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We present measurements of differential cross sections and analyzing powers for the elastic 2H(~d; d)d scattering process. The data were obtained using a 130 MeV polarized deuteron beam. Cross sections and spin observables of the elastic scattering process were measured at the AGOR facility at KVI using two independent setups, namely BINA and BBS. The data harvest at setups are in excellent agreement with each other and allowed us to carry out a thorough systematic analysis to provide the most accurate data in elastic deuteron-deuteron scattering at intermediate energies. The results can be used to confront upcoming state-of-the-art calculations in the four-nucleon scattering domain, and will, thereby, provide further insights in the dynamics of three- and four-nucleon forces in few-nucleon systems., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures

A selection of measured cross sections and vector analyzing powers, Ax and Ay, are presented for the pd break-up reaction. The data are taken with a polarized proton beam energy of 135 MeV using the Big Instrument for Nuclear-polarization Analysis (BINA) at KVI, the Netherlands. With this setup, Ax is extracted for the first time for a large range of energies as well as polar and azimuthal angles of the two outgoing protons. For most of the configurations, the results at small and large relative azimuthal angles differ in behavior when comparing experimental data with the theoretical calculations. We also performed a more global comparison of our data with theoretical calculations using a chi-square ($\chi^2$) analysis. The cross-section results show huge values of $\chi^2$/d.o.f.. The absolute values of $\chi^2$/d.o.f. for the components of vector analyzing powers, Ax and Ay, are smaller than the ones for the cross section, partly due to larger uncertainties for these observables. However, also for these observables no satisfactory agreement is found for all angular combinations. This implies that the present models of a three-nucleon force are not able to provide a satisfactory description of experimental data.

A measurement of the analyzing powers for the $^2$H$(\vec{p},pp)n$ break-up reaction was carried out at KVI exploiting a polarized-proton beam at an energy of 135 MeV. The scattering angles and energies of the final-state protons were measured using the Big Instrument for Nuclear-polarization Analysis (BINA) with a nearly $4\pi$ geometrical acceptance. In this work, we analyzed a large number of kinematical geometries including forward-forward configurations in which both the final-state particles scatter to small polar angles and backward-forward configurations in which one of the final-state particles scatters to large polar angles. The results are compared with Faddeev calculations based on modern nucleon-nucleon (NN) and three-nucleon (3N) potentials. Discrepancies between polarization data and theoretical predictions are observed for configurations corresponding to small relative azimuthal angles between the two final-state protons. These configurations show a large sensitivity to 3N force effects., Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures

Detailed measurements of five-fold differential cross sections and a rich set of vector and tensor analyzing powers of the 2H(d; dp)n break-up process using polarized deuteron-beam energy of 65 MeV/nucleon with a liquid-deuterium target are presented. The experiment was conducted at the AGOR facility at KVI using the BINA 4Pi-detection system. We discuss the analysis procedure including a thorough study of the systematic uncertainties. The results can be used to examine upcoming state-of-the-art calculations in the four-nucleon scattering domain, and will, thereby, provide further insights into the dynamics of three- and four-nucleon forces in few-nucleon systems. The results of coplanar configurations are compared with the results of recent theoretical calculations based on the Single-Scattering Approximation (SSA). Through these comparisons, the validity of SSA approximation is investigated in the Quasi-Free (QF) region., Comment: 33 pages, 30 figures

Differential cross sections for deuteron breakup $^{1}H(d, pp)n$ reaction were measured for a large set of 243 geometrical configurations at the beam energy of 80 MeV/nucleon. The cross section data are normalized by the luminosity factor obtained on the basis of simultaneous measurement of elastic scattering channel and the existing cross section data for this process. The results are compared to the theoretical calculations modeling nuclear interaction with and without taking into account the three-nucleon force (3NF) and Coulomb interaction. In the validated region of the phase space both the Coulomb force and 3NF play an important role in a good description of the data. There are also regions, where the improvements of description due to including 3NF are not sufficient.

