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Takafumi Saito,1 Xin Liu,2 Harukaze Yatsugi,3 Tianshu Chu,2 Tsubasa Yokote,2 Hiro Kishimoto2,3 1Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Physical Therapy, Reiwa Health Sciences University, Fukuoka, Japan; 2Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; 3Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, JapanCorrespondence: Hiro Kishimoto, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, IC15, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan, Tel +81-92-802-6071, Email kishimoto@artsci.kyushu-u.ac.jpPurpose: Chronic pain may accelerate the development of frailty in older adults through a variety of mechanisms. There are no published investigations of the influence of neuropathic-like symptoms on physical frailty. We investigated the association between chronic pain types (nociceptive and neuropathic-like symptoms) and frailty in community-dwelling Japanese older adults.Participants and Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in 2017 in the city of Itoshima, Japan of 917 participants aged 65– 75 years, not in need of long-term care, who had completed the physical function tests and questionnaires administered at measurement sessions held at community centers at three sites over a 1- to 2-month period. Their chronic pain types were classified as no-chronic pain, nociceptive pain, and neuropathic-like symptoms according to their painDETECT scores. Frailty phenotypes were defined by the following five components: unintentional weight loss, low grip strength, exhaustion, slow gait speed, and low physical activity. A logistic regression model was used to compute the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) for frailty status outcomes.Results: The prevalence of pre-frailty was 51.9%, and that of frailty was 5.1%. In multinomial logistic regression analyses, compared to the no-chronic pain group, the OR for the presence of pre-frailty among the participants with nociceptive pain was 1.54 (95% CI: 1.04– 2.30, p=0.03), and the OR for the presence of frailty among the participants with neuropathic-like symptoms was 4.37 (95% CI: 1.10– 17.37, p=0.04). The neuropathic sensory symptoms of burning, tingling/prickling, and numbness were each associated with frailty, but not with the risk of pre-frailty.Conclusion: Neuropathic-like symptoms were significantly associated with the presence of frailty in community-dwelling Japanese older adults. Chronic pain types might have different effects on frailty status.Keywords: nociceptive pain, neuropathic pain, nociceptive pain, chronic pain, frailty, community-dwelling

Precise fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) for pancreatic cancer has the potential to greatly improve the outcome in this recalcitrant disease. To achieve this goal, we have used genetic reporters to color code cancer and stroma cells in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. The telomerase-dependent green fluorescent protein (GFP)-containing adenovirus OBP-401 was used to label the cancer cells of a pancreatic cancer PDOX. The PDOX was previously grown in a red fluorescent protein (RFP) transgenic mouse that stably labeled the PDOX stroma cells bright red. The color-coded PDOX model enabled FGS to completely resect the pancreatic tumors including stroma. Dual-colored FGS significantly prevented local recurrence, which bright-light surgery or single-color FGS could not. FGS, with color-coded cancer and stroma cells has important potential for improving the outcome of recalcitrant-cancer surgery.

Generalized Ellingham diagram for the P-O-H and the Ni-P-OH systems have been constructed to investigate thermodynamically the chemical stability of nickel anode against the gaseous impurities containing phosphorous compounds. In the same way as the original Ellingham diagram, the oxygen potential is used as the vertical axis, while the temperature is adopted as horizontal axis. For the P-O-H system which contains many gaseous species, the dominant areas of gaseous species are displayed with a parameter of their partial pressure in an analogous way to the aqueous species in the Pourbaix diagram. The multicomponent Ellingham diagram for the Ni-P-O-H system was constructed in a similar manner to the multicomponent Pourbaix diagram. The obtained diagrams have been discussed to examine the reactivity of nickel anodes with phosphorus compounds in SOFCs in terms of operational variables such as temperature, oxygen potential, overpotential under the anode polarization and so on.