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2. Worry about crime and loneliness in nine countries of the former Soviet Union

Author

Stickley, Andrew, Kondo, N., Inoue, Y., Kanamori, M., Kino, S., Arakawa, Y., McKee, M., Stickley, Andrew, Kondo, N., Inoue, Y., Kanamori, M., Kino, S., Arakawa, Y., and McKee, M.

Abstract

Worry about crime has been linked to several detrimental outcomes including worse mental health. However, there has been little research on the association between worry about crime and loneliness, even though loneliness is increasingly being recognised as a serious public health issue. To address this deficit, this study examined the association between worry about crime and loneliness in nine countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine), using data from 18,000 respondents aged 18 and above that were collected during the Health in Times of Transition (HITT) survey in 2010/11. Results from a pooled logistic regression analysis showed that compared to those who reported no worry about crime, individuals with a high level of worry had significantly higher odds of loneliness (odds ratio [OR]: 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17–1.75). Sex- and age-stratified analyses further showed that the association was observed in women with a mid (OR: 1.37, 95%CI: 1.10–1.71) and a high level (OR: 1.70, 95%CI: 1.33–2.17) of worry about crime but not in men, and that a high level of worry about crime was linked to loneliness in adults aged 35–59 (OR: 1.39, 95%CI: 1.02–1.91) and 60 and above (OR: 1.64, 95%CI: 1.12–2.40) but not in those aged 18–34. High levels of worry about crime are associated with loneliness in the FSU countries. Reducing crime and its associated worries may have important public health benefits in these countries.

Published
2023
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3. The variability of muscle–blubber interface temperature with activity level in a captive Risso’s dolphin (Grampus griseus)

Author

Kino Sakai, Daisuke Fukui, Hiroshi Shirouzu, Yurie Watanabe, Daiki Inamori, Noriko Funasaka, Kagari Aoki, and Kentaro Q. Sakamoto

Subjects
Body temperature, Cetacea, Insulation, Marine mammal, Thermoregulation, Ecology, QH540-549.5, Animal biochemistry, QP501-801
Abstract

Abstract Background To reduce heat loss underwater, marine mammals cover their bodies with insulation. Cetaceans in particular rely solely on blubber for insulation which has low conductivity. Blubber establishes a great thermal gradient between the warmer body core and cooler body surface, reducing heat transfer to the environment. A temperature gradient within the blubber determines the conductive heat transfer from the body trunk, where conduction and convection are the primary heat transfer mechanisms in cetaceans. Therefore, measuring the temperature at the innermost part of the blubber, i.e., the temperature at the muscle–blubber interface (Tmbi), can enhance our understanding of thermoregulatory mechanisms in cetaceans. In thermoregulation, activity-induced heat produced by increased muscle metabolism is another factor that plays an important role, however, the effects of activity on Tmbi have not been investigated in cetaceans. To assess this relationship in free-swimming cetaceans, we measured Tmbi and activity levels in a captive Risso’s dolphin (Grampus griseus) using an implantable biologging device. Results Tmbi and activity data were analyzed for 11 days. The average Tmbi was 35.1 ± 0.6 ºC and the temperature gradient between Tmbi and the water temperature was 13.0 ± 0.7 ºC. Tmbi was higher during the daytime and lower in the early morning. The variation in Tmbi was best explained by both the activity levels and time of day. Tmbi did not simply increase with activity levels; it appeared to remain relatively constant at most activity levels. However, Tmbi appeared to decrease when the animal was inactive and increase when it was intensely active. Conclusion Our results provide important insights into how a dolphin regulates its body temperature underwater. Thermal insulation by blubber and heat production by activity were suggested to play important roles in thermoregulation. Whole-body heat dissipation might be used to regulate temperature increases when heat production is excessive due to intense activity. During inactive periods, decreasing temperature gradient may help reduce heat loss from the body.

Published
2024
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8. A global survey of clinicians' awareness, accessibility, utilization of e-continuous education, and quality of clinical blood use: policy considerations

Author

Smit Sibinga CT, Oladejo MA, Adejumo OH, Eichbaum Q, Kumagawa M, Kino S, Zolfaghari S, Wendel S, Rasovic G, Erdenebayar N, Makhmudova M, Mpuntsha L, Ingram C, Karabaev BB, Kajja I, Sanji ZMH, and Satti MM

Subjects
continuous E-learning and education (CE) programs, Human Development Index, lcsh:R, utilization, lcsh:Medicine, awareness, clinical blood use, blood prescribing clinicians/nurses, Patient Blood Management, accessibility, quality management
Abstract

Cees Th Smit Sibinga,1 Maruff A Oladejo,2 Olamide Hakeem Adejumo,3 Quentin Eichbaum,4 Midori Kumagawa,5 Shuichi Kino,5 Sima Zolfaghari,6 Silvano Wendel,7 Gordana Rasovic,8 Namjil Erdenebayar,9 Maya Makhmudova,10 Loyiso Mpuntsha,11 Charlotte Ingram,11 Bakyt B Kharabaev,12 Isaac Kajja,13 Zainab Mukhtar Hussain Sanji,14 Maria M M Satti15 1IQM Consulting for International Development of Quality Management in Transfusion Medicine, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; 2Department of Educational Management, University of Lagos, Lagos, 3Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria; 4Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; 5Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido Block Blood Center, Japan; 6IBTO, Tehran, Iran; 7Blood Bank, Hospital Sirio Libanês, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 8Montenegro National Blood Transfusion Center, Podgorica, Montenegro; 9National Center for Transfusion Medicine, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; 10Consultant IQM Consulting, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; 11South Africa National Blood Transfusion Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; 12National Blood Transfusion Service, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan; 13Department of Orthopedics, Mulago Hospital, Makerere University, Uganda; 14Consultant, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan; 15National Blood Transfusion Service, Khartoum, Sudan Introduction: Clinical use of blood has shown the least developed part in the vein-to-vein transfusion chain. This global study was carried out in order to investigate the level of awareness, accessibility and utilization of continuous e-learning and education, and quality of blood use among blood prescribing clinicians and nurses.Approach: Descriptive ex post facto survey design.Methods: A total of 264 purposively selected blood prescribing clinicians and nurses from the four Human Development Index (HDI) groups of countries (low, medium, high, and very high) participated in this study. Three research questions were answered, while seven null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Descriptive statistical tools (frequency counts and percentage) were used to analyze demographic backgrounds; inferential statistics – Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze hypotheses.Results: Quality of clinical blood use was positively and significantly correlated with the level of awareness (r=0.137; p=0.03; df=262) and accessibility (r=0.184; p=0.01; df=262) to e-continuous learning among clinicians/nurses. There was a significant difference in the levels of awareness (F[3,260]=53.942, p=0.01), accessibility (F[3,260]=38.582, p=0.01), and utilization (F[3,260]=24.858, p=0.01) of continuous e-learning and education among clinicians/nurses based on HDI grouping, particularly between very high and low HDI. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the levels of accessibility (F[6,257]=6.444, p=0.01) and utilization (F[6,257]=13.704, p=0.01) of continuous e-learning and education among clinicians based on clinical specialty/department and a significant difference in the quality of clinical blood use based on clinical specialty/department (F[6,257]=9.677, p=0.01).Conclusion and recommendations: The higher the HDI level the better is the awareness, accessibility, and utilization of continuous education, both through e-learning and conventional in teaching curricula. This has an immediate impact on the quality of clinical care and in particular on supportive hemotherapy and the development of patient blood management systems. Keywords: continuous E-learning and education programs, awareness, accessibility, utilization, blood prescribing clinicians/nurses, Human Development Index, quality management, clinical blood use, patient blood management

Published
2017

13. Use of diffusive optical fibers for plant lighting

Author

Kozai, T, Kitaya, Y, Fujiwara, K, Kino, S, and Kinowaki, M

Subjects
Optics
Abstract

Lighting is one of the most critical aspects in plant production and environmental research with plants. Much research has been repeated on the effect of light intensity, spectral distribution of light and lighting cycle, but comparatively little research done on the effect of lighting direction on the growth, development and morphology of plants. When plants are grown with lamps above, light is directed downward to the plants. Downward or overhead lighting is utilized in almost all cases. However, downward lighting does not always give the best result in terms of lighting efficiency, growth, development and morphology of plants. In the present study, a sideward lighting system was developed using diffusive optical fiber belts. More higher quality tissue-cultured transplants could be produced in a reduced space with the sideward lighting system than with a downward lighting system. An application of the sideward lighting system using diffusive optical fiber belts is described and the advantages and disadvantages are discussed.

Published
1994

17. Laser Induced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Applied to a Study on Tc (IV) Colloid Coagulation Processes(II. Radiochemistry)

Author

Sekine, T., Kino, S., Kino, Y., and Kudo, H.

