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2,871 results on '"Klein, N"'

1. Optimizing Josephson Junction Reproducibility in 30 kV E-beam Lithography: Analysis of Backscattered Electron Distribution

Author

Rebello, A. M., Ruela, L. M., Moreto, G., Klein, N. Y., Martins, E., Oliveira, I. S., Rouxinol, F., and Sinnecker, J. P.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

This paper explores methods to enhance the reproducibility of Josephson junctions, crucial elements in superconducting quantum technologies, when employing the Dolan technique in 30 kV e-beam processes. The study explores the influence of dose distribution along the bridge area on reproducibility, addressing challenges related to fabrication sensitivity. Experimental methods include E-beam lithography, with electron trajectory simulations shedding light on backscattered electron behavior. We demonstrate the fabrication of different junction geometries, revealing that some geometries significantly improve reproducibility by resulting in a more homogeneous dose distribution over the junction area.

Published
2024

9. Prostate cancer treatment with Irreversible Electroporation (IRE): Safety, efficacy and clinical experience in 471 treatments

Author

Guenther, E, Klein, N, Zapf, S, Weil, S, Schlosser, C, Rubinsky, B, and Stehling, MK

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Aging, Prostate Cancer, Clinical Research, Urologic Diseases, Biomedical Imaging, Cancer, Electroporation, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Prostatic Neoplasms, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, General Science & Technology
Abstract

BackgroundIrreversible Electroporation (IRE) is a novel image-guided tissue ablation technology that induces cell death via very short but strong pulsed electric fields. IRE has been shown to have preserving properties towards vessels and nerves and the extracellular matrix. This makes IRE an ideal candidate to treat prostate cancer (PCa) where other treatment modalities frequently unselectively destroy surrounding structures inducing severe side effects like incontinence or impotence. We report the retrospective assessment of 471 IRE treatments in 429 patients of all grades and stages of PCa with 6-year maximum follow-up time.Material and findingsThe patient cohort consisted of low (25), intermediate (88) and high-risk cancers (312). All had multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging, and 199 men had additional 3D-mapping biopsy for diagnostic work-up prior to IRE. Patients were treated either focally (123), sub-whole-gland (154), whole-gland (134) or for recurrent disease (63) after previous radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, etc. Adverse effects were mild (19.7%), moderate (3.7%) and severe (1.4%), never life-threatening. Urinary continence was preserved in all cases. IRE-induced erectile dysfunction persisted in 3% of the evaluated cases 12 months post treatment. Mean transient IIEF-5-Score reduction was 33% within 12-month post IRE follow-up and 15% after 12 months. Recurrences within the follow-up period occurred in 10% of the treated men, 23 in or adjacent to the treatment field and 18 outside the treatment field (residuals). Including residuals for worst case analysis, Kaplan Maier estimation on recurrence rate at 5 years resulted in 5.6% (CI95: 1.8-16.93) for Gleason 6, 14.6% (CI95: 8.8-23.7) for Gleason 7 and 39.5% (CI95: 23.5-61.4) for Gleason 8-10.ConclusionThe results indicate comparable efficacy of IRE to standard radical prostatectomy in terms of 5-year recurrence rates and better preservation of urogenital function, proving the safety and suitability of IRE for PCa treatment. The data also shows that IRE, besides focal therapy of early PCa, can also be used for whole-gland ablations, in patients with recurrent PCa, and as a problem-solver for local tumor control in T4-cancers not amenable to surgery and radiation therapy anymore.

Published
2019

10. Red noise versus planetary interpretations in the microlensing event OGLE-2013-BLG-446

Author

Bachelet, E., Bramich, D. M., Han, C., Greenhill, J., Street, R. A., Gould, A., Ago, G. D, AlSubai, K., Dominik, M., Jaimes, R. Figuera, Horne, K., Hundertmark, M., Kains, N., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I. A., Tsapras, Y., Albrow, M. D., Batista, V., Beaulieu, J. -P., Bennett, D. P., Brillant, S., Caldwell, J. A. R., Cassan, A., Cole, A., Coutures, C., Dieters, S., Prester, D. Dominis, Donatowicz, J., Fouque, P., Hill, K., Marquette, J. -B., Menzies, J., Pere, C., Ranc, C., Wambsganss, J., Warren, D., de Almeida, L. Andrade, Choi, J. -Y., DePoy, D. L., Dong, Subo, Hung, L. -W., Hwang, K. H., Jablonski, F., Jung, Y. K., Kaspi, S., Klein, N., Lee, C. -U., Maoz, D., Munoz, J. A., Nataf, D., Park, H., Pogge, R. W., Polishook, D., Shin, I. -G., Shporer, A., Abe, J. C. Yee F., Bhattacharya, A., Bond, I. A., Botzler, C. S., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Ohnishi, K., Philpott, L. C., Rattenbury, N., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Sumi, T., Suzuki, D., Tristram, J., Yonehara, A., Bozza, V., Novati, S. Calchi, Ciceri, S., Galianni, P., Gu, S. H., Harpsoe, K., Hinse, T. C., Jorgensen, U. G., Juncher, D., Korhonen, H., Mancini, L., Melchiorre, C., Popovas, A., Postiglione, A., Rabus, M., Rahvar, S., Schmidt, R. W., Scarpetta, G., Skottfelt, J., Southworth, John, Stabile, An., Surdej, J., Wang, X. -B., and Wertz, O.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

For all exoplanet candidates, the reliability of a claimed detection needs to be assessed through a careful study of systematic errors in the data to minimize the false positives rate. We present a method to investigate such systematics in microlensing datasets using the microlensing event OGLE-2013-BLG-0446 as a case study. The event was observed from multiple sites around the world and its high magnification (A_{max} \sim 3000) allowed us to investigate the effects of terrestrial and annual parallax. Real-time modeling of the event while it was still ongoing suggested the presence of an extremely low-mass companion (\sim 3M_\oplus ) to the lensing star, leading to substantial follow-up coverage of the light curve. We test and compare different models for the light curve and conclude that the data do not favour the planetary interpretation when systematic errors are taken into account., Comment: accepted ApJ 2015

Published
2015
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11. Metallic multilayers for X-band Bragg reflector applications

Author

Mihai, A. P., Adabi, M., Liu, W., Hill, H., Klein, N., and Petrov, P. K.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

We present a structural and high frequency (8.72GHz) electrical characterization of sputter deposited Ti/W, Ti/Ru and Mo/Ti metallic multilayers for potential application as acoustic Bragg reflectors. We prove that all metallic multilayers comprised of different acoustic impedance metals such as Ti, W, Mo are promising candidates for Bragg reflector/bottom electrode in full X-band thin film acoustic resonators. Values for high frequency resistivity of the order of $10^{-8} ohm.m$ are measured by use of a contact-free/non-invasive sheet resistance method.

Published
2015

13. Minimally invasive, non-Thermal tissue ablation with a single exponential decay electrolytic electroporation waveform

Author

Rubinsky, B, Gunther, E, Botea, F, Lugnani, F, Herlea, V, Mikus, P, Pautov, M, Klein, N, Pecheanu, C, Stehling, MK, Tomescu, D, Macchioro, M, Dima, S, Serban, A, and Popescu, I

Abstract

A new minimally invasive tissue ablation technique, that combines the biophysical processes of electroporation and electrolysis, is introduced. The technology employs electrode needles inserted in the target tissue to deliver an Electrolytic Electroporation Waveform (EEW) in the form of an exponential decay voltage, several tens of microsecond long. A case study in a large animal model demonstrates that clinically significant size lesions can be achieved with a single, milliseconds long EEW. Ablation with EEW has major advantages over the comparable tissue ablation techniques of electrolysis, reversible electroporation and irreversible electroporation. EEW is orders of magnitude faster than conventional electrolytic ablation. EEW does not require the use of muscle relaxant as irreversible electroporation and EEW does not require injection of drugs as reversible electroporation. This new technology is simple to use and may become an important addition to the minimally invasive surgery armamentarium.

Published
2016

14. Evaluatie hoogwater WMCN

Author

Verheul, M., Vlagsma, J., Klein, N., Wolberink, E., Verheul, M., Vlagsma, J., Klein, N., and Wolberink, E.

Abstract

In de maanden oktober, november en december 2023 en januari 2024 viel er in Nederland en in de stroomgebieden van de Rijn en de Maas bovengemiddeld veel neerslag. Dit veroorzaakte verhoogde waterstanden in de Rijn en de Maas, in het IJsselmeergebied (IJsselmeer, Markermeer en de randmeren) en in de regionale watersystemen. Bovendien zorgden diverse stormen voor extra verhoogde waterstanden aan de kust en in het IJsselmeergebied. De verhoogde waterstanden veroorzaakten lokale wateroverlast, waardoor waterbeheerders verschillende grootschalige maatregelen namen voor de waterveiligheid. Om deze redenen was het Watermanagementcentrum Nederland (WMCN) actief en werden onderdelen binnen het WMCN opgeschaald. Het doel van het WMCN was om door tijdig, actueel en gericht informatie over de actuele en verwachte toestand van het water te verschaffen, waterbeheerders en bestuurders te helpen de waterproblemen het hoofd te bieden.

Published
2024

15. Quantifying agricultural land-use intensity for spatial biodiversity modelling: implications of different metrics and spatial aggregation methods

Author

Roilo, S, Paulus, A, Alarcon-Segura, V, Kock, L, Beckmann, M, Klein, N, Cord, AF, Roilo, S, Paulus, A, Alarcon-Segura, V, Kock, L, Beckmann, M, Klein, N, and Cord, AF

Abstract

Context Agricultural intensification is a major driver of farmland biodiversity declines. However, the relationship between land-use intensity (LUI) and biodiversity is complex and difficult to characterise, not least because of the difficulties in accurately quantifying LUI across heterogeneous agricultural regions. Objectives We investigated how the use of different LUI metrics and spatial aggregation methods can lead to large variations in LUI estimation across space and thus affect biodiversity modelling. Methods We used three spatial aggregation methods (square, hexagonal, and voronoi grids) to calculate ten commonly used LUI metrics describing three LUI dimensions: land use, land management and landscape structure. Using a virtual species approach, we compared how LUI values sampled at biodiversity monitoring sites vary across different metrics and grids. We modelled the distribution of three virtual species using Generalised Additive Models to test how omitting certain LUI dimensions from the models affected the model results. Results The density distributions of LUI values at the presence points of the virtual species were significantly different across metrics and grids. The predefined species-environment relationships characterising the environmental niches of two out of three virtual species remained undetected in models that omitted certain LUI dimensions. Conclusions We encourage researchers to consider the implications of using alternative grid types in biodiversity models, and to account for multiple LUI dimensions, for a more complete representation of LUI. Advances in remote sensing-derived products and increased accessibility to datasets on farm structure, land-use and management can greatly advance our understanding of LUI effects on biodiversity.

Published
2024

16. Emotion Regulation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.

Author

Bischof, C, Hohensee, N, Dietel, FA, Doebler, P, Klein, N, Buhlmann, U, Bischof, C, Hohensee, N, Dietel, FA, Doebler, P, Klein, N, and Buhlmann, U

Abstract

Emotion dysregulation is a central process implicated in the genesis and maintenance of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, past research on OCD has examined emotion regulation with a trait-level approach, thereby neglecting important situational and temporal dynamics. The present study is the first one to examine moment-to-moment emotion regulation in individuals with OCD. A 6-day ecological momentary assessment was used to assess affect, emotion regulation strategies, perceived effectiveness of emotion regulation strategies, and acceptance of emotional experiences in n = 72 individuals with OCD and n = 54 psychologically healthy controls. As expected, individuals with OCD reported more negative and less positive affect. Group differences in positive (but not negative) affect did remain significant when controlling for baseline depression. Furthermore, the OCD group reported to use a higher momentary number of avoidance-oriented regulation strategies and less perceived effectiveness of emotion regulation, even when controlling for current symptoms and negative affect or baseline depression scores. Further, irrespective of group, more momentary negative affect amplified use of avoidance-oriented strategies and diminished perceived effectiveness and emotional acceptance. Contrary to expectations, these effects were not more pronounced in the OCD group. Possible explanations for unexpected findings and implications for future research, particularly regarding more holistic emotion regulation treatments, are discussed.

Published
2024

17. Quantifying agricultural land-use intensity for spatial biodiversity modelling: implications of different metrics and spatial aggregation methods

Author

Roilo, S., Paulus, Anne Katharina, Alarcón-Segura, V., Kock, L., Beckmann, Michael, Klein, N., Cord, A.F., Roilo, S., Paulus, Anne Katharina, Alarcón-Segura, V., Kock, L., Beckmann, Michael, Klein, N., and Cord, A.F.

Abstract

Context Agricultural intensification is a major driver of farmland biodiversity declines. However, the relationship between land-use intensity (LUI) and biodiversity is complex and difficult to characterise, not least because of the difficulties in accurately quantifying LUI across heterogeneous agricultural regions. Objectives We investigated how the use of different LUI metrics and spatial aggregation methods can lead to large variations in LUI estimation across space and thus affect biodiversity modelling. Methods We used three spatial aggregation methods (square, hexagonal, and voronoi grids) to calculate ten commonly used LUI metrics describing three LUI dimensions: land use, land management and landscape structure. Using a virtual species approach, we compared how LUI values sampled at biodiversity monitoring sites vary across different metrics and grids. We modelled the distribution of three virtual species using Generalised Additive Models to test how omitting certain LUI dimensions from the models affected the model results. Results The density distributions of LUI values at the presence points of the virtual species were significantly different across metrics and grids. The predefined species-environment relationships characterising the environmental niches of two out of three virtual species remained undetected in models that omitted certain LUI dimensions. Conclusions We encourage researchers to consider the implications of using alternative grid types in biodiversity models, and to account for multiple LUI dimensions, for a more complete representation of LUI. Advances in remote sensing-derived products and increased accessibility to datasets on farm structure, land-use and management can greatly advance our understanding of LUI effects on biodiversity.

