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4. Marine heatwaves drive recurrent mass mortalities in the Mediterranean Sea

Author

Garrabou, Joaquim, primary, Gómez‐Gras, Daniel, additional, Medrano, Alba, additional, Cerrano, Carlo, additional, Ponti, Massimo, additional, Schlegel, Robert, additional, Bensoussan, Nathaniel, additional, Turicchia, Eva, additional, Sini, Maria, additional, Gerovasileiou, Vasilis, additional, Teixido, Nuria, additional, Mirasole, Alice, additional, Tamburello, Laura, additional, Cebrian, Emma, additional, Rilov, Gil, additional, Ledoux, Jean‐Baptiste, additional, Souissi, Jamila Ben, additional, Khamassi, Faten, additional, Ghanem, Raouia, additional, Benabdi, Mouloud, additional, Grimes, Samir, additional, Ocaña, Oscar, additional, Bazairi, Hocein, additional, Hereu, Bernat, additional, Linares, Cristina, additional, Kersting, Diego Kurt, additional, la Rovira, Graciel, additional, Ortega, Júlia, additional, Casals, David, additional, Pagès‐Escolà, Marta, additional, Margarit, Núria, additional, Capdevila, Pol, additional, Verdura, Jana, additional, Ramos, Alfonso, additional, Izquierdo, Andres, additional, Barbera, Carmen, additional, Rubio‐Portillo, Esther, additional, Anton, Irene, additional, López‐Sendino, Paula, additional, Díaz, David, additional, Vázquez‐Luis, Maite, additional, Duarte, Carlos, additional, Marbà, Nuria, additional, Aspillaga, Eneko, additional, Espinosa, Free, additional, Grech, Daniele, additional, Guala, Ivan, additional, Azzurro, Ernesto, additional, Farina, Simone, additional, Cristina Gambi, Maria, additional, Chimienti, Giovanni, additional, Montefalcone, Monica, additional, Azzola, Annalisa, additional, Mantas, Torcuato Pulido, additional, Fraschetti, Simonetta, additional, Ceccherelli, Giulia, additional, Kipson, Silvija, additional, Bakran‐Petricioli, Tatjana, additional, Petricioli, Donat, additional, Jimenez, Carlos, additional, Katsanevakis, Stelios, additional, Kizilkaya, Inci Tuney, additional, Kizilkaya, Zafer, additional, Sartoretto, Stephane, additional, Elodie, Rouanet, additional, Ruitton, Sandrine, additional, Comeau, Steeve, additional, Gattuso, Jean‐Pierre, additional, and Harmelin, Jean‐Georges, additional

Published
2022
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5. Marine heatwaves drive recurrent mass mortalities in the Mediterranean Sea