Understanding of the exact nature of three-nucleon forces is the most challenging topic in the field of nuclear physics. Three-nucleon break-up reaction is a good tool to look into the underlying dynamics of the nuclear force, thanks to its rich kinematical phase space which has different levels of sensitivity to three-nucleon force effects. The recent studies on few-nucleon systems have revealed that the current nuclear force models cannot describe nucleon-deuteron scattering data accurately. In the present work, the analyzing powers of the proton-deuteron break-up reaction obtained using a 190 MeV polarized proton beam will be discussed. We present for the first time the vector analyzing powers for the kinematics in which one of the protons scatters to intermediate and large scattering angles at this energy. The results show a fairly good agreement with various theoretical predictions for both intermediate and large scattering angles of the break-up phase space., Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, The paper revised for the comments from the journal referees. Also, the author list has been modified

Vector analyzing powers, $A_x$ and $A_y$, of the proton-deuteron break-up reaction have been measured by using a polarized-proton beam at 135 MeV impinging on a liquid-deuterium target. For the experiment, the Big Instrument for Nuclear-polarization Analysis (BINA) was used at KVI, Groningen, the Netherlands. The data are compared to the predictions of Faddeev calculations using state-of-the-art two- and three-nucleon potentials. Our data are reasonably well described by calculations for the kinematical configurations at which the three-nucleon force (3NF) effect is predicted to be small. However, striking discrepancies are observed at specific configurations, in particular in the cases of symmetric configurations, where the relative azimuthal angle between the two protons is small which corresponds to the $d(p,{\rm{^{2}He}})n$ channel. The vector analyzing powers of these configurations are compared to the proton deuteron elastic scattering to study the spin-isospin sensitivity of the 3NF models. The results are compared to the earlier results of the proton-deuteron break-up reaction at 190 MeV proton-beam energy \cite{Mardanpour2010}. A disagreement is observed for both proton-beam energies between data and calculations which points to a deficiency in the treatment of spin-isospin part of the 3NF., Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, submitted to EPJA

Precision measurements of vector and tensor analyzing powers of the $^{2}{\rm H}(\vec d,dp){n}$ break-up process for configurations in the vicinity of the quasi-free scattering regime with the neutron as spectator, are presented. These measurements are performed with a polarized deuteron-beam with an energy of 65 MeV/nucleon impinging on a liquid-deuterium target. The experiment was conducted at the AGOR facility at KVI using the BINA 4$\pi$-detection system. Events for which the final-state deuteron and proton are coplanar have been analyzed and the data have been sorted for various momenta of the missing neutron. In the limit of vanishing neutron momentum and at large deuteron-proton momentum transfer, the data agree well with the measured and theoretically predicted spin observables of the elastic deuteron-proton scattering process. The agreement deteriorates rapidly with increasing neutron momentum and/or decreasing momentum transfer from the deuteron beam to the outgoing proton. This study reveals the presence of a significant contribution of final-state interactions even at very small neutron momenta., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted by EPJA

A set of differential cross section of the three-body $^{2}$H($d$,$dp$)$n$ breakup reaction at 160 MeV deuteron beam energy are presented for 147 kinematically complete configurations near the quasi-free scattering kinematics. The experiment was performed at KVI in Groningen, the Netherlands using the BINA detector. The cross-section data have been normalized to the $^{2}$H($d$,$d$)$^{2}$H elastic scattering cross section. The data are compared to the recent single-scattering approximation (SSA) calculations for three-cluster breakup in deuteron-deuteron collisions. Confronting the SSA predictions with the experimental data shows that SSA provides the correct order of magnitude of the cross-section data. The studied energy is probably too low to meet the SSA assumptions which prevents better accuracy of the description.

Differential cross sections of $^{2}$H(d, d)d elastic scattering and proton transfer $^{2}$H(d, $^{3}$He)n reactions at 160 MeV beam energy have been obtained. They have been normalized relative to the existing cross-section data for the $^{2}$H(d, d)d elastic scattering at 180 and 130 MeV, benefiting from the negligible energy dependence of this observable at certain range of the four momentum transfer. The experiment was performed at KVI in Groningen, the Netherlands using the BINA detector. The elastic scattering data are compared to theoretical predictions based on the lowest-order term in the Neumann series expansion for four-nucleon transition operators. The calculations underpredict the data. The data presented in this paper can be used to validate the future theoretical findings.

The experiment was carried out using BINA detector at KVI in Groningen. For the first time an extensive data analysis of the data collected in back part of the detector is presented, where a clusterization method is utilized for angular and energy information. We also present differential cross-sections for the (dd$\rightarrow$dpn) breakup reaction within \textit{dp} quasi-free scattering limit and their comparison with first calculations based on Single Scattering Approximation (SSA) approach., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, presented at Jagiellonian Symposium 2015 in Krakow, PhD work

This document illustrates the technical layout and the expected performance of the Micro Vertex Detector (MVD) of the PANDA experiment. The MVD will detect charged particles as close as possible to the interaction zone. Design criteria and the optimisation process as well as the technical solutions chosen are discussed and the results of this process are subjected to extensive Monte Carlo physics studies. The route towards realisation of the detector is outlined., Comment: 189 pages, 225 figures, 41 tables

The final analysis of the experiment determining both components of the transverse polarization of electrons ($\sigma_{T_{1}}$, $\sigma_{T_{2}}$) emitted in the $\beta$-decay of polarized, free neutrons is presented. The T-odd, P-odd correlation coefficient quantifying $\sigma_{T_{2}}$, perpendicular to the neutron polarization and electron momentum, was found to be $R=$ 0.004$\pm0.012\pm$0.005. This value is consistent with time reversal invariance, and significantly improves both earlier result and limits on the relative strength of imaginary scalar couplings in the weak interaction. The value obtained for the correlation coefficient associated with $\sigma_{T_{1}}$, $N=$ 0.067$\pm0.011\pm$0.004, agrees with the Standard Model expectation, providing an important sensitivity test of the experimental setup. The present result sets constraints on the imaginary part of scalar and tensor couplings in weak interaction. Implications for parameters of the leptoquark exchange model and minimal supersymmetric model (MSSM) with R-parity violation are discussed.

The energy and angular dependencies of double differential cross sections d^2sigma/dOmegadE were measured for p,d,t,^{3,4,6}He,^{6,7,8}Li,{7,9,10}Be, and ^{10,11,12}B produced in collisions of 1.2, 1.9, and 2.5 GeV protons with an Al target. The spectra and angular distributions of Li, Be, and B isotopes indicate a presence of two contributions: an isotropic, low energy one which is attributed to the evaporation of particles from excited remnants of the intranuclear cascade, and an anisotropic part which is interpreted to be due to multifragmentation of the remnants. It was found that such a hypothesis leads to very good description of spectra and angular distributions of all intermediate mass fragments (^6He-^{12}B) using the critical value of the excitation energy per nucleon as a single parameter, varying slowly with the beam energy., Comment: 7 figures

In an experiment with a 65 MeV/nucleon polarized deuteron beam on a liquid-deuterium target at KVI, several multi-body final states in deuteron-deuteron scattering were identified. For these measurements, a unique and advanced detection system, called BINA, was utilized. We demonstrate the feasibility of measuring vector and tensor polarization observables of the deuteron break-up reaction leading to a three-body final-state. The polarization observables were determined with high precision in a nearly background-free experiment. The analysis procedure and some results are presented., Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C

High-precision measurements of the scattering observables such as cross sections and analyzing powers for the proton-deuteron elastic and break-up reactions have been performed at KVI in the last two decades and elsewhere to investigate various aspects of the three-nucleon force (3NF) effects simultaneously. In 2006 an experiment was performed to study these effects in $\vec{p}+d$ break-up reaction at 135 MeV with the detection system, Big Instrument for Nuclear polarization Analysis, BINA. BINA covers almost the entire kinematical phase space of the break-up reaction. The results are interpreted with the help of state-of-the-art Faddeev calculations and are partly presented in this contribution., Comment: Proceedings of 19th International IUPAP Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Bonn University, 31.08 - 05.09.2009, Bonn, GERMANY

We successfully identified a few final states in deuteron-deuteron scattering at 65 MeV/nucleon at KVI using a unique and advanced detection system called BINA. This facility enabled us to perform cross sections and polarization measurements with an excellent statistical and systematical precision. The analysis procedure and part of the results of the three-body break-up channel in deuteron-deuteron scattering at 65 MeV/nucleon are presented in this paper., Comment: proceedings of the 19th International IUPAP Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Bonn University, 31.08 - 05.09.2009, Bonn, GERMANY

The total production cross sections of light charged particles (LCPs), intermediate mass fragments (IMFs) and heavy reaction products of p+Ni collisions available in the literature have been compared with predictions of a two-step model in the proton beam energy range from reaction threshold up to approximately 3 GeV. Model cross sections were calculated assuming, that the reaction proceeds via an intranuclear cascade of nucleon-nucleon collisions followed by evaporation of particles from an equilibrated, heavy target residuum. The shape of the excitation functions was well described by model calculations for all reaction products. The magnitude of the cross sections was reasonably well reproduced for heavy reaction products, i.e. for nuclei heavier than Al, but the cross sections for lighter products were systematically underestimated. This fact was used as an argument in favor of a significant break-up contribution to the reaction mechanism. The present conclusions are supported by recently published results of investigations of differential cross sections in p+Ni collisions, which showed that hypothesis of the break-up of target nucleus is indispensable for a good reproduction of d2 sigma/dOmega dE for LCPs and IMFs., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

