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Alendronate and raloxifene are among the most popular anti-osteoporosis medications. However, there is a lack of head-to-head comparative effectiveness studies comparing the two treatments. We conducted a retrospective large-scale multicenter study encompassing over 300 million patients across nine databases encoded in the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM). The primary outcome was the incidence of osteoporotic hip fracture, while secondary outcomes were vertebral fracture, atypical femoral fracture (AFF), osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), and esophageal cancer. We used propensity score trimming and stratification based on an expansive propensity score model with all pre-treatment patient characteritistcs. We accounted for unmeasured confounding using negative control outcomes to estimate and adjust for residual systematic bias in each data source. We identified 283,586 alendronate patients and 40,463 raloxifene patients. There were 7.48 hip fracture, 8.18 vertebral fracture, 1.14 AFF, 0.21 esophageal cancer and 0.09 ONJ events per 1,000 person-years in the alendronate cohort and 6.62, 7.36, 0.69, 0.22 and 0.06 events per 1,000 person-years, respectively, in the raloxifene cohort. Alendronate and raloxifene have a similar hip fracture risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94–1.13), but alendronate users are more likely to have vertebral fractures (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.14). Alendronate has higher risk for AFF (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.23–1.84) but similar risk for esophageal cancer (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.53–1.70), and ONJ (HR 1.62, 95% CI 0.78–3.34). We demonstrated substantial control of measured confounding by propensity score adjustment, and minimal residual systematic bias through negative control experiments, lending credibility to our effect estimates. Raloxifene is as effective as alendronate and may remain an option in the prevention of osteoporotic fracture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Although the posterolateral approach for hip arthroplasty is popular and has numerous advantages, it has been known to have a propensity for dislocation. The repair of short external rotator muscles with capsule is important for reducing dislocation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence of suture failure, dislocation, and time to failure for two repair techniques for posterior soft tissue repair during total hip arthroplasty.Methods: In this study of 167 total hip arthroplasties in 159 patients, we reattached the short external rotator tendon with posterior capsule to the greater trochanter transosseously (tendon-to-bone, 87 hips) or the gluteus medius tendon (tendon-to-tendon, 80 hips). Radiopaque markers were attached to each suture side < 1.2 cm apart. The distance between the markers was radiographically measured at variable time points postoperatively. Failure was defined by a distance between markers of ≥ 2.5 cm or marker invisibility. The mean follow-up period was 28.8 (12-45) months.Results: Suture failure was observed less frequently in the tendon-to-bone group (18.4%) than in the tendon-to-tendon group (65%; p < 0.001). Failure mostly occurred within two weeks post-operatively: 93.8% for tendon-to-bone repair (p < 0.001) and 90.4% for tendon-to-tendon repair (p = 0.025). The dislocation rate was significantly higher in the tendon-to-tendon group (7. vs 1.1%; p = 0.041). A significant correlation was observed between suture failure and dislocation (p = 0.013).Conclusions: Tendon-to-bone repair is superior to tendon-to-tendon repair based on lower suture failure and dislocation rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the joint gap kinematics in posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty (PS TKA).Methods: Between January 2010 and April 2011, 44 consecutive patients (55 knees) who underwent primary PS TKA using the navigation system were assessed. There were 37 women and 7 men with a mean age at operation of 63 years (range; 58-73 years). After fixation of all components with cement and insertion of polyethylene trial insert, medial and lateral joint gap measurements were carried out without distraction force and separately using a navigation system on each flexion angles. The joint gaps were measured before and after deflation of tourniquet, first with patella everted and then reduced.Results: Deflation of tourniquet did not effect on gap. In patellofemoral joint reduction situation, the medial gap relatively maintained throughout the range of knee motion, but the lateral gap is gradually decreasing with knee flexion from 30° to 120° flexion. However, in patellar eversion situation, the medial gap showed a significant increase and also statistically significantly increased compared with patellar reduced position over 90° knee flexion status, but the lateral gaps are decreased compared with patellofemoral reduction situation