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Garrabou, Joaquim, Gómez-Gras, Daniel, Medrano, Alba, Cerrano, Carlo, Ponti, Massimo, Schlegel, Robert, Bensoussan, Nathaniel, Turicchia, Eva, Sini, Maria, Gerovasileiou, Vasilis, Teixidó, Nuria, Mirasole, Alice, Tamburello, Laura, Cebrian, Emma, Rilov, Gil, Ledoux, Jean-Baptiste, Ben Souissi, Jamila, Khamassi, Faten, Ghanem, Raouia, Benabdi, Mouloud, Grimes, Samir, Ocaña, Oscar, Bazairi, Hocein, Hereu, Bernat, Linares, Cristina, Kersting, Diego K., Rovira, Graciel·la, Ortega, Júlia, Casals, David, Pagès-Escolà, Marta, Margarit, Núria, Capdevila, Pol, Verdura, Jana, Ramos-Esplá, Alfonso A., Izquierdo Muñoz, Andrés, Barberá, Carmen, Rubio-Portillo, Esther, Anton, Irene, López-Sendino, Paula, Díaz, David, Vázquez-Luis, Maite, Duarte, Carlos M., Marbà, Nuria, Aspillaga, Eneko, Espinosa, Free, Grech, Daniele, Guala, Ivan, Azzurro, Ernesto, Farina, Simone, Gambi, Maria Cristina, Chimienti, Giovanni, Montefalcone, Monica, Azzola, Annalisa, Pulido Mantas, Torcuato, Fraschetti, Simonetta, Ceccherelli, Giulia, Kipson, Silvija, Bakran-Petricioli, Tatjana, Petricioli, Donat, Jimenez, Carlos, Katsanevakis, Stelios, Kizilkaya, Inci Tuney, Kizilkaya, Zafer, Sartoretto, Stephane, Elodie, Rouanet, Ruitton, Sandrine, Comeau, Steeve, Gattuso, Jean-Pierre, Harmelin, Jean-Georges, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Garrabou, Joaquim, Gómez-Gras, Daniel, Medrano, Alba, Cerrano, Carlo, Ponti, Massimo, Schlegel, Robert, Bensoussan, Nathaniel, Turicchia, Eva, Sini, Maria, Gerovasileiou, Vasilis, Teixidó, Nuria, Mirasole, Alice, Tamburello, Laura, Cebrian, Emma, Rilov, Gil, Ledoux, Jean-Baptiste, Ben Souissi, Jamila, Khamassi, Faten, Ghanem, Raouia, Benabdi, Mouloud, Grimes, Samir, Ocaña, Oscar, Bazairi, Hocein, Hereu, Bernat, Linares, Cristina, Kersting, Diego K., Rovira, Graciel·la, Ortega, Júlia, Casals, David, Pagès-Escolà, Marta, Margarit, Núria, Capdevila, Pol, Verdura, Jana, Ramos-Esplá, Alfonso A., Izquierdo Muñoz, Andrés, Barberá, Carmen, Rubio-Portillo, Esther, Anton, Irene, López-Sendino, Paula, Díaz, David, Vázquez-Luis, Maite, Duarte, Carlos M., Marbà, Nuria, Aspillaga, Eneko, Espinosa, Free, Grech, Daniele, Guala, Ivan, Azzurro, Ernesto, Farina, Simone, Gambi, Maria Cristina, Chimienti, Giovanni, Montefalcone, Monica, Azzola, Annalisa, Pulido Mantas, Torcuato, Fraschetti, Simonetta, Ceccherelli, Giulia, Kipson, Silvija, Bakran-Petricioli, Tatjana, Petricioli, Donat, Jimenez, Carlos, Katsanevakis, Stelios, Kizilkaya, Inci Tuney, Kizilkaya, Zafer, Sartoretto, Stephane, Elodie, Rouanet, Ruitton, Sandrine, Comeau, Steeve, Gattuso, Jean-Pierre, and Harmelin, Jean-Georges

Abstract

Climate change is causing an increase in the frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) and mass mortality events (MMEs) of marine organisms are one of their main ecological impacts. Here, we show that during the 2015–2019 period, the Mediterranean Sea has experienced exceptional thermal conditions resulting in the onset of five consecutive years of widespread MMEs across the basin. These MMEs affected thousands of kilometers of coastline from the surface to 45 m, across a range of marine habitats and taxa (50 taxa across 8 phyla). Significant relationships were found between the incidence of MMEs and the heat exposure associated with MHWs observed both at the surface and across depths. Our findings reveal that the Mediterranean Sea is experiencing an acceleration of the ecological impacts of MHWs which poses an unprecedented threat to its ecosystems' health and functioning. Overall, we show that increasing the resolution of empirical observation is critical to enhancing our ability to more effectively understand and manage the consequences of climate change.