Abstract

Laser induced photoacoustic spectroscopy (LPAS) was applied to determination of the concentration and size of colloid particles in aqueous solutions. The intensity of photoacoustic signals for mono-dispersed polystyrene particles in different sizes was linearly increased with an increase of the polystyrene concentration, while the proportionality was dependent on the particle size. Furthermore, dynamic measurements of colloid-particle growing of gold sols produced by the reaction of aurate ions (AuCl_4^-) with sodium citrate was made by means of LPAS. The intensity of photoacoustic signals for polystyrene and gold particles was successfully calculated as a product of the number of particles and the absorption cross section per particle based on the Mie's light scattering theory. With this technique, the coagulation of Tc(IV) colloids prepared by the reduction of TcO_4^- with Sn(II) was observed. The observed growth rate of colloid particles was successfully analyzed by a newly developed collision model, in which both the distribution of the kinetic energy of particles and the potential barrier between the two particles played significant roles.

Published
2000

24. Toward consensus in the analysis of urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′- deoxyguanosine as a noninvasive biomarker of oxidative stress

Author

Evans, M D, Olinski, R, Loft, S, Cooke, M S, Rossner, Jr P, Sram, R, Henriksen, T, Poulsen, H E, Weimann, Allan, Barbieri, A, Sabatini, L, Violante, F, Kino, S, Ochi, T, Sakai, K, Takeuchi, M, Kasai, H, Meerman, J H N, Gackowski, D, Rozalski, R, Siomek, A, Halliwell, Barry, Jenner, Andrew M, Wang, H, Cerda, C, Saez, G, Haghdoost, S, Svoboda, P, Hu, C-W, Chao, M-R, Peng, K-Y, Shih, W-C, Wu, K-Y, Orhan, H, Istanbullu, N S, Mistry, V, Farmer, P B, Sandhu, J, Singh, R, Cortez, C, Su, Y, Santella, R M, Lambert, P, Smith, R, Evans, M D, Olinski, R, Loft, S, Cooke, M S, Rossner, Jr P, Sram, R, Henriksen, T, Poulsen, H E, Weimann, Allan, Barbieri, A, Sabatini, L, Violante, F, Kino, S, Ochi, T, Sakai, K, Takeuchi, M, Kasai, H, Meerman, J H N, Gackowski, D, Rozalski, R, Siomek, A, Halliwell, Barry, Jenner, Andrew M, Wang, H, Cerda, C, Saez, G, Haghdoost, S, Svoboda, P, Hu, C-W, Chao, M-R, Peng, K-Y, Shih, W-C, Wu, K-Y, Orhan, H, Istanbullu, N S, Mistry, V, Farmer, P B, Sandhu, J, Singh, R, Cortez, C, Su, Y, Santella, R M, Lambert, P, and Smith, R

Abstract

Of the DNA-derived biomarkers of oxidative stress, urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) is the most frequently measured. However, there is significant discrepancy between chromatographic and immunoassay approaches, and intratechnique agreement among all available chromatography-based assays and ELISAs is yet to be established. This is a significant obstacle to their use in large molecular epidemiological studies. To evaluate the accuracy of intra/intertechnique and interlaboratory measurements, samples of phosphate buffered saline and urine, spiked with different concentrations of 8-oxoG, together with a series of urine samples from healthy individuals were distributed to ESCULA members. All laboratories received identical samples, including 2 negative controls that contained no added 8-oxodG. Data were returned from 17 laboratories, representing 20 methods, broadly classified as mass spectrometric (MS), electrochemical detection (EC), or enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Overall, there was good within-technique agreement, with the majority of laboratories' results lying within 1 SD of their consensus mean. However, ELISA showed more within-technique variation than did the chromatographic techniques and, for the urine samples, reported higher values. Bland-Altman plots revealed good agreement between MS and EC methods but concentration-dependent deviation for ELISA. All methods ranked urine samples according to concentration similarly. Creatinine levels are routinely used as a correction factor for urine concentration, and therefore we also conducted an interlaboratory comparison of methods for urinary creatinine determination, in which the vast majority of values lay within 1 SD of the consensus value, irrespective of the analysis procedure. This study reveals greater consensus than previously expected, although concern remains over ELISA. © FASEB.

