Numerous studies have explored the relationship between residential segregation and racial disparities in health. Some scholars have concluded that segregation is a fundamental cause of health disparities (Acevedo-Garcia 2000, 2001; Williams and Collins 2001; Morello-Frosch and Jesdale 2006). Prior research has found associations between residential segregation and infant mortality, adult mortality, poor health status, smoking during pregnancy, poor birth outcomes, TB and other infectious diseases, and exposure to cancer-causing air toxins (Yankauer 1950; LaVeist 1989, 1993, 2003; Polednak 1991, 1996a,b; Morello-Frosch and Jesdale 2006; Bell, Zimmerman, and Mayer 2007; Osypuk and Acevedo-Garcia 2008). The impacts of segregation are not limited to the United States, researchers have found that racial and economic segregation negatively affect health in South Africa, Rio De Janeiro, London, and Helsinki (Wyndham 1981; Christopher 1993; Szwarcwald et al. 2002; Myer, Ehrlich, and Susser 2004; Stafford et al. 2004). The association between residential segregation and health care resources is not well studied. We hypothesize that the impact of segregation on minority access to health care is similar to its negative impact on minority access to quality jobs, education, safety, and social networks (Smith 1999; Charles 2003). Morrison and colleagues found an association between segregation and the availability of pharmacy services to minority communities (Morrison et al. 2000). Nursing homes and hospitals serving minority communities were at greater risk of closure and reductions in services compared to those serving white communities (Gaskin 1997; Feng et al. 2011) and segregation resulted in the concentration of blacks in poor-performing nursing homes (Smith et al. 2007). Similarly, residential segregation is correlated with racial segregation of elderly minority black patients in relatively fewer hospitals resulting in black patients receiving lower quality care for some hospital services (Smith 1998; Jha, Orav, and Epstein 2007; Gaskin et al. 2011). Racial and ethnic disparities in primary care are well documented (U.S. Department of Health, Human Services, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 2008). In addition to socioeconomic factors, disparities in primary care may be due in part to geographic barriers to care (Shi 1999; Smedley, Stith, and Nelson 2003; Mayberry, Mili, and Ofili 2005; Gaskin et al. 2009). However, not much is known about the extent to which minorities face geographic barriers to care in comparison to whites. Disparities in health care may be caused by higher proportions of minorities living in “medical deserts,” that is, communities with limited health care resources. However, minorities may have better geographic access to care because they tend to live in the center cities near major teaching hospitals and federally qualified community health centers. Prior research has found that minorities relied more on community health centers, hospital outpatient departments and emergency rooms for their usual source of care in comparison to whites (Lillie-Blanton, Martinez, and Salganicoff 2001; Gaskin et al. 2007). These providers are more accessible to low-income minorities because they receive federal and state government subsidies to finance indigent care, whereas private physicians must absorb most of the cost of free or discounted services. Nationally, there is a shortage of primary care physicians (Bodenheimer 2006; Dill and Salsberg 2008). The proportion of physicians practicing primary care has steadily declined and interest among U.S. medical school graduates in entering primary care has dropped (Freed and Stockman 2009; Lakhan and Laird 2009). Lower reimbursement for primary care relative to specialty care is listed as a primary cause for this trend (Freed and Stockman 2009; Steinbrook 2009). To supply our current demand for primary care services, the United States is reliant on internationally trained physicians, especially minority communities (Dill and Salsberg 2008). Foreign-born and internationally trained physicians disproportionately serve minority and underserved communities. This study explores whether minorities differentially face geographic barriers to primary care physicians.