Published
2022

6. Marine heatwaves drive recurrent mass mortalities in the Mediterranean Sea

Author

Garrabou, Joaquim, Gómez‐gras, Daniel, Medrano, Alba, Cerrano, Carlo, Ponti, Massimo, Schlegel, Robert, Bensoussan, Nathaniel, Turicchia, Eva, Sini, Maria, Gerovasileiou, Vasilis, Teixido, Nuria, Mirasole, Alice, Tamburello, Laura, Cebrian, Emma, Rilov, Gil, Ledoux, Jean‐baptiste, Souissi, Jamila Ben, Khamassi, Faten, Ghanem, Raouia, Benabdi, Mouloud, Grimes, Samir, Ocaña, Oscar, Bazairi, Hocein, Hereu, Bernat, Linares, Cristina, Kersting, Diego Kurt, La Rovira, Graciel, Ortega, Júlia, Casals, David, Pagès‐escolà, Marta, Margarit, Núria, Capdevila, Pol, Verdura, Jana, Ramos, Alfonso, Izquierdo, Andres, Barbera, Carmen, Rubio‐portillo, Esther, Anton, Irene, López‐sendino, Paula, Díaz, David, Vázquez‐luis, Maite, Duarte, Carlos, Marbà, Nuria, Aspillaga, Eneko, Espinosa, Free, Grech, Daniele, Guala, Ivan, Azzurro, Ernesto, Farina, Simone, Cristina Gambi, Maria, Chimienti, Giovanni, Montefalcone, Monica, Azzola, Annalisa, Mantas, Torcuato Pulido, Fraschetti, Simonetta, Ceccherelli, Giulia, Kipson, Silvija, Bakran‐petricioli, Tatjana, Petricioli, Donat, Jimenez, Carlos, Katsanevakis, Stelios, Kizilkaya, Inci Tuney, Kizilkaya, Zafer, Sartoretto, Stephane, Elodie, Rouanet, Ruitton, Sandrine, Comeau, Steeve, Gattuso, Jean‐pierre, Harmelin, Jean‐georges, Garrabou, Joaquim, Gómez‐gras, Daniel, Medrano, Alba, Cerrano, Carlo, Ponti, Massimo, Schlegel, Robert, Bensoussan, Nathaniel, Turicchia, Eva, Sini, Maria, Gerovasileiou, Vasilis, Teixido, Nuria, Mirasole, Alice, Tamburello, Laura, Cebrian, Emma, Rilov, Gil, Ledoux, Jean‐baptiste, Souissi, Jamila Ben, Khamassi, Faten, Ghanem, Raouia, Benabdi, Mouloud, Grimes, Samir, Ocaña, Oscar, Bazairi, Hocein, Hereu, Bernat, Linares, Cristina, Kersting, Diego Kurt, La Rovira, Graciel, Ortega, Júlia, Casals, David, Pagès‐escolà, Marta, Margarit, Núria, Capdevila, Pol, Verdura, Jana, Ramos, Alfonso, Izquierdo, Andres, Barbera, Carmen, Rubio‐portillo, Esther, Anton, Irene, López‐sendino, Paula, Díaz, David, Vázquez‐luis, Maite, Duarte, Carlos, Marbà, Nuria, Aspillaga, Eneko, Espinosa, Free, Grech, Daniele, Guala, Ivan, Azzurro, Ernesto, Farina, Simone, Cristina Gambi, Maria, Chimienti, Giovanni, Montefalcone, Monica, Azzola, Annalisa, Mantas, Torcuato Pulido, Fraschetti, Simonetta, Ceccherelli, Giulia, Kipson, Silvija, Bakran‐petricioli, Tatjana, Petricioli, Donat, Jimenez, Carlos, Katsanevakis, Stelios, Kizilkaya, Inci Tuney, Kizilkaya, Zafer, Sartoretto, Stephane, Elodie, Rouanet, Ruitton, Sandrine, Comeau, Steeve, Gattuso, Jean‐pierre, and Harmelin, Jean‐georges

Abstract

Climate change is causing an increase in the frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) and mass mortality events (MMEs) of marine organisms are one of their main ecological impacts. Here, we show that during the 2015–2019 period, the Mediterranean Sea has experienced exceptional thermal conditions resulting in the onset of five consecutive years of widespread MMEs across the basin. These MMEs affected thousands of kilometers of coastline from the surface to 45 m, across a range of marine habitats and taxa (50 taxa across 8 phyla). Significant relationships were found between the incidence of MMEs and the heat exposure associated with MHWs observed both at the surface and across depths. Our findings reveal that the Mediterranean Sea is experiencing an acceleration of the ecological impacts of MHWs which poses an unprecedented threat to its ecosystems' health and functioning. Overall, we show that increasing the resolution of empirical observation is critical to enhancing our ability to more effectively understand and manage the consequences of climate change.

