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Although the number of applications for 3D printing has substantially risen over the past several years, it is required to calibrate the AM processing settings. Various methods of AL are being applied in today's world in order to improve the parameters of 3D printing and to forecast the quality of components that have been 3D printed. An application of ML in the prediction of the properties and performance of 3D-printed components has been demonstrated in the current work. This research begins with an introduction to machine learning and continues with a summary of its uses in the 3D printing process. The majority of this chapter is dedicated to discussing the applications of ML in the forecasting of essential properties of 3D-printed components. In order to accomplish this objective, prior research studies that studied the application of ML in the characterisation of polymeric and polymer composites have been reviewed and addressed.

Background Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that results from an imbalance between pathological and protective factors. The imbalance produced favors demineralization of enamel. If detected early non-cavitated lesions can be reverted with the help of remineralizing agents. The role of calcium-phosphate remineralization systems and the ErYAG and diode lasers in the treatment of these lesions has recently been taken into account.Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the remineralization potential of Erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser ErYAG laser diode laser combined with MI varnish on the depth of remineralization of incipient carious lesions.Methods Forty eight human premolars were collected conditioned with demineralizing agents to create artificial carious lesions. Then the samples were coated with nail paint leaving a uncoated window of 4 mmtimes 4 mm facially. The samples were then randomly divided into four groups n12 Group I ndashControl Group II ndashMI Varnish Group III ndash MI Varnish ErYAG laser and Group IV ndashMI Varnish Diode laser. For a period of seven days specimens were conditioned with remineralizing agents followed by laser irradiation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy CLSM was used to assess the depth of demineralization and remineralization. Statistical Package SPSS 22.0 SPSS Inc. Chicago IL was used to analyze the data. KruskalndashWallis test was used to analyze the difference between the groups and post hoc MannndashWhitney test was used to compare the differences between the groups. The level of significance was set at p lt0.05.Results Samples in Group III showed greater remineralization depth 1488.235 compared to other groups with statistically significant p lt0.001.Conclusion Within the limitations of this in vitro study MI varnish alone is less effective compared to laser groups MI varnish ErYAG and MI varnish Diode laser which showed increased remineralization depths.

Objective The diagnosis of any dental pathology can vary from being simple to challenging. While the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is well established, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains a proof of concept. This systematic review aims to compare the diagnostic ability of MRI with CBCT in diagnosing periapical pathosis. Materials and Methods This systematic search was performed using the electronic databases of MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Science Direct to identify relevant articles from 2010 to 2020. The search terms used were magnetic resonance imaging, cone beam computed tomography, diagnosis, and periapical diseases. Result In total, 3218 potentially relevant abstracts and titles were identified. After removing duplicates, 1288 articles were reviewed for titles and abstracts, and 29 articles were selected for full-text reading. From those, 19 articles were finally selected that included original research studies, case reports, and case series and were included for systematic review. Most of the studies included in this review suggested that the combined use of CBCT and MRI is needed for a better and more precise diagnosis of complex periapical pathoses. The main advantage of MRI is its ability to image soft tissues usingnonionizing radiation, and the main disadvantage in the case of CBCT is overdiagnosis of the lesion. Conclusion MRI has various advantages over CBCT with similar diagnostic utility. When diagnosing periapical pathogens, both MRI and CBCT are needed for an accurate diagnosis.

Covid -19 has taken a huge toll on health care sector. Many health care workers (HCWs) fall susceptible to this pandemic infection leading to occupational health hazard. It also has significantly changed the practice of dentistry. Importance of personal protective equipment cannot be enough stressed upon in present scenario due to uncertainity of vaccine availability and efficacy. Major role in protection of health care workers is played by face masks and respirators. Due to crisis in present scenario, there has been an acute shortage of masks though the production has been upregulated. Also due to increased production of masks, it has posed a significant environmental hazard. This review aims to summarize different types of masks available, their effectiveness and optimization of usage of masks to derive adequate protection thus preventing occupational health hazard with emphasis on eco-friendly masks for a better environmental safety.  Â

This systematic review was done to provide an insight into the complications and prognosis of overfilling of root canal material into the maxillary sinus. The prescribed reporting guidelines for systematic review were followed. The PEO employed for the systematic review is as follows: Population: maxillary teeth that underwent root canal treatment, Exposure: overfilling into the maxillary sinus, Outcome: complications and the associated prognosis to the event. An extensive search was done in five databases along with the grey literature to find the potentially relevant articles. After screening and selection, 18 articles were chosen for the qualitative analysis. The systematic review concluded that the foreign bodies in the maxillary sinus in the long run could result in sinusitis and infections of fungal etiology. Lack of proper knowledge and improper elucidation of history often leads to delayed diagnosis and prolonged suffering for the patients.