The energy and angular dependence of double differential cross sections dsigma/dOmega dE were measured for p, d, t, 3,4He, 6,7Li, 7,9Be, and 10,11B produced in collisions of 0.175 GeV protons with Ni target. The analysis of measured dfferential cross sections allowed to extract total production cross sections for ejectiles listed above. The shape of the spectra and angular distributions indicate the presence of other nonequilibrium processes besides the emission of nucleons from the intranuclear cascade, and besides the evaporation of various particles from remnants of intranuclear cascade. These nonequilibrium processes consist of coalescence of nucleons into light charged particles during the intranuclear cascade, of the fireball emission which contributes to the cross sections of protons and deuterons, and of the break-up of the target nucleus which leads to the emission of intermediate mass fragments. All such processes were found earlier at beam energies 1.2, 1.9, and 2.5 GeV for Ni as well as for Au targets, however, significant differences in properties of these processes at high and low beam energy are observed in the present study., Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures

The energy and angular dependence of double differential cross sections d2sigma/dOmega dE were measured for p, d, t, 3,4,6He, 6,7,8Li, 7,9,10Be, 10,11B, and C produced in collisions of 1.2, 1.9, and 2.5 GeV protons with a Ni target. The shape of the spectra and angular distributions does almost not change whereas the absolute value of the cross sections increases by a factor about 1.7 for all ejectiles in this beam energy range. It was found that energy and angular dependencies of the cross sections cannot be reproduced by the microscopic model of intranuclear cascade with coalescence of nucleons and the statistical model for evaporation of particles from excited, equilibrated residual nuclei. The inclusion of nonequilibrium processes, described by a phenomenological model of the emission from fast and hot moving sources, resulting from break-up of the target nucleus by impinging proton, leads to very good reproduction of data. Cross sections of these processes are quite large, exhausting approximately half of the total production cross sections. Due to good reproduction of energy and angular dependencies of d2sigma/dOmega dE by model calculation it was possible to determine total production cross sections for all studied ejectiles. Results obtained in this work point to the analogous reaction mechanism for proton induced reactions on Ni target as that observed previously for Au target in the same beam energy range., Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures

Precision data are presented for the break-up reaction, $^2{\rm H}(\vec p,pp)n$, within the framework of nuclear-force studies. The experiment was carried out at KVI using a polarized-proton beam of 190 MeV impinging on a liquid-deuterium target and by exploiting the detector, BINA. Some of the vector-analyzing powers are presented and compared with state-of-the-art Faddeev calculations including three-nucleon forces effect. Significant discrepancies between the data and theoretical predictions were observed for kinematical configurations which correspond to the $^2{\rm H}(\vec p,^2$He$)n$ channel. These results are compared to the $^2{\rm H}(\vec p,d)p$ reaction to test the isospin sensitivity of the present three-nucleon force models. The current modeling of two and three-nucleon forces is not sufficient to describe consistently polarization data for both isospin states., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PRL

This document is the Technical Design Report covering the two large spectrometer magnets of the PANDA detector set-up. It shows the conceptual design of the magnets and their anticipated performance. It precedes the tender and procurement of the magnets and, hence, is subject to possible modifications arising during this process., Comment: 10 pages, 14MB, accepted by FAIR STI in May 2009, editors: Inti Lehmann (chair), Andrea Bersani, Yuri Lobanov, Jost Luehning, Jerzy Smyrski, Technical Coordiantor: Lars Schmitt, Bernd Lewandowski (deputy), Spokespersons: Ulrich Wiedner, Paola Gianotti (deputy)

To study fundamental questions of hadron and nuclear physics in interactions of antiprotons with nucleons and nuclei, the universal PANDA detector will be built. Gluonic excitations, the physics of strange and charm quarks and nucleon structure studies will be performed with unprecedented accuracy thereby allowing high-precision tests of the strong interaction. The proposed PANDA detector is a state-of-the art internal target detector at the HESR at FAIR allowing the detection and identification of neutral and charged particles generated within the relevant angular and energy range. This report presents a summary of the physics accessible at PANDA and what performance can be expected., Comment: 216 pages