Published
2022
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7. Collaborative Database to Track Mass Mortality Events in the Mediterranean Sea

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Garrabou, Joaquim, Gómez-Gras, Daniel, Ledoux, Jean-Baptiste, Linares, Cristina, Bensoussan, Nathaniel, López-Sendino, Paula, Bazairi, Hocein, Espinosa, Free, Ramdani, Mohamed, Grimes, Samir, Benabdi, Mouloud, Ben Souissi, Jamila, Soufi, Emna, Khamassi, Faten, Ghanem, Raouia, Ocaña, Oscar, Ramos-Esplá, Alfonso A., Izquierdo Muñoz, Andrés, Anton, Irene, Rubio-Portillo, Esther, Barberá, Carmen, Cebrian, Emma, Marbà, Nuria, Hendriks, Iris E., Duarte, Carlos M., Deudero, Salud, Díaz, David, Vázquez-Luis, Maite, Alvarez, Elvira, Hereu, Bernat, Kersting, Diego K., Gori, Andrea, Viladrich, Núria, Sartoretto, Stephane, Pairaud, Ivane, Ruitton, Sandrine, Pergent, Gérard, Pergent-Martini, Christine, Rouanet, Elodie, Teixidó, Nuria, Gattuso, Jean-Pierre, Fraschetti, Simonetta, Rivetti, Irene, Azzurro, Ernesto, Cerrano, Carlo, Ponti, Massimo, Turicchia, Eva, Bavestrello, Giorgio, Cattaneo-Vietti, Riccardo, Bo, Marzia, Bertolino, Marco, Montefalcone, Monica, Chimienti, Giovanni, Grech, Daniele, Rilov, Gil, Kizilkaya, Inci Tuney, Kizilkaya, Zafer, Topçu, Nur Eda, Gerovasileiou, Vasilis, Sini, Maria, Bakran-Petricioli, Tatjana, Kipson, Silvija, Harmelin, Jean-Georges, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Garrabou, Joaquim, Gómez-Gras, Daniel, Ledoux, Jean-Baptiste, Linares, Cristina, Bensoussan, Nathaniel, López-Sendino, Paula, Bazairi, Hocein, Espinosa, Free, Ramdani, Mohamed, Grimes, Samir, Benabdi, Mouloud, Ben Souissi, Jamila, Soufi, Emna, Khamassi, Faten, Ghanem, Raouia, Ocaña, Oscar, Ramos-Esplá, Alfonso A., Izquierdo Muñoz, Andrés, Anton, Irene, Rubio-Portillo, Esther, Barberá, Carmen, Cebrian, Emma, Marbà, Nuria, Hendriks, Iris E., Duarte, Carlos M., Deudero, Salud, Díaz, David, Vázquez-Luis, Maite, Alvarez, Elvira, Hereu, Bernat, Kersting, Diego K., Gori, Andrea, Viladrich, Núria, Sartoretto, Stephane, Pairaud, Ivane, Ruitton, Sandrine, Pergent, Gérard, Pergent-Martini, Christine, Rouanet, Elodie, Teixidó, Nuria, Gattuso, Jean-Pierre, Fraschetti, Simonetta, Rivetti, Irene, Azzurro, Ernesto, Cerrano, Carlo, Ponti, Massimo, Turicchia, Eva, Bavestrello, Giorgio, Cattaneo-Vietti, Riccardo, Bo, Marzia, Bertolino, Marco, Montefalcone, Monica, Chimienti, Giovanni, Grech, Daniele, Rilov, Gil, Kizilkaya, Inci Tuney, Kizilkaya, Zafer, Topçu, Nur Eda, Gerovasileiou, Vasilis, Sini, Maria, Bakran-Petricioli, Tatjana, Kipson, Silvija, and Harmelin, Jean-Georges

