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The photoproduction of K0 and Λ on the deuteron was measured in order to investigate the γn → K0Λ reaction process near the threshold (Eγ = 0.8-1.1 GeV). K0 and Λ events were clearly seen in the π+π− and the pπ− invariant mass spectra, respectively. The momentum spectra of the γd → K0X and the γd → ΛX reactions were derived. Additionally, the energy dependence of the integral cross section for the Λ production was also obtained. The K0 momentum spectra were in agreement with the previous results within statistical errors. The angular distribution of the γn → K0Λ reaction in the center of mass system was extracted and it had the backward distribution. The total cross section of the γn → K0Λ reaction, which was estimated by subtracting the contribution of K+Λ process from the Λ production on the deuteron, was almost the same as that of the γp → K+Λ.

Double charged pion photoproductions from the deuteron have been studied at Research Center for Electron Photon Science (ELPH), Tohoku University. Tagged photon beams in an energy range of 0.67 ≤ E ≤ 1.08 GeV were impinged on the liquid deuteron target. Produced charged particles were observed with the Neutral Kaon Spectrometer2 (NKS2). The γ d → π π d process was clearly separated among the three charged tracks. We obtained the photon energy dependence of the normalized yields of this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elementary photo-strangeness production process has been intensively studied based on the high-quality data of the charged kaon channel, γ + p → K+ + Λ(Σ0). However, there had been no reliable data for the neutral kaon channel γ + n → K0 + Λ(Σ0) and the theoretical investigations suffer seriously from the lack of the data. In order to have reliable data for the neutral kaon photo-production data, substantial effort has been made to measure the γ + n → K0 + Λ process in the π+π- decay channel, using a liquid deuterium target and a tagged photon beam (Eγ = 0.8-1.1 GeV) in the threshold region at the Laboratory of Nuclear Science (LNS), Tohoku University. We have taken exploratory data quite successfully with the use of Neutral Kaon Spectrometer (NKS) at LNS-Tohoku in 2003 and 2004. The data is compared to theoretical models and it indicates a hint that the K0 differential cross section has a backward peak in the energy region. The second generation of the experiment, NKS2, is designed to extend the NKS experiment by considerably upgrading the original neutral kaon spectrometer, fully replacing the spectrometer magnet, tracking detectors and all the trigger counters. The new spectrometer NKS2 has significantly larger acceptance for neutral kaons compared with NKS, particularly covering forward angles and much better invariant mass resolution. The estimated acceptance of NKS2 is three (ten) times larger for $K_S^0 (\Lambda)$ than that of NKS. The spectrometer is newly constructed and installed at the Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Tohoku University in 2005. The deuterium target data was taken with tagged photon beam in 2006-2007. We will report recent results of NKS2 in this paper. Additionally, a status of the upgrade project that gives us larger acceptance and capability of K0 + Λ coincidence measurement will be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The total cross sections for the π+π− photoproduction on the deuteron were measured in an energy range of 0.8 to 1.1 GeV. The obtained total cross section for the quasi-free π+π− photoproduction on the deuteron was about 60 % of those on the free proton. The cross section for Δ++Δ− photoproduction was derived from the non-quasi-free π+π− photoproduction events. It was smaller than the previous data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stepwise oxygenation of Earth's surficial environment is thought to have shaped the evolutionary history of life. Microfossil records and molecular clocks suggest eukaryotes appeared during the Paleoproterozoic, perhaps shortly after the Great Oxidation Episode at ca. 2.43 Ga. The mildly oxygenated atmosphere and surface oceans likely contributed to the early evolution of eukaryotes. However, the principal trigger for the eukaryote appearance and a potential factor for their delayed expansion (i.e., intermediate ocean redox conditions until the Neoproterozoic) remain poorly understood, largely owing to a lack of constraints on marine and terrestrial nutrient cycling. Here, we analyzed redox-sensitive element contents and organic carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions of relatively low metamorphic-grade (greenschist facies) black shales preserved in the Flin Flon Belt of central Canada to examine open-marine redox conditions and biological activity around the ca. 1.9 Ga Flin Flon oceanic island arc. The black shale samples were collected from the Reed Lake area in the eastern part of the Flin Flon Belt, and the depositional site was likely distal from the Archean cratons. The black shales have low Al/Ti ratios and are slightly depleted in light rare-earth elements relative to the post-Archean average shale, which is consistent with a limited contribution from felsic igneous rocks in Archean upper continental crust. Redox conditions have likely varied between suboxic and euxinic at the depositional site of the studied section, as suggested by variable U/Al and Mo/Al ratios. Organic carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions of the black shales are approximately -23‰ and +13.7‰, respectively, and these values are systematically higher than those of broadly coeval continental margin deposits (approximately -30‰ for δ 13 C org and +5‰ for δ 15 N bulk ). These elevated values are indicative of high productivity that led to enhanced denitrification (i.e., a high denitrification rate relative to nitrogen influx at the depositional site). Similar geochemical patterns have also been observed in the modern Peruvian oxygen minimum zone where dissolved nitrogen compounds are actively lost from the reservoir via denitrification and anammox, but the large nitrate reservoir of the deep ocean prevents exhaustion of the surface nitrate pool. Nitrogen must have been widely bioavailable in the ca. 1.9 Ga oceans, and its supply to upwelling zones must have supported habitable environments for eukaryotes, even in the middle of oceans around island arcs., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Although repolarization has been suggested to propagate in cardiac tissue both theoretically and experimentally, it has been challenging to estimate how and to what extent the propagation of repolarization contributes to relaxation because repolarization only occurs in the course of membrane excitation in normal hearts. We established a mathematical model of a 1D strand of 600 myocytes stabilized at an equilibrium potential near the plateau potential level by introducing a sustained component of the late sodium current ( I ). By applying a hyperpolarizing stimulus to a small part of the strand, we succeeded in inducing repolarization which propagated along the strand at a velocity of 1~2 cm/s. The ionic mechanisms responsible for repolarization at the myocyte level, i.e., the deactivation of both the NaL ). By applying a hyperpolarizing stimulus to a small part of the strand, we succeeded in inducing repolarization which propagated along the strand at a velocity of 1~2 cm/s. The ionic mechanisms responsible for repolarization at the myocyte level, i.e., the deactivation of both the I NaL and the L-type calcium current ( I CaL ), and the activation of the rapid component of delayed rectifier potassium current ( I Kr ) and the inward rectifier potassium channel ( I K1 ), were found to be important for the propagation of repolarization in the myocyte strand. Using an analogy with progressive activation of the sodium current ( I Na ) in the propagation of excitation, regenerative activation of the predominant magnitude of I K1 makes the myocytes at the wave front start repolarization in succession through the electrical coupling via gap junction channels.

