Search

Your search keyword '"Kimutai, Albert"' showing total 11 results
Start Over Author "Kimutai, Albert"
11 results on '"Kimutai, Albert"'

6. A review of leishmaniasis in Eastern Africa

Author

Ngure, Peter, Kimutai, Albert, Tonui, Willy K., and Ng'ang'a, Zipporah W.

Subjects
East Africa -- Health aspects, Leishmaniasis -- Distribution, Leishmaniasis -- Diagnosis, Leishmaniasis -- Care and treatment, Company distribution practices, Health
Abstract

ObjectiveThe review presents the epidemiology of leishmaniases in the Eastern Africa region.MethodsWe searched Pub Med and MEDLINE with several key words--namely, 'leishmaniasis'; 'cutaneous', 'diffuse cutaneous', 'mucosal', and 'visceral leishmaniasis'; 'kala azar' and 'post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis'--for recent clinical and basic science articles related to leishmaniasis in countries in the Eastern Africa region.ResultsPoverty, wars, conflicts and migration have significantly aggravated leishmaniases in Eastern Africa. Of particular concern is the increasing incidence of Leishmania-HIV co-infection in Ethiopia where 20--40% of the persons affected by visceral leishmaniasis are HIV-co-infected. Sudan has the highest prevalence rate of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) in the world, a skin complication of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) that mainly afflicts children below age ten.ConclusionIn view of its spread to previously non-endemic areas and an increase in imported cases, leishmaniasis in Eastern Africa should be considered a health emergency. Keywords: Leishmaniasis | Cutaneous | Visceral | Eastern Africa, Leishmaniasis: The neglected disease Leishmaniasis, a disease caused by obligate intracellular and kinetoplastid protozoa of the genus Leishmania, is an old but largely unknown disease that afflicts the World's poorest [...]

Published
2009

8. Effects of essential oils of lemon grass, Cymbopogon citratus and the Mexican marigold, Tagetes minuta on mortality and oviposition in adult sandflies, Phlebotomus duboscqi

Author

Kimutai, Albert, Ngeiywa, Moses, Njagi, Peter G. N., Mulaa, Margaret, Ingonga, Johnstone, Nyamwamu, Lydia B., Ombati, Cyprian, Ngumbi, Philip, Kimutai, Albert, Ngeiywa, Moses, Njagi, Peter G. N., Mulaa, Margaret, Ingonga, Johnstone, Nyamwamu, Lydia B., Ombati, Cyprian, and Ngumbi, Philip

Abstract

The efficacy of the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus and Tagetes minuta in causing mortality in adults of the sandfly Phlebotomus duboscqi was tested in a laboratory bioassay. The effect of the oils on oviposition by female sand flies was also evaluated. Each essential oil (EO) extract was tested at graded concentrations of 0.125; 0.250; 0.500; 0.750 and 1mg/ml in Tween 80 and a positive control of dimethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET). The oil and control preparations were applied onto the inner surface and bottom of a sterile pot and thirty adult sandflies P. duboscqi aspirated into the pot. The mortality of insects was recorded as the number of dead flies after 24, 48 and 72 h. In addition, the numbers of eggs oviposited by female flies that were subjected to the different treatments were recorded. The results showed that both the essential oils of T. minuta and C. citratus were highly potent against adult sand flies, P. duboscqi with mortality levels of 100.00 and 82.22 % on female sandflies and 100.00 and 88.89 % on male sandflies, respectively after 72h. Comparing the mortality levels caused by the two oils, which of C. citratus was significantly higher ( P 0. 05) than the oil of T. minuta on male and female sandflies. However, at the shorter periods there was no statistical difference in mortality levels of males and females subjected to each of the two oils. With regard to oviposition, female sandflies treated with the oil of C. citratus oil laid significantly lower number of eggs than those laid by sand flies treated with T. minuta oil. Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis done on samples of the two oils showed a wide range of candidate compounds, including terpenes. In conclusion, the two essential oils are promising natural insecticides due to their safety advantage over chemical insecticides. It remains to carry out further studies in the field using human subjects before their adoption for use against Phlebotomine sandflies. In a

Published
2015

11. The potential of the extracts of Tagetes minuta Linnaeus (Asteraceae), Acalypha fruticosa Forssk (Euphorbiaceae) and Tarchonanthus camphoratus L. (Compositae) against Phlebotomus duboscqi Neveu Lemaire (Diptera: Psychodidae), the vector for Leishmania major Yakimoff and Schokhor.

Author

Ireri LN, Kongoro J, Ngure P, Mutai C, Langat B, Tonui W, Kimutai A, and Mucheru O

Subjects
Animals, Female, Humans, Insect Vectors parasitology, Leishmania major physiology, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous parasitology, Male, Phlebotomus parasitology, Asteraceae chemistry, Euphorbiaceae chemistry, Insect Vectors drug effects, Insecticides pharmacology, Phlebotomus drug effects, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Tagetes chemistry
Abstract

Background & Objectives: Harmful effects of synthetic chemical insecticides including vector resistance, environmental pollution and health hazards have necessitated the current significance in the search for plant-based insecticide products that are environmentally safe and effective to leishmaniases control. The insecticidal activity of Tagetes minuta Linnaeus (Asteraceae), Acalypha fruticosa Forssk (Euphorbiaceae) and Tarchonanthus camphoratus L. (Compositae) extracts were investigated against Phlebotomus duboscqi Neveu Lemaire (Diptera: Psychodidae)., Methods: The extracts were prepared from dried aerial parts soaked in methanol and ethyl acetate twice until the filtrates became clear, filtered and dried out by rotary evaporation at 30-35 degrees C. The solid extracts obtained were later prepared into 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/ml. Two millilitres of the solutions were blotted on filter papers, which were dried overnight and placed into jars where adult sandflies were aspirated. Males and females were assayed separately., Results & Conclusion: The extracts had significant mortality (p<0.05) in both males and females bioassays but were not significantly different between sexes. The extracts of Acalypha fruticosa and Tagetes minuta had significantly higher mortality rates than those of Tarchonanthus camphoratus and the different concentrations used showed significantly different mortality rates and 10 mg/ml was the most effective concentration. Cent percent mortality was obtained at 96 h of exposure to 5 and 10 mg/ml concentrations except for Tarchonanthus camphoratus which had a mortality of only 46.7% in 10 mg/ml bioassay. These extracts were found to be insecticidal to adult sandflies.

Published
2010

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results