Published
2024

18. Non-contact method for measurement of the microwave conductivity of graphene

Author

Hao, L, Gallop, J, Goniszewski, S, Gregory, A, Shaforost, O, Klein, N, and Yakimova, R

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

We report a non-contact method for conductivity and sheet resistance measurements of graphene samples using a high Q microwave dielectric resonator perturbation technique, with the aim of fast and accurate measurement of microwave conductivity and sheet resistance of monolayer and few layers graphene samples. The dynamic range of the microwave conductivity measurements makes this technique sensitive to a wide variety of imperfections and impurities and can provide a rapid non-contacting characterisation method. Typically the graphene samples are supported on a low-loss dielectric substrate, such as quartz, sapphire or SiC. This substrate is suspended in the near-field region of a small high Q sapphire puck microwave resonator. The presence of the graphene perturbs both centre frequency and Q value of the microwave resonator. The measured data may be interpreted in terms of the real and imaginary components of the permittivity, and by calculation, the conductivity and sheet resistance of the graphene. The method has great sensitivity and dynamic range. Results are reported for graphene samples grown by three different methods: reduced graphene oxide (GO), chemical vapour deposition (CVD) and graphene grown epitaxially on SiC. The latter method produces much higher conductivity values than the others., Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures and 2 tables

Published
2013
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21. MOA-2010-BLG-073L: An M-Dwarf with a Substellar Companion at the Planet/Brown Dwarf Boundary

Author

Street, R. A., Choi, J. -Y., Tsapras, Y., Han, C., Furusawa, K., Hundertmark, M., Gould, A., Sumi, T., Bond, I. A., Wouters, D., Zellem, R., Udalski, A., Snodgrass, C., Horne, K., Dominik, M., Browne, P., Kains, N., Bramich, D. M., Bajek, D., Steele, I. A., Ipatov, S., Abe, F., Bennett, D. P., Botzler, C. S., Chote, P., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Harris, P., Itow, Y., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Miyake, N., Muraki, Y., Nagayama, T., Nishimaya, S., Ohnishi, K., Rattenbury, N., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Suzuki, D., Sweatman, W. L., Tristram, P. J., Wada, K., Yock, P. C. M., Szymanski, M. K., Kubiak, M., Pietrzynski, G., Soszynski, I., Poleski, R., Ulaczyk, K., Wyrzykowski, L., Yee, J., Dong, S., Shin, I. -G., Lee, C. -U., Skowron, J., De Almeida, L. Andrade, DePoy, D. L., Gaudi, B. S., Hung, L. -W., Jablonski, F., Kaspi, S., Klein, N., Hwang, K. -H., Koo, J. -R., Maoz, D., Munoz, J. A., Pogge, R. W., Polishhook, D., Shporer, A., McCormick, J., Christie, G., Natusch, T., Allen, B., Drummond, J., Moorhouse, D., Thornley, G., Knowler, M., Bos, M., Bolt, G., Beaulieu, J. -P., Albrow, M. D., Batista, V., Brillant, S., Caldwell, J. A. R., Cassan, A., Cole, A., Corrales, E., Coutures, Ch., Dieters, S., Prester, D. Dominis, Donatowicz, J., Fouque, P., Bachelet, E., Greenhill, J., Kane, S. R., Kubas, D., Marquette, J. -B., Martin, R., Menzies, J., Pollard, K. R., Sahu, K. C., Wambsganss, J., Williams, A., Zub, M., Alsubai, K. A., Bozza, V., Burgdorf, M. J., Novati, S. Calchi, Dodds, P., Dreizler, S., Finet, F., Gerner, T., Hardis, S., Harpsoe, K., Hessman, F., Hinse, T. C., Jorgensen, U. G., Kerins, E., Liebig, C., Mancini, L., Mathiasen, M., Penny, M. T., Proft, S., Rahvar, S., Ricci, D., Scarpetta, G., Schafer, S., Schonebeck, F., Southworth, J., and Surdej, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We present an analysis of the anomalous microlensing event, MOA-2010-BLG-073, announced by the Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics survey on 2010-03-18. This event was remarkable because the source was previously known to be photometrically variable. Analyzing the pre-event source lightcurve, we demonstrate that it is an irregular variable over time scales >200d. Its dereddened color, $(V-I)_{S,0}$, is 1.221$\pm$0.051mag and from our lens model we derive a source radius of 14.7$\pm$1.3 $R_{\odot}$, suggesting that it is a red giant star. We initially explored a number of purely microlensing models for the event but found a residual gradient in the data taken prior to and after the event. This is likely to be due to the variability of the source rather than part of the lensing event, so we incorporated a slope parameter in our model in order to derive the true parameters of the lensing system. We find that the lensing system has a mass ratio of q=0.0654$\pm$0.0006. The Einstein crossing time of the event, $T_{\rm{E}}=44.3$\pm$0.1d, was sufficiently long that the lightcurve exhibited parallax effects. In addition, the source trajectory relative to the large caustic structure allowed the orbital motion of the lens system to be detected. Combining the parallax with the Einstein radius, we were able to derive the distance to the lens, $D_L$=2.8$\pm$0.4kpc, and the masses of the lensing objects. The primary of the lens is an M-dwarf with $M_{L,p}$=0.16$\pm0.03M_{\odot}$ while the companion has $M_{L,s}$=11.0$\pm2.0M_{\rm{J}}$ putting it in the boundary zone between planets and brown dwarfs., Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures, best viewed in colour, accepted by ApJ

Published
2012
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22. MOA-2010-BLG-311: A planetary candidate below the threshold of reliable detection