The study was conducted to evaluate the nutrient status of selected villages under six taluks of Chitradurga District. For this purpose, 854 surface soil samples were collected from six taluks of Chitradurga district in Karnataka. The results showed that soil pH varied from 6.00-8.00 slightly acidic to slightly alkaline and EC is non-saline nature. Soils were found to be low to high in available nitrogen (46-400 kg kg N ha) and samples fall under medium to high available phosphorus (>22.50 kg P ha) category. The available potassium status in surface soils of different talukas ranged from 94.08 to 685.44 kg ha. Available sulphur content in soil varied from 2.85 to 24.60 kg ha-1. Among the 854 samples of the six taluks, Maximum soil samples area showing sufficient in zinc status, only

Introduction: Low level lasers have an average output power range between 5 and 500 mW. Low level lasers have shown nonthermal, and bio-stimulatory effects. The most common complication of single visit endodontics is a flare-up that results in pain and swelling. Aim:The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the effect of Low Level Laser Therapy in pain management after single visit endodontic treatment pain. Materials and methods: Thirty subjects with symptomatic apical periodontitis in their lower premolars were divided randomly into 3 groups. Group A was administered Low level Laser for 5 minutes prior to the procedure at the apex of the tooth through buccal mucosa and into the canal after pulp space preparation. Group B was given 600 milligrams of ibuprofen half an hour prior to the start of the treatment and given Low level Laser just prior to the treatment and into the canal after the completion of pulp space preparation. Group C was kept as a control group which was neither given analgesics nor laser preoperatively.Intensity of pain after treatment was noted down on a visual analog scale at four hour, eight hour,twelve hour and twenty four hour interval. Results: Results were obtained after statistical analysis. Conclusion: LLLT group showed less pain levels than the control group after single visit endodontics.

Aim: To evaluate the salivary Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and Matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity in participants with high caries index and to compare it with that of caries free participants. Materials and Methods: Unstimulated salivary samples of 100 high and low caries index participants were collected within the age group of 18-60. The mean pH of all the samples was tested with a pH meter. The activity of Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 was determined using gelatin zymography. Result: Mean salivary pH of high caries index participants were significantly higher than that of caries free participants. Also,gelatinase activity determined using gelatin zymography was significantly higher in the salivary samples of the participants with high caries index than that of the low caries index participants. Conclusion: Salivary MMP2 and MMP9 was determined to be more active in high caries index participants saliva than that of caries free participants. Thus, this was predictive of the enhanced activity of MMP 2 and MMP 9 which are gelatinases. This directs towards the significance of MMP 2 and MMP 9’s role in the degradation of dentine collagen matrix and thereby caries progression.

Organs fail to fulfil their need in the body due to different etiological factors. Hence, demand for the transplantation of a viable organ arises. Oral cavity is capable of projecting the faults of an improperly functioning organ. Dentists are more likely to encounter such cases in their daily practice. However, such cases go unreported due to inadequate knowledge in this field. This review is formatted by collecting all available literature on PubMed, Google Scholar and Google search engines to showcase the role of dentists in the management of patients undergoing Organ Transplantation. This review enlightens on how Dentists can better equip themselves to tackle such cases, when they come across one. This review also projects on the infection foci arising from the oral cavity disturbing the systemic organs and the treatment protocols for managing it.

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2015 at Zonal Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Babbur farm, Hiriyur. Pure crop of castor is tested against intercropping of groundnut. Among the different intercropping systems, castor + groundnut (1:7) ratio significantly recorded higher castor yield (916 kg ha-1) and castor equivalent yield (CEY: 2107 kg ha-1). Similarly, same treatment which recorded higher net returns (Rs. 55612) and B: C ratio (2.75).