Both components of the transverse polarization of electrons emitted in the beta-decay of polarized, free neutrons have been measured. The T-odd, P-odd correlation coefficient quantifying the component perpendicular to the decay plane defined by neutron polarization and electron momentum, was found to be R=0.008 +/- 0.015 +/-0.005. This value is consistent with time reversal invariance, and significantly improves limits on the relative strength of imaginary scalar couplings in the weak interaction. The value obtained for the correlation coefficient associated with the electron polarization component contained within the decay plane N=0.056 +/- 0.011 +/- 0.005, agrees with the Standard Model expectation, providing an important sensitivity test of the experimental setup., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures

This document presents the technical layout and the envisaged performance of the Electromagnetic Calorimeter (EMC) for the PANDA target spectrometer. The EMC has been designed to meet the physics goals of the PANDA experiment, which is being developed for the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at Darmstadt, Germany. The performance figures are based on extensive prototype tests and radiation hardness studies. The document shows that the EMC is ready for construction up to the front-end electronics interface., Comment: 199 pages, submitted to FAIR STI on July 1st 2008, Editors: Fritz-Herbert Heinsius, Bertram Kopf, Bernd Lewandowski (Deputy Technical Coordinator), Herbert L\"ohner, Rainer Novotny (Project Coordinator), Klaus Peters, Philippe Rosier, Lars Schmitt (Technical Coordinator), Alexander Vasiliev; Spokespersons: Ulrich Wiedner, Paola Gianotti (deputy)

A new measurement of the neutron EDM, using Ramsey's method of separated oscillatory fields, is in preparation at the new high intensity source of ultra-cold neutrons (UCN) at the Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland (PSI). The existence of a non-zero nEDM would violate both parity and time reversal symmetry and, given the CPT theorem, might lead to a discovery of new CP violating mechanisms. Already the current upper limit for the nEDM (|d_n|<2.9E-26 e.cm) constrains some extensions of the Standard Model. The new experiment aims at a two orders of magnitude reduction of the experimental uncertainty, to be achieved mainly by (1) the higher UCN flux provided by the new PSI source, (2) better magnetic field control with improved magnetometry and (3) a double chamber configuration with opposite electric field directions. The first stage of the experiment will use an upgrade of the RAL/Sussex/ILL group's apparatus (which has produced the current best result) moved from Institut Laue-Langevin to PSI. The final accuracy will be achieved in a further step with a new spectrometer, presently in the design phase., Comment: Flavor Physics & CP Violation Conference, Taipei, 2008

Observables in elastic proton-deuteron scattering are sensitive probes of the nucleon-nucleon interaction and three-nucleon force effects. The present experimental data base for this reaction is large, but contains a large discrepancy between data sets for the differential cross section taken at 135 MeV/nucleon by two experimental research groups. This paper reviews the background of this problem and presents new data taken at KVI. Differential cross sections and analyzing powers for the $^{2}{\rm H}(\vec p,d){p}$ and ${\rm H}(\vec d,d){p}$ reactions at 135 MeV/nucleon and 65 MeV/nucleon, respectively, have been measured. The data differ significantly from previous measurements and consistently follow the energy dependence as expected from an interpolation of published data taken over a large range at intermediate energies., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PRC

The energy and angular dependence of double differential cross sections was measured for p,d,t,He,Li,Be, and B isotopes produced in collisions of 1.2 and 1.9 GeV protons with Au target. The shape of the spectra and angular distributions almost does not change in the beam energy range from 1.2 to 2.5 GeV, however, the absolute value of the cross sections increases for all ejectiles. A phenomenological model of two emitting, moving sources reproduces very well spectra and angular distributions of intermediate mass fragments. Double differential cross sections for light charged particles (LCP) were analyzed in the frame of the microscopic model of intranuclear cascade (INC) with coalescence of nucleons and statistical model for evaporation of particles from excited residual nuclei. Energy and angular dependencies of data agree satisfactorily neither with predictions of microscopic intranuclear cascade calculations for protons, nor with coalescence calculations for other LCP. Phenomenological inclusion of another reaction mechanism - emission of LCP from a "fireball", i.e., fast and hot moving source - combined with the microscopic model calculations of INC, coalescence and evaporation of particles leads to very good description of the data. It was found that nonequilibrium processes are very important for production of LCP. They exhaust 40-80% of the total cross sections - depending on the emitted particles. Coalescence and "fireball" emission give comparable contributions to the cross sections with exception of 3He data where coalescence clearly dominates. The ratio of sum of all nonequilibrium processes to those proceeding through stage of statistical equilibrium does almost not change in the beam energy range from 1.2 GeV to 2.5 GeV for all light charged particles., Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, IV tables, \pacs{25.40.-h,25.40.Sc,25.40.Ve}