Published
2010

27. Detection threshold energy of high energy cascade showers using thermoluminescence PTFE-sheet and hot-gas reader

Author

Kino, S, Nakanishi, A, Miono, S, Kitajima, T, Yanagita, T, Nakatsuka, T, Ohmori, N, and Hazama, M

Subjects
Space Radiation
Abstract

A new thermoluminescence (TL) sheet was developed as a detector for high energy components in air showers. For the investigation of detection threshold energy for a cascade showeer, TL sheets were exposed at Mt. Fuji with X ray films in emulsion chambers and were scanned by a hot-gas reader. It is concluded that if a gamma ray whose energy is more than 6 TeV enters vertically into lead chambers, the resulting cascade shower is readily detectable at maximum development.

Published
1985

30. Relationship between family characteristics and children's regular toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste.

Author

Kino, S., Bernabé, E., Sabbah, W., and Aukett, J.

Abstract

Objective: To examine the association between toothbrushing habits of 8-9 year-olds and maternal behaviours and attitudes towards oral health in a sample of Japanese population. Methods: Cross-sectional data on mothers' behaviours and attitudes towards oral health and children's toothbrushing habits were collected from 378 mother-child pairs by self-administered questionnaires. Logistic regression examined the association of children's daily brushing with fluoride toothpaste with family characteristics, mother's behaviour (toothbrushing frequency, use of interdental aids and supervision of children's toothbrushing), and mother's attitudes towards oral health (priority for toothbrushing and dental fear). Results: Children's favourable brushing habits were positively associated with child's gender (female) (OR 1.29; 95%CI: 1.09,1.53), child's order of birth (first) (OR 1.53; 95%CI: 1.05,2.23), maternal brushing habits (OR 2.42; 95%CI: 1.73,3.40), and maternal dental fear (OR 1.45; 95%CI: 1.10,1.90). None of the other examined factors were significantly associated with child toothbrushing behaviour. Conclusions: Maternal oral hygiene practice and attitude towards dentists appear to be important predictors of children's toothbrushing habits in this Japanese community sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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38. Flexible Fiber-Optics Probes for Raman and FT-IR Remote Spectroscopy.

Author

Matsuura, Y., Kino, S., Yokoyama, E., Katagiri, T., Sato, H., and Tashiro, H.

Abstract

Hollow optical fiber probes are used for remote Raman and infrared spectroscopy. Preliminary experiments using these probes are performed, and the results of the experiments show that the hollow fiber probes are useful for endoscopic measurement of Raman and infrared spectroscopy. As regards to Raman spectroscopy, a hollow fiber probe with a ball lens at the end works as a confocal system. It can, thus, detect the molecular structure of biotissues with a high SNR. Owing to their small diameter, the probes are useful for in vivo noninvasive analysis by using a flexible endoscope. A hollow-fiber probe was also used for remote Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the form of an endoscopic measurement of infrared reflectometry spectra inside the body. This measurement was made possible by the high flexibility and durability, nontoxicity, and low transmission losses of the hollow-fiber-based probes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2007
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40. Papillary adenoma of the distal common bile duct.

Author

Inagaki, Mitsuhiro, Ishizaki, Akira, Kino, Shuichi, Onodera, Kazuhiko, Matsumoto, Kakuya, Yokoyama, Kazunori, Makino, Isao, Ojima, Hidenori, Tokusashi, Yoshihiko, Miyokawa, Naoyuki, Kasai, Shinichi, Inagaki, M, Ishizaki, A, Kino, S, Onodera, K, Matsumoto, K, Yokoyama, K, Makino, I, Ojima, H, and Tokusashi, Y

Subjects
ADENOMA, PANCREATICODUODENECTOMY
Abstract

A 73-year-old man with a papillary adenoma located in the distal common bile duct is reported. He underwent pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. The lesion in the common bile duct featured papillary proliferation of the epithelium and fibrous elements with diffuse infiltration by inflammatory cells. Positive staining for MIB-1 (Ki-67) and p53 was identified in the nuclei of the proliferative epithelium. These findings suggested the malignant potential of this lesion. Further progress in imaging diagnostic techniques should increase the frequency with which such lesions are discovered. Even now, if mural irregularities and defects are found in the extrahepatic biliary system, especially the distal common bile duct, the possibility of such borderline biliary adenoma should be taken into consideration when making a diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1999
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42. Large- P spectrum of EAS subcores observed by the 54 m spark chamber array at Mt. Norikura.

Author

Nakatsuka, T., Nishikawa, K., Sakata, M., Yamamoto, Y., Yura, T., Kusunose, M., Ohmori, N., Yanagita, T., Dake, S., Kawamoto, M., Sugihara, T., Kino, S., Hatano, Y., Jitsuno, K., Kitajima, T., and Hazama, M.

Abstract

Copyright of Il Nuovo Cimento: A is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
1983
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