Background and Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the accuracy of CBCT by comparing the linear measurements of impacted maxillary canines measured by CBCT scans with physical measurements from digital calipers. Method: 18 patients in the age group of 13 years and above having impacted maxillary canine/s classified as sector III or IVwith complete root formation and willing for surgical extractionwere included. CBCT scan was taken of the quadrant of interest using KODAK 9000 3D Extraoral Imaging System. All linear measurements (mesiodistal width, labiolingual width and total length of tooth) were carried out. After the atraumatic surgical removal of impacted canines, the teeth were collected and the same measurements were made by digital calipers, using the same points as those used for the CBCT scans. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Intra and inter observer reliability was excellent as coefficient of correlation was above 0.92 for all digital caliper and CBCT measurements. Comparison of intra-examiner CBCT and Digital Caliper methods in measurements of labiolingual width, mesiodistal width and total tooth length by Paired-t test showed no statistically significant difference for labiolingual width and mesiodistal. Conclusion: The labiolingual and mesiodistal tooth width measurements from CBCT scans were accurate and the differences between the digital caliper and CBCT measurements were not statistically significant. Total tooth length measurements derived from the CBCT images were less accurate compared with the actual measurements.

The gearbox is the primary tool of power transmission and for effective transmission the smooth operation of gears is essential. But gears do lose their efficiency over time due to various conditions like wear, gear damage etc. This may cause significant economic losses. So to maintain the maximum efficiency a monitoring system must be in place. The monitoring system uses a set of accelerometers, Data acquisition system (DAQ), Microphone in junction with other sensors to collect data. This data is then interpreted using suitable software. A series of graphs are plotted with various parameters like acceleration v/s frequency or acceleration v/s time from various points on the gearbox. This is done with a healthy set of gears and then with a various defective set of gears. The deviation in the waveform of defective gear set when compared with the waveform of a healthy gear set will help us know the form of the defect without opening the gearbox itself. This data can then be used in the monitoring system., {"references":["Dhanush, D., Prasad, A., S., L.(2019). Identification of Tooth Damage in a Gearbox by Vibration Signal Analysis. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 7(6).","Amit, A., & Khalid, S. (2012). Vibration analysis techniques for gearbox diagnostic. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology, 3(2).","Ibrahim, G. R., & Albarbar, A. (2012). Gearbox fault features extraction using vibration measurements and novel adaptive filtering scheme. Advances in Acoustics and Vibration, 2012.","He, L., Yimin, Z., & Bangchun, W. (2007). Experiment Research on Gear wearing Using order tracking. In 12th IFToMM World Congress (pp. 19-21).","Pawar, P. B., & Utpat, A. A. (2015). Analysis of composite material spur gear under static loading condition. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2(4-5), 2968-2974.","Amitesh, Kale V., Alumimium based metal matrix composites for aerospace application"]}

BACKGROUND: The cytotoxicity of Sodium hypochlorite has always been a concern when used as an endodontic irrigant. Quest for an equally effective, but less toxic substitute has led to researches on Calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)2 ) solutions. But it has been proven that 10% Calcium hypochlorite solution at room temperature (250 C) demonstrated slower rate of tissue dissolution than Sodium hypochlorite. Aim: This study was performed to assess if preheating enhanced the tissue dissolution capacity of 10% Ca(ClO)2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human pulp tissue was obtained from freshly extracted single rooted mandibular premolars. The tissue weight was standardized to 9.5mg. The test groups consisted of freshly prepared Ca(ClO)2 solutions at room temperature (250 C), 450 C and 600 C. Ten specimens were assigned to each group with each specimen immersed in 2ml of the test solution. Five specimens immersed in normal saline made the control group. Every five minutes the tissue was retrieved, blotted dry, weighed and immersed back in fresh 2 ml of solution. This was continued for 60 minutes or till complete dissolution. The percentage difference in weight at each interval was calculated. The values obtained were statistically analyzed using one –way ANOVA. Intergroup comparison at different time intervals was done using Bonferroni test. RESULTS: Ca(ClO)2 solution at 600 C dissolved the tissue significantly faster than other solutions. The tissue dissolution rate of solution at 450 C was greater than that at 250 C. (P< 0.05) CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that preheating 10% Ca(ClO)2 solution significantly enhanced its tissue dissolution capacity.