Search

This study examined intimate partner violence patterns using the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, a nationally representative sample collected in 2010. The latent class analysis detected six distinctive patterns: Sexual Violence, Psychological Aggression, Multiple Violence, Coercive Control, Physical and Psychological Violence, and Stalking. Multiple Violence was the most common among males, while Coercive Control was the most common among females. Multiple Violence and Physical and Psychological Violence perpetrators inflicted more negative health consequences than the other types. Intervention and prevention approaches that consider perpetrator types as a part of survivor need assessments will improve services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infrared-light radiation has recently and effectively been applied to solving a wide range of problems in the sport sciences. However, few investigations have focused on the potential performance-enhancing properties of near-infrared (NIR)-light stimulation, and none have examined its effects on muscle strength. As such, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the extent to which NIR light influenced the maximal isokinetic strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings. Forty-eight college students participated in the study. Four experimental conditions were created: (a) an active group with expectancy instructions, (b) an active group without expectancy instructions, (c) a placebo group with expectancy instructions, and (d) a placebo group without expectancy instructions. Individuals in active conditions were outfitted in NIR light-emitting bandages, T-shirts, and socks, whereas those in placebo conditions were outfitted in the same attire but without active NIR light. Maximal isokinetic torque values of the quadriceps and hamstrings were measured. Results indicated that the active group without expectancy instructions exhibited enhanced isokinetic strength for the hamstrings at a contractile speed of 180 [degrees] x [s.sup.-1] as compared with the placebo groups. With continued replication of our initial exploratory findings, infrared equipment might emerge as a promising means for performance enhancement. KEY WORDS. ergogenic aid, leg strength, anaerobic

Stretchable Triboelectric Nanogenerators: 1D Stretchable Block Copolymer Yarn-Based Energy Harvesters via BaTiO3/Polydimethylsiloxane Composite-Carbon Conductive Ink (Adv. Keywords: 1D poly[styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene] tube; carbon conductive ink; high dielectric permittivity; stretchable triboelectric nanogenerators; woven textiles 1D poly[styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene] tube, carbon conductive ink, high dielectric permittivity, stretchable triboelectric nanogenerators, woven textiles. [Extracted from the article]

Recent studies have demonstrated that copper (I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) has huge potential as a hole extraction material (HEM) for perovskite solar cells. Here, we used CuSCN as a HEM and analyzed its relationships with a methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3 ) perovskite layer. The CuSCN dissolved in diethyl sulfide (DES) was spin-coated on the MAPbI 3 layer. For high-quality and dense CuSCN layers, post-annealing was carried out at various temperatures and times. However, the unwanted dissociation of MAPbI 3 to PbI 2 was observed due to the post-annealing for a long time at elevated temperatures. In addition, DES, which is used as a CuSCN solvent, is a polar solvent that damages the surface of MAPbI 3 perovskites and causes poor interfacial properties between the perovskite layer and HEM. To solve this problem, the effect of the molar ratio of methylammonium iodide (MAI) and PbI 2 in the MAPbI 3 precursor solution was investigated. The excess MAI molar ratio in the MAPbI 3 precursor solution reduced MAPbI 3 surface damage despite using DES polar solvent for CuSCN solution. In addition, dissociation of MAPbI 3 to PbI 2 following an adequate post-annealing process was well suppressed. The excess MAI molar ratio in the MAPbI 3 precursor could be compensated for the MA loss and effectively suppress phase separation from MAPbI 3 to MAI + PbI 2 during post-annealing. The efficiency based on the normal planar structure of CuSCN/MAPbI 3 (using excess MAI)/TiO 2 was approximately 17%. The CuSCN-based MAPbI 3 device shows more optimized stability than the conventional spiro-OMeTAD under damp heat (85 °C and 85% relative humidity) conditions because of the robust inorganic HEM.

Motor imagery is a mental rehearsal of simple or complex motor acts without overt body movement. It has been proposed that the association between performance and the mental rehearsal period that precedes the voluntary movement is an important point of difference between highly trained athletes and beginners. We compared the activation maps of elite archers and nonarchers during mental rehearsal of archery to test whether the neural correlates of elite archers were more focused and efficiently organised than those of nonarchers. Brain activation was measured using functional MRI in 18 right-handed elite archers and 18 right-handed nonarchers. During the active functional MRI imagery task, the participants were instructed to mentally rehearse their archery shooting from a first-person perspective. The active imagery condition was tested against the nonmotor imagery task as a control condition. The results showed that the premotor and supplementary motor areas, and the inferior frontal region, basal ganglia and cerebellum, were active in nonarchers, whereas elite archers showed activation primarily in the supplementary motor areas. In particular, our result of higher cerebellar activity in nonarchers indicates the increased participation of the cerebellum in nonarchers when learning an unfamiliar archery task. Therefore, the difference in cerebellar activation between archers and nonarchers provides evidence of the expertise effect in the mental rehearsal of archery. In conclusion, the relative economy in the cortical processes of elite archers could contribute to greater consistency in performing the specific challenge in which they are highly practised., (Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)