Search

This paper discusses the potential implications of maritime digitisation and automation on seafarers’ careers. Maritime digitisation has been driven mainly by the industry that highlights a paradigm shift in ship management and operations (Tester et al., 2017). While the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) implies the modernisation of work in general, it is anticipated that Industry 4.0 will have an impact on seafarers’ employment on board contemporary ships (Schröder-Hinrichs et al., 2019). Such impact analyses on seafarers’ work are based on future scenarios of maritime industries, however previous analyses seem to overlook seafarers’ and their career trajectories as an important human resource to support the future maritime industries.In this context, based on an extensive literature review on careers in the global labour market as well as on Industry 4.0 and its impact on jobs, the paper discusses how current career models among seafarers may be affected and what alternatives for employment they might have after graduating from maritime education and training (MET) institutions. The paper presents preliminary remarks on career opportunities for seafarers and possible socio-economic implications on future maritime careers in the context of Industry 4.0. It concludes with a set of agendas to support individuals in this transition.

Inhalation burn injury (IBI) is a risk factor for mortality in burn patients. However, it is difficult to diagnose IBI using traditional physical examination alone, especially in prehospital settings. Therefore, facial burn patients are usually treated for suspected IBI. In the present study, we investigated whether fire site information could predict IBI as an alternative to traditional physical examination. This retrospective single-centre analysis involved 27 facial burn patients with suspected IBI who were admitted between 2014 and 2016. The patients were divided into two groups (IBI and non-IBI) according to bronchoscopy findings. Fire site information was compared between the two groups. The IBI (n = 13) and non-IBI (n = 14) groups were compared. Domestic fire was more frequent in the IBI group (69% vs. 29%, P = 0.035). The IBI group included one patient with carboxyhemoglobin ≥10% on admission. Prehospitalization fire site information, particularly domestic fires, might predict IBI in facial burn patients..L’inhalation de fumées (IF) est un facteur de mortalité chez les brûlés. Son diagnostic clinique est difficile, en particulier en préhospitalier, ce qui fait que les brûlés du visage sont souvent traités comme ayant subi une IF. Cette étude s’est penchée sur les données recueillies sur le site de l’incendie pouvant permettre, mieux que l’examen clinique, de poser le diagnostic d’IF. Cette étude monocentrique rétrospective a revu les dossiers de 27 patients avec brûlures faciales admis entre 2014 et 2016, divisés en 2 groupes (IF, 13 patients et non IF, 14 patients) selon les données endoscopiques. Les données de l’incendie ont ensuite été comparées entre ces 2 groupes. L’incendie était plus fréquemment survenu au domicile dans le groupe IF (65% VS 29%, p = 0,035). Un patient IF avait une HbCO10% à l’entrée. La survenue de la brûlure pendant un incendie au domicile pourrait être prédictive d’une IF.

We applied scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) as well as low-energy electron diffraction (LEED)to an analysis of the initial process of graphitization at 6H-SiC(000¯1) surfaces. After annealing a6H-SiC(000¯1) surface at 1200◦C, there appeared many domains with a single graphite layer in theSTM image. Each graphite domain was azimuthally disordered to each other. Many large and smalldomains with various periodicities were observed in the STM image taken after annealing the surfaceat temperatures higher than 1300◦C. This STM image can be explained as Moir´e patterns due todifferent combinations of two graphite layers. In a LEED pattern azimuthally-rotated graphite 1×1spots are observed together with the fundamental SiC(0001)1×1 spots, in consistent with the STMresult.

Larval dispersion and recruitment of vent and seep animals are important to maintain species composition including endemic fauna. Rearing studies need enormous amounts of time, however, they produce much biological data. The larval data of vent and seep animals in this study will be important data for identification and larval dispersion. Many species of deep-sea chemosynthetic animals were collected and kept on board ships and in aquaria at atmospheric pressure. Larvae of several species of deep-sea chemosynthetic animals have been observed in aquaria: squat lobster Shinkaia crosnieri and Munidopsis myojinsinsis, vent crab Gandalfus yunohana, vent shrimp Opaepele loihi, vestimentiferan tube worms Lamellibrachia satsuma, Lamellibrachia sp. and Alaysia spp, vent and cold seep mussels Bathymodiolus platifrons and B. septenderium and vent flat fish Symphurus thermophilus. Embryonic development of several vent animals tends to be accelerated in higher temperatures. Such species larvae or eggs rise up to upper water layers by buoyancy or positive swimming. They may then be transferred to other habitats by ocean currents. Those larvae have eyes and may be active predators in the mid water, which is rich in prey and has higher temperatures than bottom layers. On the other hand, larvae or eggs of tube worms and mussels may be trapped in the circulation of water around their habitats and thus these larvae can acquire symbionts easily.

Recently, there has been growing interest in the impact of beverage consumption on dental health because changes have occurred in the types and quantities of beverage consumed. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between consumption frequencies of various beverages and the prevalence of tooth loss among young adult women. Study subjects were 1002 pregnant Japanese women. Tooth loss was defined as previous extraction of one or more teeth. Dietary habits were evaluated by a validated dietary history questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals of tooth loss. Adjustment was made for age, gestation, parity, cigarette smoking, passive smoking at home and at work, family income, education, changes in diet in the previous one month, season when data were collected and body mass index. Of the 1002 subjects, 256 women had lost one or more teeth. Coffee consumption was independently associated with an increased prevalence of tooth loss. When subjects were divided according to consumption of coffee with or without sugar, an increased prevalence of tooth loss was found only in subjects who consumed coffee without addition of sugar. Compared with the lowest consumption of green tea, the intermediate but not the highest consumption of green tea was associated with an increased prevalence of tooth loss. There was no measurable association of intake of milk, black tea, cola, or 100% fruit juice with the prevalence of tooth loss. The findings suggest that coffee consumption might be associated with an increased prevalence of tooth loss among young adult women.