Author

Yee, J. C., Hung, L. -W., Bond, I. A., Allen, W., Monard, L. A. G., Albrow, M. D., Fouque, P., Dominik, M., Tsapras, Y., Udalski, A., Gould, A., Zellem, R., Bos, M., Christie, G. W., DePoy, D. L., Dong, Subo, Drummond, J., Gaudi, B. S., Gorbikov, E., Han, C., Kaspi, S., Klein, N., Lee, C. -U., Maoz, D., McCormick, J., Moorhouse, D., Natusch, T., Nola, M., Park, B. -G., Pogge, R. W., Polishook, D., Shporer, A., Shvartzvald, Y., Skowron, J., Thornley, G., Abe, F., Bennett, D. P., Botzler, C. S., Chote, P., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Furusawa, K., Harris, P., Itow, Y., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Miyake, N., Ohnishi, K., Rattenbury, N. J., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Sumi, T., Suzuki, D., Sweatman, W. L., Tristram, P. J., Wada, K., Yock, P. C. M., Szymanski, M. K., Soszynski, I., Kubiak, M., Poleski, R., Ulaczyk, K., Pietrzynski, G., Wyrzykowski, L., Bachelet, E., Batista, V., Beatty, T. G., Beaulieu, J. -P., Bennett, C. S., Bowens-Rubin, R., Brillant, S., Caldwell, J. A. R., Cassan, A., Cole, A. A., Corrales, E., Coutures, C., Dieters, S., Prester, D. Dominis, Donatowicz, J., Greenhill, J., Henderson, C. B., Kubas, D., Marquette, J. -B., Martin, R., Menzies, J. W., Shappee, B., Williams, A., Wouters, D., van Saders, J., Zub, M., Street, R. A., Horne, K., Bramich, D. M., Steele, I. A., Alsubai, K. A., Bozza, V., Browne, P., Burgdorf, M. J., Novati, S. Calchi, Dodds, P., Finet, F., Gerner, T., Hardis, S., Harpsoe, K., Hessman, F. V., Hinse, T. C., Hundertmark, M., Jorgensen, U. G., Kains, N., Kerins, E., Liebig, C., Mancini, L., Mathiasen, M., Penny, M. T., Proft, S., Rahvar, S., Ricci, D., Sahu, K. C., Scarpetta, G., Schafer, S., Schonebeck, F., Snodgrass, C., Southworth, J., Surdej, J., and Wambsgans, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We analyze MOA-2010-BLG-311, a high magnification (A_max>600) microlensing event with complete data coverage over the peak, making it very sensitive to planetary signals. We fit this event with both a point lens and a 2-body lens model and find that the 2-body lens model is a better fit but with only Delta chi^2~80. The preferred mass ratio between the lens star and its companion is $q=10^(-3.7+/-0.1), placing the candidate companion in the planetary regime. Despite the formal significance of the planet, we show that because of systematics in the data the evidence for a planetary companion to the lens is too tenuous to claim a secure detection. When combined with analyses of other high-magnification events, this event helps empirically define the threshold for reliable planet detection in high-magnification events, which remains an open question., Comment: 29 pages, 6 Figures, 3 Tables. For a brief video presentation on this paper, please see http://www.youtube.com/user/OSUAstronomy 10/25/2012 - Updated author list. Replaced 10/10/13 to reflect the version published in ApJ

Published
2012
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23. MOA-2010-BLG-477Lb: constraining the mass of a microlensing planet from microlensing parallax, orbital motion and detection of blended light

Author

Bachelet, E., Shin, I. -G., Han, C., Fouqué, P., Gould, A., Menzies, J. W., Beaulieu, J. -P., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Dong, Subo, Heyrovský, D., Marquette, J. B., Marshall, J., Skowron, J., Street, R. A., Sumi, T., Udalski, A., Abe, L., Agabi, K., Albrow, M. D., Allen, W., Bertin, E., Bos, M., Bramich, D. M., Chavez, J., Christie, G. W., Cole, A. A., Crouzet, N., Dieters, S., Dominik, M., Drummond, J., Greenhill, J., Guillot, T., Henderson, C. B., Hessman, F. V., Horne, K., Hundertmark, M., Johnson, J. A., Jørgensen, U. G., Kandori, R., Liebig, C., Mékarnia, D., McCormick, J., Moorhouse, D., Nagayama, T., Nataf, D., Natusch, T., Nishiyama, S., Rivet, J. -P., Sahu, K. C., Shvartzvald, Y., Thornley, G., Tomczak, A. R., Tsapras, Y., Yee, J. C., Batista, V., Bennett, C. S., Brillant, S., Caldwell, J. A. R., Cassan, A., Corrales, E., Coutures, C., Prester, D. Dominis, Donatowicz, J., Kubas, D., Martin, R., Williams, A., Zub, M., de Almeida, L. Andrade, DePoy, D. L., Gaudi, B. S., Hung, L. -W., Jablonski, F., Kaspi, S., Klein, N., Lee, C. -U., Lee, Y., Koo, J. -R., Maoz, D., Muñoz, J. A., Pogge, R. W., Polishook, D., Shporer, A., Abe, F., Botzler, C. S., Chote, P., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Furusawa, K., Harris, P., Itow, Y., Kobara, S., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Miyake, N., Ohmori, K., Ohnishi, K., Rattenbury, N. J., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Suzuki, D., Sweatman, W. L., Tristram, P. J., Wada, K., Yock, P. C. M., Szymański, M. K., Soszyński, I., Kubiak, M., Poleski, R., Ulaczyk, K., Pietrzyński, G., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Kains, N., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I. A., Alsubai, K. A., Bozza, V., Browne, P., Burgdorf, M. J., Novati, S. Calchi, Dodds, P., Dreizler, S., Finet, F., Gerner, T., Hardis, S., Harpsøe, K., Hinse, T. C., Kerins, E., Mancini, L., Mathiasen, M., Penny, M. T., Proft, S., Rahvar, S., Ricci, D., Scarpetta, G., Schäfer, S., Schönebeck, F., Southworth, J., Surdej, J., and Wambsganss, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Microlensing detections of cool planets are important for the construction of an unbiased sample to estimate the frequency of planets beyond the snow line, which is where giant planets are thought to form according to the core accretion theory of planet formation. In this paper, we report the discovery of a giant planet detected from the analysis of the light curve of a high-magnification microlensing event MOA-2010-BLG-477. The measured planet-star mass ratio is $q=(2.181\pm0.004)\times 10^{-3}$ and the projected separation is $s=1.1228\pm0.0006$ in units of the Einstein radius. The angular Einstein radius is unusually large $\theta_{\rm E}=1.38\pm 0.11$ mas. Combining this measurement with constraints on the "microlens parallax" and the lens flux, we can only limit the host mass to the range $0.13

Published
2012
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25. Raman spectroscopy of (K,Na)NbO3 and ((K,Na)1-xLix)NbO3

Author

Trodahl, H. J., Klein, N., Damjanovic, D., Setter, N., Ludbrook, B., Rytz, D., and Kuball, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

A Raman scattering spectroscopy study is reported through all four phases of a (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 crystal and ((K0.5Na0.5)1-xLix)NbO3 for x=0.02 and 0.03. The transitions among the ferroelectric phases in the Li-free crystal are homogeneous and strongly hysteretic, with no evidence of a mixed-phase region between the rhombohedral and orthorhombic phases. The Raman pattern in the lowest-temperature phase in the Li-doped material differs significantly from that found for x=0 and suggest a structural phase boundary exists at for a Li concentration of less than 2%.

Published
2008
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26. Time saving automation for ARR2016

Author

Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium (2018 : Melbourne), Brakell, K, Sercombe, J, Whiteley, D, Redfern, S, and Klein, N

Published
2018

27. Correlation of microwave surface impedance of MgB_2 thin film with material parameters and a temperature niche for microwave applications

Author

Jin, B. B., Dahm, T., Iniotakis, C., Gubin, A. I., Choi, Eun-Mi, Kim, Hyun Jung, Lee, Sung-Ik, Kang, W. N., Wang, S. F., Zhou, Y. L., Pogrebnyakov, A. V., Redwing, J. M., Xi, X. X., and Klein, N.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

Two issues related to the microwave surface impedance Z_s of MgB_2 thin film are discussed in this Letter, both being significant for potential microwave applications. At first, a correlation between Zs and Alpha = Xi/l was found, where Xi is the coherence length, and l is the mean free path. The surface resistance Rs decreases with Alpha at moderate and large values of Alpha and saturates when Alpha approaches one. The values of the penetration depth at zero temperature Lamda(0) for different films could be well fitted by Lamda_L (1+Alpha)^(1/2), yielding a London penetration depth Lamda_L of 33.6 nm. The second issue is to find a temperature niche for possible microwave applications. Between 10K and 15K, our best MgB_2 films possess the lowest Rs values compared with other superconductors such as NbN, Nb3Sn and the high-temperature superconductor YBCO., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Applied Physics Letters

Published
2004

28. Anomalous microwave conductivity coherence peak in c-axis MgB2 thin film

Author

Jin, B. B., Dahm, T., Gubin, A. I., Choi, Eun-Mi, Kim, Hyun Jung, Lee, Sung-IK, Kang, W. N., and Klein, N.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

The temperature dependence of the real part of the microwave complex conductivity at 17.9 GHz obtained from surface impedance measurements of two c-axis oriented MgB2 thin films reveals a pronounced maximum at a temperature around 0.6 times the critical temperature. Calculations in the frame of a two-band model based on Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory suggest that this maximum corresponds to an anomalous coherence peak resembling the two-gap nature of MgB2. Our model assumes there is no interband impurity scattering and a weak interband pairing interaction, as suggested by bandstructure calculations. In addition, the observation of a coherence peak indicates that the pi-band is in the dirty limit and dominates the total conductivity of our films, Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. Lett

Published
2003
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29. Energy gap, penetration depth and surface resistance of MgB2 thin films determined by microwave resonator mesurements

Author

Jin, B. B., Klein, N., Kang, W. N., Kim, Hyeong-Jin, Choi, Eun-Mi, and Lee, Sung-Ik

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

We have measured the temperature dependence of the microwave surface impedance Zs = Rs + i\Omega\mu_0 \Lamda of two c-axis oriented MgB2 films at a frequency \Omega /(2\pi) of 17.9 GHz employing a dielectric (sapphire) resonator technique. The temperature dependence of the magnetic field penetration depth \Lamda can be well fitted from 5 K close to Tc by the standard BCS integral expression assuming the reduced energy gap Delta(0)/kTc to be as low as 1.13 and 1.03 for the two samples. For the penetration depth at zero temperatures, values of 110 nm and 115 nm were determined from the fit. Our results clearly indicates the s-wave character of the order parameter. The temperature dependence of the surface resistance Rs below Tc/2 is consistent with the low value of the energy gap. The surface resistance below 8 K was found to be below the resolution limit of 100 microOhm of our measurement technique., Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures,submitted to PRL

Published
2001
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30. Energy gap and London penetration depth of MgB_2 films determined by microwave resonator measurement

Author

Klein, N., Jin, B. B., Schubert, J., Schuster, M., Yi, H. R., Pimenov, A., Loidl, A., and Krasnosvobodtsev, S. I.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

We have measured the temperature dependence of the microwave surface impedance Z_s = R_s + i\Omega\mu_0 of a MgB2 film at a frequency \Omega /2\Pi of 18 GHz employing a dielectric resonator technique. We found that the temperature dependence of the magnetic field penetration depth \Lamda can be fitted by \Lamda(T)= \Lamda(0) [1-(T/Tc)^2] ^(-1/2) with \Lamda(0)=(260 +/- 20)nm. The absolute value of \Lamda(0) was confirmed by direct measurements employing submillimeter wave transmission spectroscopy at 430 GHz. The analysis of the \Lamda(T) data below Tc/2 revealed significant deviations from the quadratic temperature dependence. In contrast, we found that an exponential temperature dependence fits the experimental data within the statistical measurement error for temperature changes of \Lamda of +/- 0.4 nm. This observation indicates thermal excitation of quasiparticles over a finite energy gap of (3.3 +/- 0.3) meV corresponding to \Delta /kTc = 1.2 +/- 0.1. Our results strongly supports a multipgap or a strongly anisotropic gap and the absence of nodes in the gap function., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PRL

Published
2001

31. Decreased dopamine activity predicts relapse in methamphetamine abusers

Author

Wang, GJ, Smith, L, Volkow, ND, Telang, F, Logan, J, Tomasi, D, Wong, CT, Hoffman, W, Jayne, M, Alia-Klein, N, Thanos, P, and Fowler, JS

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Methamphetamine, Neurosciences, Brain Disorders, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Substance Misuse, Clinical Research, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Amphetamine-Related Disorders, Carbon Radioisotopes, Case-Control Studies, Corpus Striatum, Dopamine, Female, Humans, Male, Methylphenidate, Positron-Emission Tomography, Raclopride, Receptors, Dopamine D2, Recurrence, Time Factors, dopamine release, early withdrawal, methamphetamine, positron emission tomography, relapse, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry, Clinical sciences, Biological psychology, Clinical and health psychology
Abstract

Studies in methamphetamine (METH) abusers showed that the decreases in brain dopamine (DA) function might recover with protracted detoxification. However, the extent to which striatal DA function in METH predicts recovery has not been evaluated. Here we assessed whether striatal DA activity in METH abusers is associated with clinical outcomes. Brain DA D2 receptor (D2R) availability was measured with positron emission tomography and [(11)C]raclopride in 16 METH abusers, both after placebo and after challenge with 60 mg oral methylphenidate (MPH) (to measure DA release) to assess whether it predicted clinical outcomes. For this purpose, METH abusers were tested within 6 months of last METH use and then followed up for 9 months of abstinence. In parallel, 15 healthy controls were tested. METH abusers had lower D2R availability in caudate than in controls. Both METH abusers and controls showed decreased striatal D2R availability after MPH and these decreases were smaller in METH than in controls in left putamen. The six METH abusers who relapsed during the follow-up period had lower D2R availability in dorsal striatum than in controls, and had no D2R changes after MPH challenge. The 10 METH abusers who completed detoxification did not differ from controls neither in striatal D2R availability nor in MPH-induced striatal DA changes. These results provide preliminary evidence that low striatal DA function in METH abusers is associated with a greater likelihood of relapse during treatment. Detection of the extent of DA dysfunction may be helpful in predicting therapeutic outcomes.

Published
2012

32. Motivation deficit in ADHD is associated with dysfunction of the dopamine reward pathway

Author

Volkow, ND, Wang, G-J, Newcorn, JH, Kollins, SH, Wigal, TL, Telang, F, Fowler, JS, Goldstein, RZ, Klein, N, Logan, J, Wong, C, and Swanson, JM

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Applied and Developmental Psychology, Biological Psychology, Social and Personality Psychology, Psychology, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mental Health, Pediatric, Brain Disorders, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Neurosciences, Clinical Research, Biomedical Imaging, Behavioral and Social Science, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Aetiology, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Carbon Radioisotopes, Cocaine, Dopamine, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Dopaminergic Neurons, Female, Humans, Male, Mesencephalon, Motivation, Nucleus Accumbens, Personality Inventory, Positron-Emission Tomography, Raclopride, Radiopharmaceuticals, Receptors, Dopamine D2, Receptors, Dopamine D3, Reward, attention, brain imaging, catecholamines, personality, psychiatric disorder, PET, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry, Clinical sciences, Biological psychology, Clinical and health psychology
Abstract

