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Over the last decades, quantum optics has evolved from high quality factor cavities in the early experiments toward new cavity designs involving leaky modes. Despite very reliable models, in the concepts of cavity quantum electrodynamics, photon leakage is most of the time treated phenomenologically. Here, we take a different approach, and starting from first principles, we define an inside-outside representation which is derived from the original true-mode representation, in which one can determine effective Hamiltonian and Poynting vector. Contrary to the phenomenological model, they allow a full description of a leaking single photon produced in the cavity and propagating in free space. This is applied for a laser-driven atom-cavity system. In addition, we propose an atom-cavity non-resonant scheme for single photon generation, and we rigorously analyze the outgoing single photon in time and frequency domains for different coupling regimes. Finally, we introduce a particular coupling regime ensuring adiabatic elimination for which the pulse shape of the outgoing single photon is tailored using a specifically designed driving field envelope.

Electro-optical control of on-chip photonic devices is an essential tool for efficient integrated photonics. Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) is an emerging platform for on-chip photonics due to its large electro-optic coefficient and high nonlinearity [1]. Integrating quantum emitters into LNOI would extend their versatile use in classic photonics to quantum computing and communication [2, 3]. Here, we incorporate single rare-earth ions (REI) quantum emitters in electro-optical tunable lithium niobite (LN) thin films and demonstrate control of LN microcavities coupled to REI over a frequency range of 160 GHz with 5 \mus switching speed. Dynamical control of the cavities enables the modulation of the Purcell enhancement of the REIs with short time constants. Using the Purcell enhancement, we show evidence of detecting single Yb3+ ions in LN cavities. Coupling quantum emitters in fast tunable photonic devices is an efficient method to shape the waveform of the emitter [4]. It also offers a platform to encode quantum information in the integration of a spectral-temporal-spatial domain to achieve high levels of channel multiplexing, as well as an approach to generate deterministic single-photon sources [5, 6].

We examine the conditions needed to accomplish stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) when the three levels (g, e and f) are degenerate, with arbitrary couplings contributing to the pump-pulse interaction (g - e) and to the Stokes-pulse interaction (e-f). We show that in general a sufficient condition for complete population removal from the g set of degenerate states for arbitrary, pure or mixed, initial state is that the degeneracies should not decrease along the sequence g, e and f. We show that when this condition holds it is possible to achieve the degenerate counterpart of conventional STIRAP, whereby adiabatic passage produces complete population transfer. Indeed, the system is equivalent to a set of independent three-state systems, in each of which a STIRAP procedure can be implemented. We describe a scheme of unitary transformations that produces this result. We also examine the cases when this degeneracy constraint does not hold, and show what can be accomplished in those cases. For example, for angular momentum states when the degeneracy of the g and f levels is less than that of the e level we show how a special choice for the pulse polarizations and phases can produce complete removal of population from the g set. Our scheme can be a powerful tool for coherent control in degenerate systems, because of its robustness when selective addressing of the states is not required or impossible. We illustrate the analysis with several analytically solvable examples, in which the degeneracies originate from angular momentum orientation, as expressed by magnetic sublevels., Comment: 21 pages, 17 figures

A method is proposed for preparing any pure and a wide class of mixed quantum states in the decoherence-free ground-state subspace of a degenerate multilevel lambda system. The scheme is a combination of optical pumping and a series of coherent excitation processes, and for a given pulse sequence the same final state is obtained regardless of the initial state of the system. The method is robust with respect to the fluctuation of the pulse areas, like in adiabatic methods, however, the field amplitude can be adjusted in a larger range., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures