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Photonic crystal fiber is a category of optical fibers, getting great attention by its promise to offer a range of optical characteristics that are not achievable in conventional optical fibers. Engineered dispersion and nonlinear characteristics of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) make it an attractive candidate for nonlinear optics and advanced optical networking in the all-optical domain. An optical network consists of different optical components such as laser sources, amplifiers, regenerators, and convertors for proper signal transmission over long distances. In recent years, the performance of the components has been improving by employing the appealing properties of PCF. The PCF's application on such components is discussed, and the simulated results on gain amplification, regeneration, conversion, fiber laser are reviewed. These developments reveal that the enhanced performance provided by PCF makes it suitable for different optics applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, fiber with a large mode area is desired for fiber laser and beam delivery applications. But the use of these fiber types is restricted to linear optical applications due to the lower value of the nonlinear coefficient. This paper investigates a single material-based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with improved optical characteristics, applicable for linear and nonlinear optics. The light propagation in the structure is explored by applying finite element solver-based COMSOL multiphysics software. Five nonlinear optical materials are utilized as background material to get the optimized material with high performance PCF. Using this PCF, the improved optical properties of PCF such as moderate effective mode area of 115.85 μ m 2 , chromatic dispersion, confinement loss of 10 − 6 dB/m, the nonlinear coefficient of 543W − 1 Km − 1 , splicing loss of 2.013 dB, and numerical aperture are numerically analyzed. This single-mode PCF also shows the low bending loss for the bending radius of 7 mm. The amended PCF structure is found to be suitable for high-power fiber laser, supercontinuum generation, wavelength conversion, and slow-light generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An AlGaAs based standard photonic crystal fiber structure is reported for low dispersive nonlinear optics applications. By employing a finite element solver with perfectly matched layer boundary condition, the key propagation characteristics are investigated over a broad wavelength span (1–5 μm) by taking the different air filling fraction values. The proposed work provides an effective fundamental mode area of 7.30 μm2 with nonlinearity in the order of 8.325 W−1m−1 at a low absorption wavelength of 1.55 μm and zero-dispersion wavelength close to 3 μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based single-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) biosensor is investigated with external gold coating. All the geometrical parameters such as a gold layer, an analyte layer, a lattice period and cladding air holes are optimized to enhance the sensing ability of the sensor by introducing the finite element method. The designed sensor is able to achieve the highest amplitude sensitivity (AS) of 2258.95 RIU − 1 with an acceptable refractive index sensitivity (RIS) of 6000 nm/RIU over the analyte refractive index (ARI) span of 1.31–1.40. This sensor can detect a slight index alteration in the sensing medium using a resolution of 1. 6 6 × 1 0 − 5 and a high figure of merit (FOM) of 79.01. With the enhanced modal behavior with simple geometry, the resulting sensor can be suitable for real-time monitoring in biological, biochemical and bio-imaging applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, supercontinuum generation dynamics in a highly nonlinear Al0.24Ga0.76As based photonic crystal fiber has been presented. The simulated geometry exhibits a low order of dispersion 4.21 ps/nm.km with a high nonlinear coefficient 2.35 W−1 m−1at a pumped wavelength of 3.25 µm. The analyzed results of the proposed fiber structure make it promising to generate the broad supercontinuum spectrum expanding from 1.75 µm to 7.75 µm stimulated at a peak power of 2.5 kW with 50 fs pulse duration. Effects of higher order dispersion coefficients, peak power and pulse duration on spectrum broadening have been computed and analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]