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is typically characterized as a disorder of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity but there is increasing evidence of deficits in motivation. Using positron emission tomography (PET), we showed decreased function in the brain dopamine reward pathway in adults with ADHD, which, we hypothesized, could underlie the motivation deficits in this disorder. To evaluate this hypothesis, we performed secondary analyses to assess the correlation between the PET measures of dopamine D2/D3 receptor and dopamine transporter availability (obtained with [(11)C]raclopride and [(11)C]cocaine, respectively) in the dopamine reward pathway (midbrain and nucleus accumbens) and a surrogate measure of trait motivation (assessed using the Achievement scale on the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire or MPQ) in 45 ADHD participants and 41 controls. The Achievement scale was lower in ADHD participants than in controls (11±5 vs 14±3, P

Published
2011

34. Embolization of percutaneous left atrial appendage closure devices: timing, management and associated clinical outcomes

Author

Eppinger, S, primary, Piayda, K, additional, Rodes-Cabau, J, additional, Klein, N, additional, Sabir, S A, additional, Kim, J S, additional, Cook, S, additional, Kornowski, R, additional, Nielsen-Kudsk, J E, additional, Gupta, D, additional, Boersma, L, additional, Raeber, L, additional, Sievert, K, additional, Bertog, S, additional, and Sievert, H, additional

Published
2023
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35. Incidence of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy in a multicenter multinational WCD cohort

Author

Erath, J W, primary, Koepsel, K K, additional, Kovacs, B K, additional, Dreher, T D, additional, Blockhaus, C B, additional, Grotzmann, M G, additional, Klein, N K, additional, Hijazi, M H, additional, Saguner, A S, additional, Kowitz, J K, additional, Duru, F D, additional, Beiert, T B, additional, Aweimer, A A, additional, Akin, I A, additional, and El-Battrawy, I B, additional

Published
2023
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36. Wearable cardioverter defibrillator after ICD-system explantation: data from a multicenter registry

Author

El-Battrawy, I, primary, Beiert, T, additional, Koepsel, K, additional, Kovacs, B, additional, Blockhaus, C, additional, Klein, N, additional, Kuntz, T, additional, Shin, D I, additional, Abumayyaleh, M, additional, Saguner, A M, additional, Erath, J W, additional, Duru, F, additional, Muegge, A, additional, Akin, I, additional, and Aweimer, A, additional

Published
2023
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37. The use of wearable cardioverter defibrillator among patients suffering from myocarditis: data from a multicenter registry

Author

El-Battrawy, I, primary, Koepsel, K, additional, Kovacs, B, additional, Blockhaus, C, additional, Gotzmann, M, additional, Klein, N, additional, Shin, D I, additional, Abumayyaleh, M, additional, Saguner, A M, additional, Erath, J W, additional, Duru, F, additional, Muegge, A, additional, Aweimer, A, additional, Akin, I, additional, and Beiert, T, additional

Published
2023
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40. Author Correction: Common and rare variant association analyses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identify 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology (Nature Genetics, (2021), 53, 12, (1636-1648), 10.1038/s41588-021-00973-1)

