dimensional iterative map with two control parameters, i.e. the Kim - Kong map, is proposed. Our purpose is to investigate the characteristic properties of this map, and to discuss numerically the multifractal behavior of the normalized first passage time. Especially, based on the Monte Carlo simulation, the normalized first passage time to arrive at the absorbing barrier after starting from an arbitrary site is mainly obtained in the presence of both absorption and reflection on a two - dimensional Sierpinski gasket. We also discuss the multifractal spectra of the normalized first passage time, and the numerical result of the Kim - Kong model presented will be compared with that of the Sinai and logistic models.

A shoulder-like feature close to $(0.7\times 2e^{2}/h)$, "the 0.7 structure" at zero magnetic field was observed in clean one-dimensional (1D) channels [K.J. Thomas et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 135 (1996)]. To provide further understanding of this structure, we have performed low-temperature measurements of a novel design of 1D channel with overlaying finger gates to study the 0.7 structure as a function of lateral confinement strength and potential profile. We found that the structure persists when the lateral confinement strength is changed by a factor of 2. We have also shown that the 0.7 structure present in two 1D channels in series behaves like a single 1D channel which shows the 0.7 structure, demonstrating that the 0.7 structure is not a transmission effect through a ballistic channel at zero in-plane magnetic field., Comment: 4 pages, 7 figures, latex, to be published in Phys. Rev. B

We have measured the low-temperature transport properties of an open quantum dot formed in a clean one-dimensional channel. For the first time, at zero magnetic field, continuous and periodic oscillations superimposed upon ballistic conductance steps are observed when the conductance through the dot $G$ exceeds $2e^2/h$. We ascribe the observed conductance oscillations to evidence for Coulomb charging effects in an open dot. This is supported by the evolution of the oscillating features for $G>2e^2/h$ as a function of both temperature and barrier transparency. Our results strongly suggest that at zero magnetic field, current theoretical and experimental understanding of Coulomb charging effects overlooks charging in the presence of fully transmitted 1D channels., Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (Oct 19 issue)