Energy and angular dependence of double differential cross sections d$^2\sigma$/d$\Omega$dE was measured for reactions induced by 2.5 GeV protons on Au target with isotopic identification of light products (H, He, Li, Be, and B) and with elemental identification of heavier intermediate mass fragments (C, N, O, F, Ne, Na, Mg, and Al). It was found that two different reaction mechanisms give comparable contributions to the cross sections. The intranuclear cascade of nucleon-nucleon collisions followed by evaporation from an equilibrated residuum describes low energy part of the energy distributions whereas another reaction mechanism is responsible for high energy part of the spectra of composite particles. Phenomenological model description of the differential cross sections by isotropic emission from two moving sources led to a very good description of all measured data. Values of the extracted parameters of the emitting sources are compatible with the hypothesis claiming that the high energy particles emerge from pre-equilibrium processes consisting in a breakup of the target into three groups of nucleons; small, fast and hot fireball of $\sim$ 8 nucleons, and two larger, excited prefragments, which emits the light charged particles and intermediate mass fragments. The smaller of them contains $\sim$ 20 nucleons and moves with velocity larger than the CM velocity of the proton projectile and the target. The heavier prefragment behaves similarly as the heavy residuum of the intranuclear cascade of nucleon-nucleon collisions. %The mass and charge dependence of the total production cross %sections was extracted from the above analysis for all observed %reaction products. This dependence follows the power low behavior %(A$^{-\tau}$ or Z$^{-\tau}$).

High precision cross-section data of the deuteron-proton breakup reaction at 130 MeV deuteron energy are compared with the theoretical predictions obtained with a coupled-channel extension of the CD Bonn potential with virtual Delta-isobar excitation, without and with inclusion of the long-range Coulomb force. The Coulomb effect is studied on the basis of the cross-section data set, extended in this work to about 1500 data points by including breakup geometries characterized by small polar angles of the two protons. The experimental data clearly prefer predictions obtained with the Coulomb interaction included. The strongest effects are observed in regions in which the relative energy of the two protons is the smallest., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Physics Letters B

High precision cross-section data of the deuteron-proton breakup reaction at 130 MeV are presented for 72 kinematically complete configurations. The data cover a large region of the available phase space, divided into a systematic grid of kinematical variables. They are compared with theoretical predictions, in which the full dynamics of the three-nucleon (3N) system is obtained in three different ways: realistic nucleon-nucleon (NN) potentials are combined with model 3N forces (3NF's) or with an effective 3NF resulting from explicit treatment of the Delta-isobar excitation. Alternatively, the chiral perturbation theory approach is used at the next-to-next-to-leading order with all relevant NN and 3N contributions taken into account. The generated dynamics is then applied to calculate cross-section values by rigorous solution of the 3N Faddeev equations. The comparison of the calculated cross sections with the experimental data shows a clear prefernce for the predictions in which the 3NF's are included. The majority of the experimental data points is well reproduced by the theoretical predictions. The remaining discrepancies are investigated by inspecting cross sections integrated over certain kinematical variables. The procedure of global comparisons leads to establishing regularities in disagreements between the experimental data and the theoretically predicted values of the cross sections. They indicate deficiencies still present in the assumed models of the 3N system dynamics., Comment: 27 pages, 18 figures, submitted to Physical Review C

The transverse polarization of electrons emitted in the beta-decay of polarized 8Li nuclei has been measured. For the time reversal violating triple correlation parameter we find R = (0.9 +- 2.2)x10^{-3}. This result is in agreement with the standard model and yields improved constraints on exotic tensor contributions to the weak interaction. It also provides a new limit on the mass of a possible scalar leptoquark, m_{LQ} > 560 GeV/c^2 (90% C.L.)., Comment: Submitted to Physical Review Letters, 4 pages, 3 figures, uses revtex4