throughout the range of knee motion except full flexion status. In more physiologic status that is patella reduced and tourniquet deflated status, the average medial joint gap change was 2.30 ± 1.64 mm and the average lateral joint gap change was 2.90 ± 1.53 mm throughout the range of motion.Conclusions: Medial and lateral joint gaps showed different patterns with patellar eversion and patellofemoral joint reduction. However, such changes occurred within 3 mm in average throughout whole range of knee motion even with multi-radius femoral component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Angiotensin receptor blockers are widely used antihypertensive drugs in South Korea. In 2021, the Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety acknowledged the need for national compensation for a drug-induced liver injury (DILI) after azilsartan use. However, little is known regarding the association between angiotensin receptor blockers and DILI. Objective: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in incident users of angiotensin receptor blockers from a common data model database (1 January, 2017–31 December, 2021) to compare the risk of DILI among specific angiotensin receptor blockers against valsartan. Methods: Patients were assigned to treatment groups at cohort entry based on prescribed angiotensin receptor blockers. Drug-induced liver injury was operationally defined using the International DILI Expert Working Group criteria. Cox regression analyses were conducted to derive hazard ratios and the inverse probability of treatment weighting method was applied. All analyses were performed using R. Results: In total, 229,881 angiotensin receptor blocker users from 20 university hospitals were included. Crude DILI incidence ranged from 15.6 to 82.8 per 1000 person-years in treatment groups, most were cholestatic and of mild severity. Overall, the risk of DILI was significantly lower in olmesartan users than in valsartan users (hazard ratio: 0.73 [95% confidence interval 0.55–0.96]). In monotherapy patients, the risk was significantly higher in azilsartan users than in valsartan users (hazard ratio: 6.55 [95% confidence interval 5.28–8.12]). Conclusions: We found a significantly higher risk of suspected DILI in patients receiving azilsartan monotherapy compared with valsartan monotherapy. Our findings emphasize the utility of real-world evidence in advancing our understanding of adverse drug reactions in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the radiographic migration profiles of primary cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) between patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and those with osteoarthritis (OA).Methods: A total of 197 patients (215 hips) who underwent cementless THA for RA or OA between January 2001 and January 2013 and followed up for a minimum of 5.5 years were included. Ninety-four RA patients (109 hips) were compared with 103 OA patients (106 hips). Radiological evaluation was performed for acetabular cup loosening, and cup migration was measured using Einzel-Bild-Röntgen-Analyse (EBRA) software. Multiple variables were assessed to identify influencing factors for cup migration.Results: Early cup migration was observed in 13 hips (11.9%) in the RA group and four hips (3.8%) in the OA group, showing a significant difference (p = 0.041). Acetabular cup loosening occurred in three cups (2.8%) in the RA group and in one cup (0.9%) in the OA group, showing no significant difference (p = 0.321). Total cup migration was higher in the RA group (2.62 mm) than in the OA group (1.44 mm, p = 0.005). Total cup migration was significantly higher in patients aged < 50 years than in those aged > 50 years (p = 0.005). Rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody influenced total cup migration. Patients with seropositive RA showed significantly higher total cup migration and early cup migration incidence than those with seronegative RA (p = 0.005, p = 0.038, respectively).Conclusions: Acetabular cups in primary cementless THAs of RA patients were less stable in terms of cup migration compared with that of OA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Acetabular revision arthroplasty using jumbo cups for moderate-to-severe acetabular defects has varied outcomes. We evaluated the clinical and radiological outcomes of acetabular revision arthroplasty using a press-fitted jumbo cup and sought to identify factors that influence outcomes during intermediate follow-up.Materials and Methods: Eighty patients (47 men, 33 women; 80 hips) who underwent acetabular revision arthroplasty using press-fitted jumbo cups were included. The mean follow-up period was 10.4 years. Harris hip score (HHS), presence of groin pain, radiographic results, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were evaluated. Implant design and surgery-related and patient-related factors were assessed to identify influential factors for cup loosening. Migration and wear analyses were performed using Einzel-Bild-Röntgen-Analyse software.Results: The mean preoperative HHS of 53 had improved to 77 at the final follow-up (p = 0.005). Nine patients experienced groin pain. Acetabular cup loosening was observed in seven cups (8.7%), and one jumbo cup was replaced with a reinforcement cage. The survival rate of the acetabular cup was 91% at 16 years according to the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Osteolysis was identified around the cup in six cases (7.5%). Acetabular cup loosening occurred more frequently in patients with conventional polyethylene liners than in those with highly cross-linked polyethylene liners (p = 0.045). The mean total migration was 1.52 mm, and the mean total wear was 0.98 mm. There was a positive correlation between total migration and total wear (p = 0.023; Spearman's rho = 0.388). The mean wear rate of the patients with the cup inclination angle < 50° was significantly lower than those with the cup inclination angle > 50° (p = 0.001). There were four cases of complications (three dislocations and one infection) that did not require revision surgery.Conclusion: Press-fitted jumbo cups for acetabular revision arthroplasty exhibited encouraging results during follow-up for an average of 10 years. Use of highly cross-linked polyethylene liners and proper placement of the acetabular component with an inclination angle < 50° may contribute to better clinical outcomes after acetabular revision arthroplasty with jumbo cups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Neuromuscular disease is well known to be at increased risk of complications following hip replacement surgeries. This study is prospectively conducted to investigate clinical performance and survivorship of total hip arthroplasty (THA) using dual mobility articulation in femoral neck fractures of elderly with neuromuscular disease.Materials and Methods: We prospectively enrolled 162 patients (162 hips) with displaced femoral neck fracture who gave informed consent for dual mobility articulation THA. Of the 162 patients, 35 patients had neuromuscular disease including cerebral palsy, poliomyelitis, hemiplegia, and Parkinson disease (NM group). The other 127 patients had no history of neuromuscular disease (non-NM group). The mean age was 76.5 years (range, 60 - 95) and female ratio was 71.0% (115/162). Clinical outcomes including Harris hip score (HHS), University of California Los Angles activity (UCLA) score were compared between the two groups. Computed tomography and serial radiographs were obtained after surgery. Postoperative complications and reoperation including revision were recorded.Results: Pain-VAS and all clinical scores of the NM group were comparable to those of the non-NM group. The incidence of dislocation in the NM group did not differ from that in Non-NM group (2/35, 5.7% versus 5/127, 3.9%, p = 0.645). Reoperation was performed in 3 hips (3/35, 8.6%) of the NM group and in 4 hips (4/127, 3.1%) of the non-NM group (p = 0.173). Kaplan-Meier survivorship with an end point of revision for any reason was 97.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92 to 1.03) in the NM group and 98.4% (95% CI, 0.96 to 1.01) in the non-NM group at 7.3 years after surgery.Conclusions: In elderly with neuromuscular disease, THA with dual mobility articulation is a reasonable option as a treatment for femoral neck fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the medical field, various studies using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been attempted. Numerous attempts have been made to diagnose and classify diseases using image data. However, different forms of fracture exist, and inaccurate results have been confirmed depending on condition at the time of imaging, which is problematic. To overcome this limitation, we present an encoder-decoder structured neural network that utilizes radiology reports as ancillary information at training. This is a type of meta-learning method used to generate sufficiently adequate features for classification. The proposed model learns representation for classification from X-ray images and radiology reports simultaneously. When using a dataset of only 459 cases for algorithm training, the model achieved a favorable performance in a test dataset containing 227 cases (classification accuracy of 86.78% and classification F1 score of 0.867 for fracture or normal classification). This finding demonstrates the potential for deep learning to improve performance and accelerate application of AI in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aim: Osteonecrosis (ON), also known as avascular necrosis, is an important cause of physical disability in rheumatic disease. When this condition affects multiple structures, disability is increased. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of Korean patients with multifocal ON associated with rheumatic disease and to compare them with those of previously reported cases. Methods: We reviewed the clinical characteristics of eight Korean patients with multifocal ON, defined by the involvement of three or more anatomic sites, associated with rheumatic disease in a single referral academic hospital, and compared them with those of 19 similar cases previously reported in the literature. Results: All eight patients were female, with median age of 26 years. All had underlying systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and had been using corticosteroids. The most common site affected by ON was the knee joint. However, in contrast to our patients, the previous reported cases had other rheumatic diseases such as myositis, scleroderma and antiphospholipid syndrome. In comparison between Korean multifocal ON patients with SLE and those of previous reports, shoulder joint involvement was higher in previous reports. Common features in patients from both groups were knee joint involvement and prevalent use of corticosteroids. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that multifocal ON is common in young SLE patients who have been using corticosteroids and the most commonly involved site is the knee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of dislocation and specific complications of the dual-mobility cup.Methods: The arthroplasties involved 167 hips in 165 patients; 51 hips (30.5%) were in men and 116 (69.4%) were in women. The active articulation E1® dual-mobility cup (Biomet, Warsaw, IN, USA) was used, and the surgical approach was posterolateral in 120 hips and anterolateral in 47 hips.Results: Four (2.3%) dislocations were observed. Mean time of dislocation was 30.5 days post-operatively. Three incomplete reductions occurred during closed reduction. When comparing parameters between dislocation and no-dislocation groups, there were no differences in patient and surgical parameters. However, all dislocations occurred in patients with femoral neck fractures and in the posterolateral approach group.Conclusion: The incidence of dislocation in total hip arthroplasty (THA) using a dual-mobility cup was acceptable, and cup diameter of the dislocation group was substantially larger than that of no-dislocation group. Based on clinical outcomes of our study, we conclude that the dual-mobility cup is a reliable option in THA, and further studies are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose was to evaluate the prevalence and location of simultaneous fracture using bone scans in patients with hip fracture and to determine the risk factors associated with simultaneous fracture.Patients and Methods: One hundred eighty two patients with hip fracture were reviewed for this study. Clinical parameters and bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebra and femoral neck were investigated. To identify acute simultaneous fracture, a bone scan was performed at 15.4±4.1days after hip fracture. The prevalence and location of simultaneous fracture were evaluated, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors.Results: Simultaneous fracture was observed in 102 of 182 patients, a prevalence of 56.0%. Rib fracture was the most common type of simultaneous fracture followed by rib with vertebral fracture. The BMD of the lumbar vertebra was significantly lower in patients with simultaneous fracture (p=0.044) and was identified as an independent risk factor (odds ratio: OR 0.05, 95% confidence interval: CI 0.01-0.57).Conclusions: The prevalence of simultaneous fracture was relatively high among patients with hip fracture, and BMD was significantly lower in patients with simultaneous fracture than in patients without it. Surgeons should be aware of the possibility of simultaneous fracture in patients with hip fracture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incident depression has been reported to be associated with poor prognosis in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), which might be associated with beta-blocker therapy. Because early detection and intervention can alleviate the severity of depression, we aimed to develop a machine learning (ML) model predicting the onset of major depressive disorder (MDD). A model based on L1 regularized logistic regression was trained against the South Korean nationwide administrative claims database to identify risk factors for the incident MDD after beta-blocker therapy in patients with CVD. We identified 50,397 patients initiating beta-blockers for CVD, with 774 patients developing MDD within 365 days after initiating beta-blocker therapy. An area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.74 was achieved. A history of non-selective beta-blockers and factors related to anxiety disorder, sleeping problems, and other chronic diseases were the most strong predictors. AUCs of 0.62–0.71 were achieved in the external validation conducted on six independent electronic health records and claims databases in the USA and South Korea. In conclusion, an ML model that identifies patients at high-risk for incident MDD was developed. Application of ML to identify susceptible patients for adverse events of treatment may serve as an important approach for personalized medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]