Abstract

Anthropogenic climate change, and global warming in particular, has strong and increasing impacts on marine ecosystems (Poloczanska et al., 2013; Halpern et al., 2015; Smale et al., 2019). The Mediterranean Sea is considered a marine biodiversity hot-spot contributing to more than 7% of world's marine biodiversity including a high percentage of endemic species (Coll et al., 2010). The Mediterranean region is a climate change hotspot, where the respective impacts of warming are very pronounced and relatively well documented (Cramer et al., 2018). One of the major impacts of sea surface temperature rise in the marine coastal ecosystems is the occurrence of mass mortality events (MMEs). The first evidences of this phenomenon dated from the first half of'80 years affecting the Western Mediterranean and the Aegean Sea (Harmelin, 1984; Bavestrello and Boero, 1986; Gaino and Pronzato, 1989; Voultsiadou et al., 2011). The most impressive phenomenon happened in 1999 when an unprecedented large scale MME impacted populations of more than 30 species from different phyla along the French and Italian coasts (Cerrano et al., 2000; Perez et al., 2000). Following this event, several other large scale MMEs have been reported, along with numerous other minor ones, which are usually more restricted in geographic extend and/or number of affected species (Garrabou et al., 2009; Rivetti et al., 2014; Marbà et al., 2015; Rubio-Portillo et al., 2016, authors' personal observations). These events have generally been associated with strong and recurrent marine heat waves (Crisci et al., 2011; Kersting et al., 2013; Turicchia et al., 2018; Bensoussan et al., 2019) which are becoming more frequent globally (Smale et al., 2019). Both field observations and future projections using Regional Coupled Models (Adloff et al., 2015; Darmaraki et al., 2019) show the increase in Mediterranean sea surface temperature, with more frequent occurrence of extreme ocean warming events. As a result, new MMEs ar

Published
2019

8. Determination of Photosynthesis-Related and Ascorbate Peroxidase Gene Expression in the Green Algae (Chlorella vulgaris) Under High-Temperature Conditions.

Author

Kizilkaya, Inci Tuney, Akcaalan, Sedef, and Unal, Dilek

Subjects
PHOTOSYNTHESIS, GREEN algae, CLIMATE change, WATER temperature, GENETIC transcription in plants
Abstract

Increasing water temperatures because of climate change resulted in population shifts and physiological responses in aquatic environments. In this study, short-term high-temperature condition effects on green algae Chlorella vulgaris were investigated at transcriptional and physiological levels. The photosystem II D1 protein (psbA) gene, a large unit of Rubisco (rbcL) gene and chloroplastic ascorbate peroxidase (cAPX) gene expressions were quantified using semi-quantitative real time-PCR. The psbA gene transcription level at 45°C for 48 and 72 h was reduced by approx. 2.22 and 2.86-folds, respectively. The rbcL gene transcription level was also reduced by 1.54 relative to the control at 72 h. Our APX gene transcriptional level results indicated that the transcription of this gene was significantly increased at 35°C at 24, 48, and 72 h. In contrast, the cAPX mRNA transcript level was reduced by approx. 2 times compared with the control. Our data demonstrated that alteration cAPX gene expression could play an essential role in high-temperature acclimation in C. vulgaris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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9. State of the knowledge on European marine habitat mapping and degraded habitats

Author

Bekkby, Trine, Gerovasileiou, Vasilis, Papadopoulou, Nadia, Sevastou, Katerina, Dailianis, Thanos, Fiorentino, Dario, McOwen, Chris, Smith, Chris, Amaro, Teresa, Bakran-Petricioli, Tatjana, Bilan, Meri, Boström, Christoffer, Carreiro-Silva, Marina, Carugati, Laura, Cebrian, Emma, Cerrano, Carlo, Christie, Hartvig, Danovaro, Roberto, Grace Tunka Eronat, Elisabeth, Fraschetti, Simonetta, Gagnon, Karine, Gambi, Cristina, Kizilkaya, Inci Tuney, Kotta, Jonne, Linares, Cristina, Milanese, Martina, Morato, Telmo, Ojaveer, Henn, Orav-Kotta, Helen, Pham, Christopher Kim, Rinde, Eli, Sarà, Antonio, Scrimgeour, Rachael, Bekkby, Trine, Gerovasileiou, Vasilis, Papadopoulou, Nadia, Sevastou, Katerina, Dailianis, Thanos, Fiorentino, Dario, McOwen, Chris, Smith, Chris, Amaro, Teresa, Bakran-Petricioli, Tatjana, Bilan, Meri, Boström, Christoffer, Carreiro-Silva, Marina, Carugati, Laura, Cebrian, Emma, Cerrano, Carlo, Christie, Hartvig, Danovaro, Roberto, Grace Tunka Eronat, Elisabeth, Fraschetti, Simonetta, Gagnon, Karine, Gambi, Cristina, Kizilkaya, Inci Tuney, Kotta, Jonne, Linares, Cristina, Milanese, Martina, Morato, Telmo, Ojaveer, Henn, Orav-Kotta, Helen, Pham, Christopher Kim, Rinde, Eli, Sarà, Antonio, and Scrimgeour, Rachael