Author

van Rheenen W., van Rheenen, W, van der Spek, R, Bakker, M, van Vugt, J, Hop, P, Zwamborn, R, de Klein, N, Westra, H, Bakker, O, Deelen, P, Shireby, G, Hannon, E, Moisse, M, Baird, D, Restuadi, R, Dolzhenko, E, Dekker, A, Gawor, K, Westeneng, H, Tazelaar, G, van Eijk, K, Kooyman, M, Byrne, R, Doherty, M, Heverin, M, Al Khleifat, A, Iacoangeli, A, Shatunov, A, Ticozzi, N, Cooper-Knock, J, Smith, B, Gromicho, M, Chandran, S, Pal, S, Morrison, K, Shaw, P, Hardy, J, Orrell, R, Sendtner, M, Meyer, T, Basak, N, van der Kooi, A, Ratti, A, Fogh, I, Gellera, C, Lauria, G, Corti, S, Cereda, C, Sproviero, D, D'Alfonso, S, Soraru, G, Siciliano, G, Filosto, M, Padovani, A, Chio, A, Calvo, A, Moglia, C, Brunetti, M, Canosa, A, Grassano, M, Beghi, E, Pupillo, E, Logroscino, G, Nefussy, B, Osmanovic, A, Nordin, A, Lerner, Y, Zabari, M, Gotkine, M, Baloh, R, Bell, S, Vourc'H, P, Corcia, P, Couratier, P, Millecamps, S, Meininger, V, Salachas, F, Mora Pardina, J, Assialioui, A, Rojas-Garcia, R, Dion, P, Ross, J, Ludolph, A, Weishaupt, J, Brenner, D, Freischmidt, A, Bensimon, G, Brice, A, Durr, A, Payan, C, Saker-Delye, S, Wood, N, Topp, S, Rademakers, R, Tittmann, L, Lieb, W, Franke, A, Ripke, S, Braun, A, Kraft, J, Whiteman, D, Olsen, C, Uitterlinden, A, Hofman, A, Rietschel, M, Cichon, S, Nothen, M, Amouyel, P, Comi, G, Riva, N, Lunetta, C, Gerardi, F, Cotelli, M, Rinaldi, F, Chiveri, L, Guaita, M, Perrone, P, Ceroni, M, Diamanti, L, Ferrarese, C, Tremolizzo, L, Delodovici, M, Bono, G, Manera, U, Vasta, R, Bombaci, A, Casale, F, Fuda, G, Salamone, P, Iazzolino, B, Peotta, L, Cugnasco, P, De Marco, G, Torrieri, M, Palumbo, F, Gallone, S, Barberis, M, Sbaiz, L, Gentile, S, Mauro, A, Mazzini, L, De Marchi, F, Corrado, L, Bertolotto, A, Gionco, M, Leotta, D, Odddenino, E, Imperiale, D, Cavallo, R, Pignatta, P, De Mattei, M, Geda, C, Papurello, D, Gusmaroli, G, Comi, C, Labate, C, Ruiz, L, Ferrandi, D, Rota, E, Aguggia, M, Di Vito, N, Meineri, P, Ghiglione, P, Launaro, N, Dotta, M, Di Sapio, A, Giardini, G, Tiloca, C, Peverelli, S, Taroni, F, Pensato, V, Castellotti, B, Del Bo, R, Gagliardi, S, Raggi, F, Simoncini, C, Lo Gerfo, A, Inghilleri, M, Ferlini, A, Simone, I, Passarella, B, Guerra, V, Zoccolella, S, Nozzoli, C, Mundi, C, Leone, M, Zarrelli, M, Tamma, F, Valluzzi, F, Calabrese, G, Boero, G, Rini, A, Traynor, B, Singleton, A, Mitne Neto, M, Cauchi, R, Ophoff, R, Wiedau-Pazos, M, Lomen-Hoerth, C, van Deerlin, V, Grosskreutz, J, Roediger, A, Gaur, N, Jork, A, Barthel, T, Theele, E, Ilse, B, Stubendorff, B, Witte, O, Steinbach, R, Hubner, C, Graff, C, Brylev, L, Fominykh, V, Demeshonok, V, Ataulina, A, Rogelj, B, Koritnik, B, Zidar, J, Ravnik-Glavac, M, Glavac, D, Stevic, Z, Drory, V, Povedano, M, Blair, I, Kiernan, M, Benyamin, B, Henderson, R, Furlong, S, Mathers, S, Mccombe, P, Needham, M, Ngo, S, Nicholson, G, Pamphlett, R, Rowe, D, Steyn, F, Williams, K, Mather, K, Sachdev, P, Henders, A, Wallace, L, de Carvalho, M, Pinto, S, Petri, S, Weber, M, Rouleau, G, Silani, V, Curtis, C, Breen, G, Glass, J, Brown, R, Landers, J, Shaw, C, Andersen, P, Groen, E, van Es, M, Pasterkamp, R, Fan, D, Garton, F, Mcrae, A, Davey Smith, G, Gaunt, T, Eberle, M, Mill, J, Mclaughlin, R, Hardiman, O, Kenna, K, Wray, N, Tsai, E, Runz, H, Franke, L, Al-Chalabi, A, Van Damme, P, van den Berg, L, Veldink, J, van Rheenen W., van der Spek R. A. A., Bakker M. K., van Vugt J. J. F. A., Hop P. J., Zwamborn R. A. J., de Klein N., Westra H. -J., Bakker O. B., Deelen P., Shireby G., Hannon E., Moisse M., Baird D., Restuadi R., Dolzhenko E., Dekker A. M., Gawor K., Westeneng H. -J., Tazelaar G. H. P., van Eijk K. R., Kooyman M., Byrne R. P., Doherty M., Heverin M., Al Khleifat A., Iacoangeli A., Shatunov A., Ticozzi N., Cooper-Knock J., Smith B. N., Gromicho M., Chandran S., Pal S., Morrison K. E., Shaw P. J., Hardy J., Orrell R. W., Sendtner M., Meyer T., Basak N., van der Kooi A. J., Ratti A., Fogh I., Gellera C., Lauria G., Corti S., Cereda C., Sproviero D., D'Alfonso S., Soraru G., Siciliano G., Filosto M., Padovani A., Chio A., Calvo A., Moglia C., Brunetti M., Canosa A., Grassano M., Beghi E., Pupillo E., Logroscino G., Nefussy B., Osmanovic A., Nordin A., Lerner Y., Zabari M., Gotkine M., Baloh R. H., Bell S., Vourc'h P., Corcia P., Couratier P., Millecamps S., Meininger V., Salachas F., Mora Pardina J. S., Assialioui A., Rojas-Garcia R., Dion P. A., Ross J. P., Ludolph A. C., Weishaupt J. H., Brenner D., Freischmidt A., Bensimon G., Brice A., Durr A., Payan C. A. M., Saker-Delye S., Wood N. W., Topp S., Rademakers R., Tittmann L., Lieb W., Franke A., Ripke S., Braun A., Kraft J., Whiteman D. C., Olsen C. M., Uitterlinden A. G., Hofman A., Rietschel M., Cichon S., Nothen M. M., Amouyel P., Comi G., Riva N., Lunetta C., Gerardi F., Cotelli M. S., Rinaldi F., Chiveri L., Guaita M. C., Perrone P., Ceroni M., Diamanti L., Ferrarese C., Tremolizzo L., Delodovici M. L., Bono G., Manera U., Vasta R., Bombaci A., Casale F., Fuda G., Salamone P., Iazzolino B., Peotta L., Cugnasco P., De Marco G., Torrieri M. C., Palumbo F., Gallone S., Barberis M., Sbaiz L., Gentile S., Mauro A., Mazzini L., De Marchi F., Corrado L., Bertolotto A., Gionco M., Leotta D., Odddenino E., Imperiale D., Cavallo R., Pignatta P., De Mattei M., Geda C., Papurello D. M., Gusmaroli G., Comi C., Labate C., Ruiz L., Ferrandi D., Rota E., Aguggia M., Di Vito N., Meineri P., Ghiglione P., Launaro N., Dotta M., Di Sapio A., Giardini G., Tiloca C., Peverelli S., Taroni F., Pensato V., Castellotti B., Comi G. P., Del Bo R., Gagliardi S., Raggi F., Simoncini C., Lo Gerfo A., Inghilleri M., Ferlini A., Simone I. L., Passarella B., Guerra V., Zoccolella S., Nozzoli C., Mundi C., Leone M., Zarrelli M., Tamma F., Valluzzi F., Calabrese G., Boero G., Rini A., Traynor B. J., Singleton A. B., Mitne Neto M., Cauchi R. J., Ophoff R. A., Wiedau-Pazos M., Lomen-Hoerth C., van Deerlin V. M., Grosskreutz J., Roediger A., Gaur N., Jork A., Barthel T., Theele E., Ilse B., Stubendorff B., Witte O. W., Steinbach R., Hubner C. A., Graff C., Brylev L., Fominykh V., Demeshonok V., Ataulina A., Rogelj B., Koritnik B., Zidar J., Ravnik-Glavac