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Building on the literature on resource reconfiguration theory, we formulate a new theoretical framework that explains how executive redeployment within a diversified firm transfers different types of human capital embodied in executives to different units facing specific business challenges. In the empirical context of Korean business groups, we find that executives with unit-specific human capital, like turnaround experience, competitive experience, and international expansion experience, are redeployed to units with corresponding business challenges like financial difficulties, intensifying competition, and early-stage international expansion, respectively. We also show that executives with unit-generic human capital, like corporate management practices and interunit coordination experiences, are redeployed to younger units seeking to establish corporate-level policies and practices. Additional analyses also show that the value of firm-specific human capital in driving the redeployment of executives is contingent on their functional orientation and seniority. Funding: S.-J. Chang appreciates financial support from the Lim Kim San Chair Professorship from National University of Singapore and Techno SK Chair Professorship from KAIST. Y.-C. Kim is also grateful for financial support from the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2022S1A5A2A01044597]. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2020.14525. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to design and manufacture a multi-plate clutch system that uses magnetorheological (MR) fluid control to allow for a variable power transmission ratio in power distribution systems. MR fluid is a smart material that enables presenting a solution to the shocks and power loss that occur due to mechanical problems in power distribution systems. As such, the longitudinal and lateral dynamic properties of 4WD (four-wheel drive) vehicles were examined and analyzed to develop an algorithm to control the front/rear power distribution according to the road surface state and driving conditions. To verify the algorithm, the CarSim vehicle dynamics simulation program was adopted to perform experiments to understand the vehicle's dynamic performance improvements and turning stability via a HILS (Hardware in the Loop) system. In this study, an MR fluid, multi-plate clutch was used that combines a dry clutch and a wet clutch using the characteristics of the MR fluid. Such a clutch was designed to enable continuous and smooth torque transmission by utilizing the strengths of each of the dry and wet clutches. The CarSim vehicle dynamics program was used to conduct the experiments, which were conducted by linking to the manufactured MR fluid clutch experimental device. The experiments investigated the dynamic performance based on the power distribution ratio by performing longitudinal flat, inclined driving and lateral DLC (double lane change) driving. In summary, this study found that it is possible to perform power transmission by applying a current to an MR fluid and forming a magnetic field to change the flow properties of the fluid to control the torque transmission ratio that occurs in an MR fluid clutch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relationship between time and performance in the commercialisation of university-originated inventions. Focusing on the commercialisation time, defined as the time taken for a lab-scale invention to be developed for commercial sale, we investigate whether there is any systematic association between commercialisation time and the licensing revenue generated by university-originated inventions. Analysing a sample of inventions from Stanford University, we find that both pre- and postlicensing time of commercialisation are negatively associated with its licensing revenue. We also find that the negative relationship between the postlicensing time of commercialisation and licensing revenue is contingent on the inventor’s orientation towards university-industry collaboration. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of our findings as well as future avenues of research in technology commercialisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of the timing of patent rights on licensing performance in the context of university technology licensing. We provide an argument that the timing of patent allowance, i.e., a legal event that clarifies patent rights, in the technology licensing phase can alter licensing performance by shifting technology valuation, as well as behavioral dynamics, in the process of commercialization. By analyzing inventions disclosed from Stanford University, we find that preallowance licensing (i.e., entering a licensing arrangement prior to patent allowance), compared to postallowance licensing, is negatively associated with licensing performance by increasing the chances of licensing underperformance. However, licensing underperformance associated with preallowance licensing is only significant when the inventor and licensee do not have prior collaboration experience. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding the temporal condition of appropriability in the route for technology commercialization by revealing the patent‐licensing timing sequence as a source of variation in university technology licensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2010.05.004 Byline: Tae-Wuk Bae (a), Byoung-Ik Kim (a), Young-Choon Kim (b), Kyu-Ik Sohng (a) Keywords: Infrared sequences; Small target detection; Cross product; Temporal profile; Hypothesis testing Abstract: This paper presents a new small target detection method using cross product of temporal pixels based on temporal profiles in infrared (IR) image sequences. Temporal characteristics of small targets and various backgrounds are different. A new algorithm classifies target pixels and background pixels through hypothesis testing using the cross product of pixels on temporal profile and predicts the temporal backgrounds based on the results. Small target pixels are detected by subtracting the predicted temporal background profile from the original temporal profile. For performance comparison between the proposed method and the conventional methods, the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were computed experimentally. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has better discrimination of target and clutter pixels and lower false alarm rates than conventional methods. Author Affiliation: (a) School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kyungpook National University, South Korea (b) Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering, Youngdong University, South Korea Article History: Received 6 December 2009; Accepted 17 May 2010 Article Note: (footnote) [star] Reviews processed and proposed for publication to the Editor-in-Chief by Associate Editor Dr. F. Sahin.