Abstract

During the last decades, several EU Directives and other international legislations have generated a large number of national initiatives (e.g. marine atlases) and EU programmes on habitat mapping. Nevertheless, the outcomes of these initiatives are fragmented and, to our best knowledge, to date there is no systematic assessment regarding the nature, quality and availability of information across the European seas. One of the main goals of the MERCES project (www.merces-project.eu) is to produce a census of available maps of European key marine habitats, along with their degradation status and restoration potential in the European Seas, providing a potential basis for future discussion on restoration activities. MERCES is producing a census of European marine key habitat maps, degraded habitat maps and investigating key habitat restoration potential. To do this MERCES has i. reviewed known existing habitat maps of European regional seas and provided source citations for all of the information ii. reviewed degraded habitat map resources by regional sea and habitat type (e.g. seagrass, macroalgae, coral gardens, sponge aggregations, seamounts, vents), associated habitat deterioration (e.g. extent of decline), the most common human activities and pressures reported, and the recovery and restoration potential of these habitats iii. reviewed 6 key habitats (including kelp and macroalgal forests, seagrass meadows, coralligenous assemblages, coral gardens and deep-sea bottom communities) and linked 6 major habitat features, such as dynamics, connectivity, structural complexity and vulnerability, to consequences for restoration and the likelihood of restoration success

