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The complex formed between 1,3-diamino-2-hydroxypropane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid and [Nd.sup.3+] at pH 7.5 is found to be a dinuclear dimer in the solid state, in which the alcoholic OH groups are deprotonated, and the alkoxo oxygens are coordinated to both [Nd.sup.3+] in a bridging position. Results of NMR studies of the [La.sup.3+] complex, the number and multiplicity of signals, and values of coupling constants are in agreement with the dinuclear dimer structure of the complex in solution.

Distillationis an important and widely applied separation method.One of its major application areas is crude oil refining. We investigateand compare two different refinery technologies: (i) conventional,atmospheric and vacuum, AV-plant, and (ii) an alternative one, theso-called progressive distillation technology. For the sake of thecomparison, simulation models of the two different distillation technologiesare built in professional flowsheeting software environment. The investigationincludes the study of crude oil fractionation on the examples of processingdifferent types of crude oils. Both technologies are also evaluatedwith the tools of pinch technology. On the basis of the results ofthe pinch analysis, heat exchanger networks are also designed. Theoperating and capital costs are estimated for the energy integratedcases designed on the results of pinch technology. A comparison ofthe results shows that the progressive distillation plant proves tobe both more energy efficient and economical than the currently appliedatmospheric and vacuum distillation plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neuoroendocrine cancer of the bladder is a rare tumor, and from this entity the well-differentiated tumors with favorable prognosis, the paraganglioma with unfavorable prognosis, small and large cell types of tumors should be emphasized. From the methods of the anticancer therapies operation can be eligible by itself in the first group but in the second group should form only the part of the multimodal treatment. Radiotherapy plays a role only in the treatment of the small and large cell tumors and during the treatment of these tumors the administration of the cytostatic drugs is also essential (mainly platina derivates). Somatostatin analogs, immune checkpoint inhibitors could be beneficial in special cases and some tumor agnostic treatment can be useful as well. Moreover, the palliative treatment should represent an important modality even in the early treatment period but it should also be provided when no other treatment options are left.

Recognition of the commonly encountered colorectal cancer (CRC) generally begins and takes place because of and based on symptoms and signs, due to the unsettled screening of this type of cancer. Sometimes, because of advanced stage cancer urgent surgical intervention could become necessary and, if this is the case, there is no time and possibility for searching for an eventual second tumor and perhaps the patient's status does not permit performing intraoperative investigations either. The incidence of multiple colon cancer is considered to be between 2.5 and 30% according to the literature. That is why one should exclude them even in the absence of pre- and intraoperative investigations and complaints. On the other hand, colonoscopy and perhaps irrigoscopy of seemingly healthy followed-up patients is mandatory. In the case of the presence of complaints/symptoms denoting impaired intestinal passage seen in a followed-up patient or during the adjuvant setting or metastatic/recurrent disease, treatment and even during hospice care we should evaluate the possibility of a second metachronous tumor. Moreover, if there is no urgency, the multidisciplinary team (oncoteam) should recommend the adequate treatment by balancing gain/utility and risk.

The risk of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) in cancer patients is higher than in the general population. Treatment may also increase this risk in these patients. Based on the appropriate criteria (of which the most important are the current ministerial guidelines) thrombosis prophylaxis should be started (given that there is no contraindication) on these patients and be continued while they are at risk. In the event of permanent risk thrombosis prophylaxis should be given lifelong. The drug of choice is low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) which is safer and more effective than the oral vitamin K antagonists. Platelet aggregation inhibitors have proved unsuccessful in this patient group. The evidence so far suggests that LMWH (during VTE prophylaxis) can have a positive impact on the course of cancer and perhaps it will be registered under the indication section for cancer patients in the future.