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Purpose: To examine the characteristics, core variables, and their correlations in articles published in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration (JKANA) from 2012-2021 and suggest future directions for nursing management research. Methods: A total of 506 articles were analyzed according to study design, participants and setting, statistical methods, keywords, and core concepts and variables. Results: Quantitative research accounted for 73.5%, and most participants were staff nurses (66.8%) and nursing students (9.1%). Furthermore, 318 studies (62.8%) conducted surveys, and settings were mainly acute hospitals(81.5%) and nursing schools (9.7%). Statistical methods for data analysis included independent t-test (81.2%), one-way ANOVA (77.2%), Pearson correlation coefficients (77.2%), post-hoc testing (74.3%), and linear regression(65.9%). Among 2,058 keywords, the most frequent were "nurses" (49.2%), "job satisfaction" (10.7%), and "personnel turnover" (9.1%). The most frequently core concepts were job satisfaction (10.5%), turnover intention(9.5%), organizational commitment (8.5%), and job stress (7.5%). The most frequently variables with significant correlations were turnover intention, work environment, job satisfaction, job stress, burnout, and emotional labor. Conclusion: Most JKANA studies examined nursing-related outcomes and performance. Future research should examine the effects of nursing practice and policy on patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To obtain the composite scintillator a single crystal is grinded to produce grains of different sizes. The chosen fractions of the grains are introduced inside a transparent polymer matrix. In this work we present both the main aspects of the proposed technology, and the results of investigation of composite scintillators up 200 mm in diameter based on stilbene or p-terphenyl grains. These scintillators are promising for detection of alpha and fast neutron radiation. Index Terms--Alpha particle detectors, crystals, organic compounds, neutron detectors, scintillation detectors.

We investigated the effect of chronic grape seed extract (GSE) on blood pressure and aortic stiffness (AoS) among overweight and obese males. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (Q), total vascular conductance (TVC), and AoS were measured during two submaximal cycling exercises (40% and 60% VO2max), after 7 consecutive days of GSE or placebo (PL) ingestion with one week washout period. Compared with PL, GSE supplementation significantly decreased MAP at rest (85 ± 3 mmHg vs. 82 ± 3 mmHg), 40% (102 ± 3 mmHg vs. 99 ± 3 mmHg), and 60% workloads (109 ± 3 mmHg vs. 107 ± 3 mmHg) (P = 0.001, ES = 0.2). AoS was significantly reduced (13.0 ± 1.9 AU vs. 10.2 ± 1.0 AU) at rest (P = 0.002, ES = 0.6). Q was decreased at rest and across all workloads, but there were no significant differences (7.5 ± 0.4 L/min vs. 7.1 ± 0.4 L/min; 20.4 ± 1.2 L/min vs. 19.6 ± 0.9 L/min; 26.3 ± 1.1 L/min vs. 25.5 ± 1.6 L/min, respectively). GSE had no effect on HR, TVC, and SV. Our study indicates that chronic supplementation with GSE reduces arterial pressure at rest and during exercise primarily via the substantial reduction in AoS. Thus, GSE can be a dietary supplement to treat augmented blood pressure responses in obese and overweight males at rest and during exercise. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04465110. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We previously developed a mathematical analysis technique for estimating the static gain values of the arterial total peripheral resistance (TPR) baroreflex ([G.sub.A]) and the cardiopulmonary TPR baroreflex ([G.sub.C]) from small, spontaneous beat-to-beat fluctuations in arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, and stroke volume. Here, we extended the mathematical analysis so as to also estimate the entire arterial TPR baroreflex impulse response [[h.sub.A](t)] as well as the lumped arterial compliance (AC). The extended technique may therefore provide a linear dynamic characterization of TPR baroreflex systems during normal physiological conditions from potentially noninvasive measurements. We theoretically evaluated the technique with respect to realistic spontaneous hemodynamic variability generated by a cardiovascular simulator with known system properties. Our results showed that the technique reliably estimated [h.sub.A](t) [error = 30.2 [+ or -] 2.6% for the square root of energy ([E.sub.A]), 19.7 [+ or -] 1.6% for absolute peak amplitude ([P.sub.A]), 37.3 [+ or -] 2.5% for [G.sub.A], and 33.1 [+ or -] 4.9% for the overall time constant] and AC (error = 17.6 [+ or -] 4.2%) under various simulator parameter values and reliably tracked changes in [G.sub.C]. We also experimentally evaluated the technique with respect to spontaneous hemodynamic variability measured from seven conscious dogs before and after chronic arterial baroreceptor denervation. Our results showed that the technique correctly predicted the abolishment of [h.sub.A](t) [[E.sub.A] = 1.0 [+ or -] 0.2 to 0.3 [+ or -] 0.1, [P.sub.A] = 0.3 [+ or -] 0.1 to 0.1 [+ or -] 0.0 [s.sup.-1], and [G.sub.A] = -2.1 [+ or -] 0.6 to 0.3 [+ or -] 0.2 (P < 0.05)] and the enhancement of [G.sub.C] [-0.7 [+ or -] 0.44 to - 1.8 [+ or -] 0.2 (P < 0.05)] following the chronic intervention. Moreover, the technique yielded estimates whose values were consistent with those reported with more invasive and/or experimentally difficult methods. autonomic nervous system; hemodynamics; modeling; system identification; transfer function