Published
2017

10. Marine heatwaves drive recurrent mass mortalities in the Mediterranean Sea

Author

Joaquim Garrabou, Daniel Gómez‐Gras, Alba Medrano, Carlo Cerrano, Massimo Ponti, Robert Schlegel, Nathaniel Bensoussan, Eva Turicchia, Maria Sini, Vasilis Gerovasileiou, Nuria Teixido, Alice Mirasole, Laura Tamburello, Emma Cebrian, Gil Rilov, Jean‐Baptiste Ledoux, Jamila Ben Souissi, Faten Khamassi, Raouia Ghanem, Mouloud Benabdi, Samir Grimes, Oscar Ocaña, Hocein Bazairi, Bernat Hereu, Cristina Linares, Diego Kurt Kersting, Graciel la Rovira, Júlia Ortega, David Casals, Marta Pagès‐Escolà, Núria Margarit, Pol Capdevila, Jana Verdura, Alfonso Ramos, Andres Izquierdo, Carmen Barbera, Esther Rubio‐Portillo, Irene Anton, Paula López‐Sendino, David Díaz, Maite Vázquez‐Luis, Carlos Duarte, Nuria Marbà, Eneko Aspillaga, Free Espinosa, Daniele Grech, Ivan Guala, Ernesto Azzurro, Simone Farina, Maria Cristina Gambi, Giovanni Chimienti, Monica Montefalcone, Annalisa Azzola, Torcuato Pulido Mantas, Simonetta Fraschetti, Giulia Ceccherelli, Silvija Kipson, Tatjana Bakran‐Petricioli, Donat Petricioli, Carlos Jimenez, Stelios Katsanevakis, Inci Tuney Kizilkaya, Zafer Kizilkaya, Stephane Sartoretto, Rouanet Elodie, Sandrine Ruitton, Steeve Comeau, Jean‐Pierre Gattuso, Jean‐Georges Harmelin, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Biología Marina, Ecología Microbiana Molecular, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-17-MPGA-0001,4Oceans,Predicting future oceans under(2017), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Garrabou, Joaquim, Gómez-Gras, Daniel, Medrano, Alba, Cerrano, Carlo, Ponti, Massimo, Schlegel, Robert, Bensoussan, Nathaniel, Turicchia, Eva, Sini, Maria, Gerovasileiou, Vasili, Teixido, Nuria, Mirasole, Alice, Tamburello, Laura, Cebrian, Emma, Rilov, Gil, Ledoux, Jean-Baptiste, Souissi, Jamila Ben, Khamassi, Faten, Ghanem, Raouia, Benabdi, Mouloud, Grimes, Samir, Ocaña, Oscar, Bazairi, Hocein, Hereu, Bernat, Linares, Cristina, Kersting, Diego Kurt, la Rovira, Graciel, Ortega, Júlia, Casals, David, Pagès-Escolà, Marta, Margarit, Núria, Capdevila, Pol, Verdura, Jana, Ramos, Alfonso, Izquierdo, Andre, Barbera, Carmen, Rubio-Portillo, Esther, Anton, Irene, López-Sendino, Paula, Díaz, David, Vázquez-Luis, Maite, Duarte, Carlo, Marbà, Nuria, Aspillaga, Eneko, Espinosa, Free, Grech, Daniele, Guala, Ivan, Azzurro, Ernesto, Farina, Simone, Cristina Gambi, Maria, Chimienti, Giovanni, Montefalcone, Monica, Azzola, Annalisa, Mantas, Torcuato Pulido, Fraschetti, Simonetta, Ceccherelli, Giulia, Kipson, Silvija, Bakran-Petricioli, Tatjana, Petricioli, Donat, Jimenez, Carlo, Katsanevakis, Stelio, Kizilkaya, Inci Tuney, Kizilkaya, Zafer, Sartoretto, Stephane, Elodie, Rouanet, Ruitton, Sandrine, Comeau, Steeve, Gattuso, Jean-Pierre, Harmelin, Jean-Georges, Joaquim Garrabou, Daniel Gómez-Gra, Alba Medrano, Carlo Cerrano, Massimo Ponti, Robert Schlegel, Nathaniel Bensoussan, Eva Turicchia, Maria Sini, Vasilis Gerovasileiou, Nuria Teixido, Alice Mirasole, Laura Tamburello, Emma Cebrian, Gil Rilov, Jean-Baptiste Ledoux, Jamila Ben Souissi, Faten Khamassi, Raouia Ghanem, Mouloud Benabdi, Samir Grime, Oscar Ocaña, Hocein Bazairi, Bernat Hereu, Cristina Linare, Diego Kurt Kersting, Graciel la Rovira, Júlia Ortega, David Casal, Marta Pagès-Escolà, Núria Margarit, Pol Capdevila, Jana Verdura, Alfonso Ramo, Andres Izquierdo, Carmen Barbera, Esther Rubio-Portillo, Irene Anton, Paula López-Sendino, David Díaz, Maite Vázquez-Lui, Carlos Duarte, Nuria Marbà, Eneko Aspillaga, Free Espinosa, Daniele Grech, Ivan Guala, Ernesto Azzurro, Simone Farina, Maria Cristina Gambi, Giovanni Chimienti, Monica Montefalcone, Annalisa Azzola, Torcuato Pulido Manta, Simonetta Fraschetti, Giulia Ceccherelli, Silvija Kipson, Tatjana Bakran-Petricioli, Donat Petricioli, Carlos Jimenez, Stelios Katsanevaki, Inci Tuney Kizilkaya, Zafer Kizilkaya, Stephane Sartoretto, Rouanet Elodie, Sandrine Ruitton, Steeve Comeau, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, and Jean-Georges Harmelin

Subjects
Aquatic Organisms, Foundation species, Coralligenous habitats, Marine conservation, Climate Change, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Impact assessment, climate change, coralligenous habitats, foundation species, habitat-forming species, impact assessment, marine conservation, marine heatwaves, temperate reefs, Marine heatwaves, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Coralligenous Assemblages, climate change, coralligenous habitats, foundation species, habitat-forming species, impact assessment, marine conservation, marine heatwaves, temperate reefs, Mediterranean Sea, Responses, Environmental Chemistry, Climate change, Temperate reefs, Medio Marino, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecosystem, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, General Environmental Science, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Climate-Change, Ecology, Surface Temperature, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Coastal, Habitat-forming species
Abstract

