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Currently, the palaeopteran lineages (insect orders Ephemeroptera and Odonata) that have a problematic relationship with neopteran lineages are poorly represented by mitogenome sequences. In this study, we have determined the complete mitogenome of the oriental mayfly, Ephemera orientalis (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae), and the dragonfly Davidius lunatus (Odonata: Gomphidae). The 16463 by mitogenome of E. orientalis and the 15 912 by mitogenome of D. lunatus have many of the features typically detected in insect mitogenomes. Although the initiation codon for the D. lunatus COI gene is the typical ATA, E. orientalis is unusual in that no typical start codon was detected in the start region of the COI gene. The A+T-rich regions of both mitogenomes have some unusual features. The E. orientalis A+T-rich region harbors two identical 55 by sequences separated by 158 bp, and the D. lunatus A+T-rich region harbors a tandem repeat comprising two identical 261 by copies and one partial copy of the repeat. Additionally, the A+T-rich regions of both mitogenomes harbor the stem-and-loop structures flanked by the conserved sequences 'TA(A)TA' at the 5' end and 'G[(A).sub.n]T' at the 3' end, which have been suggested to be the signals involved in minor strand replication initiation. Furthermore, the D. lunatus A+T-rich region contains two tRNA-like structures with proper anticodon and cloverleaf structures. Key words: A+T-rich region, complete mitogenome, Ephemera orientalis, Ephemeroptera, Davidius lunatus, Odonata, tandem repeat, tRNA-like sequence. En ce moment, les paleopteres (rosettes des orders Ephemeroptera et Odonata) presentent une relation problematique avec les neopteres et sont peu representes parmi les sequences de mitogenomes. Dans ce travail, les auteurs ont determine la sequence complete du mitogenome de 1'Ephemera orientalis (Ephemeroptera; Ephemeridae) et du Davidius lunatus (Odonata; Gomphidae). Les 16463 et 15912 pb des mitogenomes de 1'E. orientalis et du D. lunatus soot typiques a plusieurs egards de ce qui est frequemment rencontre chez les mitogenomes d'insectes. Bien que le codon d'initiation du gene COI du D. lunatus est le ATA typique, celui de 1'E. orientalis est inhabituel en ce qu'aucun codon d'initiation n'a ete detecte au debut du gene COI. La region riche en A+T chez les deux mitogenomes presente des caracteristiques inhabituelles. La region riche en A+T de 1'E. orientalis contient deux copies identiques de 55 pb, separees par 158 pb, tandis que la region riche en A+T chez le D. lunatus est composee de deux sequences identiques de 261 pb et dune copie incomplete. De plus, la region riche en A+T chez les deux genomes contient des regions en boucle et en epingle qui sont bordees de sequences conservees (<< TA(A)TA >> a 1'extremite 5' et << G[(G).sub.n]T >> a 1'extremite 3'), dont il a ete suggere qu'il s'agirait de signaux impliques dans 1'initiation de la replication du brin mineur. De plus, la region riche en A+T du D. lunatus contient deux structures ressemblant a des ARNt dont un anticodon et une structure en trefle. Mots-cles : region riche en A+T, mitogenome complet, Ephemera orientales, Ephemeroptera, Davidius lunatus, Odonata, repetitions en tandem, sequences de type ARNt. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Thus far, more than 100 insect mitogenomes have been completely sequenced. This includes species from more than 15 insect orders, but only one complete and one nearly complete mitogenome [...]

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Genome editing by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein (Cas)9, a third‐generation gene scissors, and molecular breeding at the genome level are attracting considerable attention as future breeding techniques. In the present study, genetic and phenotypic analyses were conducted to examine the molecular breeding of Bombyx mori through CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated editing of the kynurenine 3‐monooxygenase (KMO) gene. The synthesized guide RNAs (gRNAs) were analyzed using T7 endonuclease I after introduction into the BM‐N silkworm cell line. To edit the silkworm gene, K1P gRNA, and Cas9 complexes were microinjected into silkworm embryos. After microinjection, the hatching rate and the incidence of mutation were determined as 18.1% and 60%, respectively. Gene mutation was verified in the heterozygous G0 generation, but no phenotypic change was observed; however, certain embryos and moths produced through sib‐mating had significant differences compared to the wild‐type. In successive generations, a distinct phenotypic change was also observed by continuous mating. Thus, although there are limitations in the phenotypic expression in breeding through the induction of deletion mutations, as in the present study, the process is believed to yield successful results within a shorter period compared to traditional breeding and is safer than transgenic technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]