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73 results on '"Kirkwood, W."'

2. Design and deployment of borehole observatories and experiments during IODP Expedition 336, Mid-Atlantic Ridge flank at North Pond

Author

Edwards, K.J., primary, Wheat, C.G., additional, Orcutt, B.N., additional, Hulme, S., additional, Becker, K., additional, Jannasch, H., additional, Haddad, A., additional, Pettigrew, T., additional, Rhinehart, W., additional, Grigar, K., additional, Bach, W., additional, Kirkwood, W., additional, and Klaus, A., additional

Published
2012
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3. Free-ocean CO2 enrichment (FOCE) systems: present status and future developments

Author

Gattuso, J.-P., Kirkwood, W., Barry, J. P., Cox, E., Gazeau, F., Hansson, L., Hendriks, I., Kline, D. I., Mahacek, P., Martin, S., McElhany, P., Peltzer, E. T., Reeve, J., Roberts, D., Saderne, Vincent, Tait, K., Widdicombe, S., and Brewer, P. G.

Subjects
lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, lcsh:QH540-549.5, lcsh:QE1-996.5, lcsh:Life, lcsh:Ecology
Abstract

Free-ocean CO2 enrichment (FOCE) systems are designed to assess the impact of ocean acidification on biological communities in situ for extended periods of time (weeks to months). They overcome some of the drawbacks of laboratory experiments and field observations by enabling (1) precise control of CO2 enrichment by monitoring pH as an offset of ambient pH, (2) consideration of indirect effects such as those mediated through interspecific relationships and food webs, and (3) relatively long experiments with intact communities. Bringing perturbation experiments from the laboratory to the field is, however, extremely challenging. The main goal of this paper is to provide guidelines on the general design, engineering, and sensor options required to conduct FOCE experiments. Another goal is to introduce xFOCE, a community-led initiative to promote awareness, provide resources for in situ perturbation experiments, and build a user community. Present and existing FOCE systems are briefly described and examples of data collected presented. Future developments are also addressed as it is anticipated that the next generation of FOCE systems will include, in addition to pH, options for oxygen and/or temperature control. FOCE systems should become an important experimental approach for projecting the future response of marine ecosystems to environmental change.

Published
2014

5. Carbonate chemistry of an in-situ free-ocean CO2 enrichment experiment (antFOCE) in comparison to short term variation in Antarctic coastal waters

Author

Stark, J. S., primary, Roden, N. P., additional, Johnstone, G. J., additional, Milnes, M., additional, Black, J. G., additional, Whiteside, S., additional, Kirkwood, W., additional, Newbery, K., additional, Stark, S., additional, van Ooijen, E., additional, Tilbrook, B., additional, Peltzer, E. T., additional, Berry, K., additional, and Roberts, D., additional

Published
2018
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7. Free-ocean CO 2 enrichment (FOCE) systems: present status and future developments

Author

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre, Kirkwood, W, Barry, J.P, Cox, E, Gazeau, Frédéric, Hansson, L, Hendriks, I, Kline, D.I., Mahacek, P, Martin, Sophie, Mcelhany, P., Peltzer, E.T., Reeve, J, Roberts, D, Saderne, V, Tait, K, Widdicombe, S, Brewer, P.G., Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre, Global Change Department (IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB)), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Ecogéochimie et Fonctionnement des Ecosystèmes Benthiques (EFEB), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conservation Biology Division [Seattle], Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of the environment, Channel Highway, Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE-CRC), Benthic Ecology group (GEOMAR), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry
Abstract

International audience; Free-ocean CO2 enrichment (FOCE) systems are designed to assess the impact of ocean acidification on biological communities in situ for extended periods of time (weeks to months). They overcome some of the drawbacks of laboratory experiments and field observations by enabling (1) precise control of CO2 enrichment by monitoring pH as an offset of ambient pH, (2) consideration of indirect effects such as those mediated through interspecific relationships and food webs, and (3) relatively long experiments with intact communities. Bringing perturbation experiments from the laboratory to the field is, however, extremely challenging. The main goal of this paper is to provide guidelines on the general design, engineering, and sensor options required to conduct FOCE experiments. Another goal is to introduce xFOCE, a community-led initiative to promote awareness, provide resources for in situ perturbation experiments, and build a user community. Present and existing FOCE systems are briefly described and examples of data collected presented. Future developments are also addressed as it is anticipated that the next generation of FOCE systems will include, in addition to pH, options for oxygen and/or temperature control. FOCE systems should become an important experimental approach for projecting the future response of marine ecosystems to environmental change.

Published
2014
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11. Notes

Author

Hardenburg, E. V., J. T., Chalker, M. B., Harrington, F. M., H. C. M, Kirkwood, W. P., Tolaas, A. G., and Stuart, W.