Este artículo contiene 18 páginas, 4 figuras., Climate change is causing an increase in the frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) and mass mortality events (MMEs) of marine organisms are one of their main ecological impacts. Here, we show that during the 2015–2019 period, the Mediterranean Sea has experienced exceptional thermal conditions resulting in the onset of five consecutive years of widespread MMEs across the basin. These MMEs affected thousands of kilometers of coastline from the surface to 45 m, across a range of marine habitats and taxa (50 taxa across 8 phyla). Significant relationships were found between the incidence of MMEs and the heat exposure associated with MHWs observed both at the surface and across depths. Our findings reveal that the Mediterranean Sea is experiencing an acceleration of the ecological impacts of MHWs which poses an unprecedented threat to its ecosystems' health and functioning. Overall, we show that increasing the resolution of empirical observation is critical to enhancing our ability to more effectively understand and manage the consequences of climate change., This paper was supported by Euromarine. Joaquim Garrabou acknowledges the funding by the “Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence” (CEX2019-000928-S), the MCIU/AEI/FEDER [HEATMED; RTI2018-095346-B-I00], Interreg-Med Programme MPA-Engage (1MED15_3.2_M2_337), the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Futuremares SEP-210597628). Nuria Teixido acknowledges the French National Research Agency (4Oceans-MOPGA grant, ANR-17-MPGA-0001) and internal funds from the Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn. Gil Rilov was supported by the Israel Ministry of Environmental Protection. Hocein Bazairi, Free Spinosa, and Vasilis Gerovasileiou acknowledge the funding by the MAVA Fondation (MedKeyHabitats I Project) and the European Commission (Ecap-MED II Project; projects implemented by UNEP/MAP-RAC/SPA). Alfonso Ramos was supported the CIESM “Tropical Signals,” Stelios Katsanevakis and Maria Sini were supported by the Project “Coastal Environment Observatory and Risk Management in Island Regions AEGIS+” (MIS 5047038), implemented within the Operational Programme “Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation” (NSRF 2014–2020), co-financed by the Hellenic Government (Ministry of Development and Investments) and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund, Cohesion Fund), Stelios Katsanevakis, Maria Sini and Vasilis Gerovasileiou acknowledge the support of the MARISCA Project, co-funded by 85% by the EEA GRANTS, 2009–2014, and 15% by the Public Investments Programme (PIP) of the Hellenic Republic. Ivan Guala and Daniele Grech thanks thank the support of the project “Pinna nobilis—ricerca per la sopravvivenza: un'iniziativa di Citizen Science per tracciare la mortalità di massa di Pinna nobilis in Sardegna” project and the L/7 grant (CUP 87G17000070002) funded by the Regione Autonoma Sardegna. Jean-Baptiste Ledoux was funded by an assistant researcher contract framework of the RD Unit—UID/Multi/04423/2019—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research—financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through COMPETE2020—Operational Program for Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI) and national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC). This research was supported by the Strategic Funding UIDB/04423/2020 and UIDP/04423/2020 through national funds provided by the FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), in the framework of the program PT2020. Bernat Hereu and Cristina Linares acknowledge the support of the long-term monitoring programme of the catalan Natural Parks, funded by the Departament de Territori i Sostenibilitat of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Cristina Linares acknowledges the support of the ICREA Academia programme. David Díaz acknowledges the support the research grant CTM2016-77027-R of the Programa Estatal de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad and Program of Marines Strategies of Spain funded by MITERD. Jamila Ben Soussi was partially funded by the Fondation Albert 2 Monaco (MIMOSA Project) and the Tropical Signals Program of CIESM. Giovanni Chimienti was supported by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (PON 2014–2020, AIM 1807508–1, Linea 1), by the Ente Parco Nazionale del Gargano (Research agreement with CoNISMa N. 21/2018), and by the National Geographic Society (Grant EC-176R-18). Nathaniel Bensoussan acknowledges financial support from the European Commission through the programme “Caroline Herschell” in the context of the action “Developing Downstream applications and services on BIO-PHYsical characterization of the seascape for COASTal management” (BIOPHYCOAST). Monica Montefalcone and Annalissa Azzola collected some of their data on MMEs in the frame of the project “Mare Caldo” funded by Greenpeace Italy. Núria Marbà acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministries of Economy and Competitiveness (CTM2012-32603, CGL2015-71809-P) and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (RTI2018-095441-B-C21). Diego K. Kersting acknowledges support by the postdoctoral fellowship programme Beatriu de Pinós funded by the Secretary of Universities and Research (Government of Catalonia) and the Horizon 2020 programme of research and innovation of the European Union under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 801370.

Published
2022
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