This paper describes the techniques used for making new organic scintillators and detectors based on these scintillators. Research has focused on designing large dimension organic scintillators to increase the efficiency of detecting ionizing radiation. The techniques described here have allowed us to produce 1) organic crystals of stilbene and p-terphenyl with diameters up to 120 mm and heights up to 100 mm; 2) p-terphenyl polycrystals doped with diphenylbutadiene molecules, as well stilbene polycrystals up to 250 mm in diameter and 5 mm in height; 3) the first prototypes of a composite scintillation material based on stilbene grains added to a silicone glue base, achieving a high efficiency of fast neutron detection. Index Terms--Alpha-particle detectors, beta-ray detectors, crystals, neutron detectors, scintillators.

Underperfusion of active skeletal muscle elicits a reflex pressor response termed the muscle metaboreftex (MMR). In normal dogs during mild exercise, MMR activation causes large increases in cardiac output (CO) and mean arterial pressure (MAP); however, in heart failure (HF) although MAP increases, the rise in CO is virtually abolished, which may be due to an impaired ability to increase left ventricular contractility (LVC). The objective of the present study was to determine whether the increases in LVC seen with MMR activation during dynamic exercise in normal animals are abolished in HF. Conscious dogs were chronically instrumented to measure CO, MAP, and left ventricular (LV) pressure and volume. LVC was calculated from pressure-volume loop analysis [LV maximal elastance ([E.sub.max]) and preload-recruitable stroke work (PRSW)] at rest and during mild and moderate exercise under free-flow conditions and with MMR activation (via partial occlusion of hindlimb blood flow) before and after rapid ventricular pacing-induced HF. In control experiments, MMR activation at both workloads [mild exercise (3.2 km/h) and moderate exercise (6.4 km/h at 10% grade)] significantly increased CO, [E.sub.max], and PRSW. In contrast, after HF was induced, CO, [E.sub.max], and PRSW were significantly lower at rest. Although CO increased significantly from rest to exercise, [E.sub.max] and PRSW did not change. In addition, MMR activation caused no significant change in CO, [E.sub.max], or PRSW at either workload. We conclude that MMR causes large increases in LVC in normal animals but that this ability is abolished in HF. pressor response; elastance; preload recruitable stroke work doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01240.2006