Published
1930
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14. Free Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> Enrichment (FOCE) systems: present status and future developments

Author

Gattuso, J.-P., primary, Kirkwood, W., additional, Barry, J.P., additional, Cox, E., additional, Gazeau, F., additional, Hansson, L., additional, Hendriks, I., additional, Kline, D. I., additional, Mahacek, P., additional, Martin, S., additional, McElhany, P., additional, Peltzer, E. T., additional, Reeve, J., additional, Roberts, D., additional, Saderne, V., additional, Tait, K., additional, Widdicombe, S., additional, and Brewer, P. G., additional

Published
2014
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17. High-Resolution Multibeam and Subbottom Surveys of Submarine Canyons, Deep-Sea Fan Channels, and Gas Seeps Using the MBARI Mapping AUV

Author

Henthorn, Richard, Caress, David, Thomas, Hans, McEwen, Rob, Kirkwood, W., Paull, C., Keaten, Rendy, Henthorn, Richard, Caress, David, Thomas, Hans, McEwen, Rob, Kirkwood, W., Paull, C., and Keaten, Rendy

Abstract

The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) has developed an autonomous seafloor mapping capability for high resolution mapping of the deep ocean seafloor. The MBARI Mapping AUV is a 21" diameter, Dorado class autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) equipped with a 200 kHz multibeam sonar, 110 kHz and 410 kHz sidescan sonars, and a 2-16 kHz subbottom profiler. All components of the vehicle are rated to 6000 m depth. Using precise navigation and attitude data from an laser-ring-gyro-based inertial navigation system (INS) integrated with a Doppler velocity log sonar (DVL), the Mapping AUV can image the deep-ocean seafloor and shallow subsurface structure with much greater resolution than is possible with hull-mounted sonars. The system can also be operated in an ROV-mounted configuration, allowing near-bottom surveys in very restricted terrain. The Mapping AUV has conducted several autonomous surveys of Monterey Canyon and Smooth Ridge in Monterey Bay, and ROV-mounted surveys of five sites along the Monterey Canyon axis during 2005 and 2006. During June 2006, the Mapping AUV surveyed mounds and channel deposits in the Santa Monica Basin. The bathymetric surveys have achieved a vertical precision of 0.3 m; surveys from a 20 m altitude achieve sub-meter lateral resolution and surveys from 50-100 m altitudes achieve lateral resolutions less than 2 m. The subbottom profile data provides resolution of ~0.1 m with penetrations up to 50 m in soft sediments. The combination of high-resolution bathymetry with closely spaced subbottom profiles allow us to Additional Mapping AUV expeditions are planned for 2006, including surveys of Barclay submarine canyon and the summits of Davidson and Axial seamounts.

Published
2006
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20. The coral proto - free ocean carbon enrichment system (CP-FOCE): Engineering and development

Author

Marker, Malcolm, primary, Kline, D. I., additional, Kirkwood, W. J., additional, Headley, K., additional, Brewer, P. G., additional, Peltzer, E. T., additional, Miard, T., additional, Chai, A., additional, James, M., additional, Schneider, K., additional, Silverman, J., additional, Caldeira, K., additional, Koseff, J. R., additional, Monismith, S., additional, Opdyke, B., additional, Dunbar, R., additional, White, R., additional, Dove, S., additional, and Hoegh-Guldberg, O., additional

Published
2010
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34. Free-ocean CO2 enrichment (FOCE) systems: present status and future developments.

Author

Gattuso, J.-P., Kirkwood, W., Barry, J. P., Cox, E., Gazeau, F., Hansson, L., Hendriks, I., Kline, D. I., Mahacek, P., Martin, S., McElhany, P., Peltzer, E. T., Reeve, J., Roberts, D., Saderne, V., Tait, K., Widdicombe, S., and Brewer, P. G.

Subjects
BIOTIC communities, ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide, OCEANOGRAPHIC observations, HYDROGEN-ion concentration, FOOD chains, CLIMATE change
Abstract

Free-ocean CO2 enrichment (FOCE) systems are designed to assess the impact of ocean acidification on biological communities in situ for extended periods of time (weeks to months). They overcome some of the drawbacks of laboratory experiments and field observations by enabling (1) precise control of CO2 enrichment by monitoring pH as an offset of ambient pH, (2) consideration of indirect effects such as those mediated through interspecific relationships and food webs, and (3) relatively long experiments with intact communities. Bringing perturbation experiments from the laboratory to the field is, however, extremely challenging. The main goal of this paper is to provide guidelines on the general design, engineering, and sensor options required to conduct FOCE experiments. Another goal is to introduce xFOCE, a community-led initiative to promote awareness, provide resources for in situ perturbation experiments, and build a user community. Present and existing FOCE systems are briefly described and examples of data collected presented. Future developments are also addressed as it is anticipated that the next generation of FOCE systems will include, in addition to pH, options for oxygen and/or temperature control. FOCE systems should become an important experimental approach for projecting the future response of marine ecosystems to environmental change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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36. Malarion cures chills and fever

Author

Kirkwood, W. H. and Kirkwood, W. H.

Abstract

Trade card advertising Malarion, a remedy prepared by W.H. Kirkwood, Taylorville, Ill. Title on verso: Malarion is a vegetable liver medicine of great strength.

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