A 78-year-old man was diagnosed with sigmoid colon cancer, and laparoscopic sigmoidectomy was performed. On pathological examination, he was diagnosed with RAS-wild type sigmoid colon cancer with regional lymph node metastasis (T3, N1, M0, Stage ⅢB[Union for International Cancer Control 8th edition]). Computed tomography revealed S8 and S7 liver metastasis, 3 months after the initial surgery. The location of the S8 tumor was close to the inferior vena cava(IVC), right hepatic vein(RHV)and segment Ⅷ hepatic vein(V8). He was administered cetuximab plus modified FOLFOX6. After 6 courses of chemotherapy, the S8 and S7 liver tumor shrank. S8 plus 4 plus 1 and S7 partial hepatectomy was performed and R0 resection was achieved. The RHV and V8 were resected, while right superficial and middle hepatic veins were preserved. An IVC invasion was not observed. He was administered 12 courses of adjuvant modified FOLFOX6. After the partial hepatectomy, he has been followed up for 1.5 years with no recurrence.

Background: Registered dietitians are rarely employed at community pharmacies in Japan, even though dietetic advice might benefit some patients., Objective: To clarify the present status of dietetic consultation provided by registered dietitians and their collaboration with pharmacists in community pharmacies., Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of pharmacists and registered dietitians who work in community pharmacies. The surveyed items were: frequency of dietetic consultation, awareness of one's knowledge and ability to conduct dietetic consultation, concerns, pharmacists' recognition of the need for nutritional support at community pharmacies, and cooperation between registered dietitians and pharmacists., Results: Sixty-six registered dietitians, 53 pharmacists in pharmacies with registered dietitians/dietitians, and 110 pharmacists in pharmacies without registered dietitians/dietitians responded. The frequency of dietetic consultation regarding obesity and hypertension was significantly higher for registered dietitians than for pharmacists. The ability to conduct dietetic consultation regarding diseases/conditions such as kidney disease not requiring dialysis, hyperuricemia, gout, obesity and hypertension was also significantly higher for dietitians than pharmacists. More than 70% of pharmacists recognized the importance of nutritional support at community pharmacies, while 56.1% of registered dietitians noted that they were not able to fully utilize their occupational abilities. Registered dietitians were divided into two groups: registered dietitians who answered that they were able to utilize their occupational abilities and those that answered they were not. The former group was more likely to ask pharmacists about patients' medication for dietetic consultation and to be asked to provide dietetic consultation to patients. The latter group was more likely to find difficulty in scheduling dietetic consultation., Conclusion: Our results suggest that registered dietitians in community pharmacies have a greater explanatory ability than pharmacists concerning nutritional and dietary management for patients. It may be important for pharmacists to improve cooperation with registered dietitians by providing more opportunities for dietetic consultation., (© 2021. The Author(s).)