The renal vasoconstriction induced by the sympathetic outflow during exercise serves to direct blood flow from the kidney toward the exercising muscles. The renal circulation seems to be particularly important in this regard, because it receives a substantial part of the cardiac output, which in resting humans has been estimated to be 20%. The role of group III mechanoreceptors in causing the reflex renal sympathetic response to static contraction remains an open question. To shed some light on this question, we recorded the renal sympathetic nerve responses to static contraction before and after injection of gadolinium into the arterial supply of the statically contracting triceps surae muscles of decerebrate unanesthetized and chloralose-anesthetized cats. Gadolinium has been shown to be a selective blocker of mechanogated channels in thin-fiber muscle afferents, which comprise the afferent arm of the exercise pressor reflex arc. In decerebrate (n = 15) and chloralose-anesthetized (n = 12) cats, we found that gadolinium (10 mM; 1 ml) significantly attenuated the renal sympathetic nerve and pressor responses to static contraction (60 s) after a latent period of 60 min; both responses recovered after a latent period of 120 min. We conclude that thin-fiber mechanoreceptors supplying contracting muscle are involved in some of the renal vasoconstriction evoked by the exercise pressor reflex. exercise; cats; gadolinium; autonomic nervous system; group III muscle afferents

Feedback control of total peripheral resistance (TPR) by the arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreflex systems is an important mechanism for short-term blood pressure regulation. Existing methods for measuring this TPR baroreflex mechanism typically aim to quantify only the gain value of one baroreflex system as it operates in open-loop conditions. As a result, the normal, integrated functioning of the arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of TPR remains to be fully elucidated. To this end, the laboratory of Mukkamala et al. (Mukkamala R, Toska K, and Cohen RJ. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 284: H947-H959, 2003) previously proposed a potentially noninvasive technique for estimating the closed-loop (dimensionless) gain values of the arterial TPR baroreflex ([G.sub.A]) and the cardiopulmonary TPR baroreflex ([G.sub.C]) by mathematical analysis of the subtle, beat-to-beat fluctuations in arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, and stroke volume. Here, we review the technique with additional details and describe its experimental evaluation with respect to spontaneous hemodynamic variability measured from seven conscious dogs, before and after chronic arterial baroreceptor denervation. The technique was able to correctly predict the group-average changes in [G.sub.A] and [G.sub.C] that have previously been shown to occur following chronic arterial baroreceptor denervation. That is, reflex control by the arterial TPR baroreflex was virtually abolished ([G.sub.A] = -2.1 [+ or -] 0.6 to 0.3 [+ or -] 0.2; P < 0.05), while reflex control by the cardiopulmonary TPR baroreflex more than doubled ([G.sub.C] = -0.7 [+ or -] 0.4 to -1.8 [+ or -] 0.2; P < 0.05). With further successful experimental testing, the technique may ultimately be employed to advance the basic understanding of TPR baroreflex functioning in both humans and animals in health and disease. autonomic nervous system; blood pressure; cardiovascular modeling; hemodynamics; system identification

When oxygen delivery to active skeletal muscle is insufficient for the metabolic demands, afferent nerves within muscles are activated, which elicit reflex increases in heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), and arterial pressure (AP), termed the muscle metaboreflex (MMR). To what extent the increases in CO are the result of increased ventricular contractility is unclear. A widely accepted index of contractility is maximal left ventricular elastance ([E.sub.max]), the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship, such as during rapidly imposed reductions in preload. The objective of the present study was to determine whether MMR activation elicits increases in [E.sub.max]. Experiments were performed using conscious dogs chronically instrumented to measure left ventricular pressure and volume at rest and during mild or moderate treadmill exercise with and without partial hindlimb ischemia to elicit MMR responses. At both workloads, MMR activation significantly increased CO, HR, AP, and maximum rate of change of left ventricular pressure. During both mild and moderate exercise, MMR activation increased [E.sub.max] to 159.6 [+ or -] 8.83 and 155.8 [+ or -] 6.32% of the exercise value under free-flow conditions, respectively. We conclude that the increase of ventricular elastance associated with MMR activation indicates that a substantial increase in ventricular contractility contributes to the rise in CO during dynamic exercise. elastance; pressor response; cardiac function