M., Glavac D., Stevic Z., Drory V., Povedano M., Blair I. P., Kiernan M. C., Benyamin B., Henderson R. D., Furlong S., Mathers S., McCombe P. A., Needham M., Ngo S. T., Nicholson G. A., Pamphlett R., Rowe D. B., Steyn F. J., Williams K. L., Mather K. A., Sachdev P. S., Henders A. K., Wallace L., de Carvalho M., Pinto S., Petri S., Weber M., Rouleau G. A., Silani V., Curtis C. J., Breen G., Glass J. D., Brown R. H., Landers J. E., Shaw C. E., Andersen P. M., Groen E. J. N., van Es M. A., Pasterkamp R. J., Fan D., Garton F. C., McRae A. F., Davey Smith G., Gaunt T. R., Eberle M. A., Mill J., McLaughlin R. L., Hardiman O., Kenna K. P., Wray N. R., Tsai E., Runz H., Franke L., Al-Chalabi A., Van Damme P., van den Berg L. H., Veldink J. H., van Rheenen W., van Rheenen, W, van der Spek, R, Bakker, M, van Vugt, J, Hop, P, Zwamborn, R, de Klein, N, Westra, H, Bakker, O, Deelen, P, Shireby, G, Hannon, E, Moisse, M, Baird, D, Restuadi, R, Dolzhenko, E, Dekker, A, Gawor, K, Westeneng, H, Tazelaar, G, van Eijk, K, Kooyman, M, Byrne, R, Doherty, M, Heverin, M, Al Khleifat, A, Iacoangeli, A, Shatunov, A, Ticozzi, N, Cooper-Knock, J, Smith, B, Gromicho, M, Chandran, S, Pal, S, Morrison, K, Shaw, P, Hardy, J, Orrell, R, Sendtner, M, Meyer, T, Basak, N, van der Kooi, A, Ratti, A, Fogh, I, Gellera, C, Lauria, G, Corti, S, Cereda, C, Sproviero, D, D'Alfonso, S, Soraru, G, Siciliano, G, Filosto, M, Padovani, A, Chio, A, Calvo, A, Moglia, C, Brunetti, M, Canosa, A, Grassano, M, Beghi, E, Pupillo, E, Logroscino, G, Nefussy, B, Osmanovic, A, Nordin, A, Lerner, Y, Zabari, M, Gotkine, M, Baloh, R, Bell, S, Vourc'H, P, Corcia, P, Couratier, P, Millecamps, S, Meininger, V, Salachas, F, Mora Pardina, J, Assialioui, A, Rojas-Garcia, R, Dion, P, Ross, J, Ludolph, A, Weishaupt, J, Brenner, D, Freischmidt, A, Bensimon, G, Brice, A, Durr, A, Payan, C, Saker-Delye, S, Wood, N, Topp, S, Rademakers, R, Tittmann, L, Lieb, W, Franke, A, Ripke, S, Braun, A, Kraft, J, Whiteman, D, Olsen, C, Uitterlinden, A, Hofman, A, Rietschel, M, Cichon, S, Nothen, M, Amouyel, P, Comi, G, Riva, N, Lunetta, C, Gerardi, F, Cotelli, M, Rinaldi, F, Chiveri, L, Guaita, M, Perrone, P, Ceroni, M, Diamanti, L, Ferrarese, C, Tremolizzo, L, Delodovici, M, Bono, G, Manera, U, Vasta, R, Bombaci, A, Casale, F, Fuda, G, Salamone, P, Iazzolino, B, Peotta, L, Cugnasco, P, De Marco, G, Torrieri, M, Palumbo, F, Gallone, S, Barberis, M, Sbaiz, L, Gentile, S, Mauro, A, Mazzini, L, De Marchi, F, Corrado, L, Bertolotto, A, Gionco, M, Leotta, D, Odddenino, E, Imperiale, D, Cavallo, R, Pignatta, P, De Mattei, M, Geda, C, Papurello, D, Gusmaroli, G, Comi, C, Labate, C, Ruiz, L, Ferrandi, D, Rota, E, Aguggia, M, Di Vito, N, Meineri, P, Ghiglione, P, Launaro, N, Dotta, M, Di Sapio, A, Giardini, G, Tiloca, C, Peverelli, S, Taroni, F, Pensato, V, Castellotti, B, Del Bo, R, Gagliardi, S, Raggi, F, Simoncini, C, Lo Gerfo, A, Inghilleri, M, Ferlini, A, Simone, I, Passarella, B, Guerra, V, Zoccolella, S, Nozzoli, C, Mundi, C, Leone, M, Zarrelli, M, Tamma, F, Valluzzi, F, Calabrese, G, Boero, G, Rini, A, Traynor, B, Singleton, A, Mitne Neto, M, Cauchi, R, Ophoff, R, Wiedau-Pazos, M, Lomen-Hoerth, C, van Deerlin, V, Grosskreutz, J, Roediger, A, Gaur, N, Jork, A, Barthel, T, Theele, E, Ilse, B, Stubendorff, B, Witte, O, Steinbach, R, Hubner, C, Graff, C, Brylev, L, Fominykh, V, Demeshonok, V, Ataulina, A, Rogelj, B, Koritnik, B, Zidar, J, Ravnik-Glavac, M, Glavac, D, Stevic, Z, Drory, V, Povedano, M, Blair, I, Kiernan, M, Benyamin, B, Henderson, R, Furlong, S, Mathers, S, Mccombe, P, Needham, M, Ngo, S, Nicholson, G, Pamphlett, R, Rowe, D, Steyn, F, Williams, K, Mather, K, Sachdev, P, Henders, A, Wallace, L, de Carvalho, M, Pinto, S, Petri, S, Weber, M, Rouleau, G, Silani, V, Curtis, C, Breen, G, Glass, J, Brown, R, Landers, J, Shaw, C, Andersen, P, Groen, E, van Es, M, Pasterkamp, R, Fan, D, Garton, F, Mcrae, A, Davey Smith, G, Gaunt, T, Eberle, M, Mill, J, Mclaughlin, R, Hardiman, O, Kenna, K, Wray, N, Tsai, E, Runz, H, Franke, L, Al-Chalabi, A, Van Damme, P, van den Berg, L, Veldink, J, van Rheenen W., van der Spek R. A. A., Bakker M. K., van Vugt J. J. F. A., Hop P. J., Zwamborn R. A. J., de Klein N., Westra H. -J., Bakker O. B., Deelen P., Shireby G., Hannon E., Moisse M., Baird D., Restuadi R., Dolzhenko E., Dekker A. M., Gawor K., Westeneng H. -J., Tazelaar G. H. P., van Eijk K. R., Kooyman M., Byrne R. P., Doherty M., Heverin M., Al Khleifat A., Iacoangeli A., Shatunov A., Ticozzi N., Cooper-Knock J., Smith B. N., Gromicho M., Chandran S., Pal S., Morrison K. E., Shaw P. J., Hardy J., Orrell R. W., Sendtner M., Meyer T., Basak N., van der Kooi A. J., Ratti A., Fogh I., Gellera C., Lauria G., Corti S., Cereda C., Sproviero D., D'Alfonso S., Soraru G., Siciliano G., Filosto M., Padovani A., Chio A., Calvo A., Moglia C., Brunetti M., Canosa A., Grassano M., Beghi E., Pupillo E., Logroscino G., Nefussy B., Osmanovic A., Nordin A., Lerner Y., Zabari M., Gotkine M., Baloh R. H., Bell S., Vourc'h P., Corcia P., Couratier P., Millecamps S., Meininger V., Salachas F., Mora Pardina J. S., Assialioui A., Rojas-Garcia R., Dion P. A., Ross J. P., Ludolph A. C., Weishaupt J. H., Brenner D., Freischmidt A., Bensimon G., Brice A., Durr A., Payan C. A. M., Saker-Delye S., Wood N. W., Topp S., Rademakers R., Tittmann L., Lieb W., Franke A., Ripke S., Braun A., Kraft J., Whiteman D. C., Olsen C. M., Uitterlinden A. G., Hofman A., Rietschel M., Cichon S., Nothen M. M., Amouyel P., Comi G., Riva N., Lunetta C., Gerardi F., Cotelli M. S., Rinaldi F., Chiveri L., Guaita M. C., Perrone P., Ceroni M., Diamanti L., Ferrarese C., Tremolizzo L., Delodovici M. L., Bono G., Manera U., Vasta R., Bombaci A., Casale F., Fuda G., Salamone P., Iazzolino B., Peotta L., Cugnasco P., De Marco G., Torrieri M. C., Palumbo F., Gallone S., Barberis M., Sbaiz L., Gentile S., Mauro A., Mazzini L., De Marchi F., Corrado L., Bertolotto A., Gionco M., Leotta D., Odddenino E., Imperiale D., Cavallo R., Pignatta P., De Mattei M., Geda C., Papurello D. M., Gusmaroli G., Comi C., Labate C., Ruiz L., Ferrandi D., Rota E., Aguggia M., Di Vito N., Meineri P., Ghiglione P., Launaro N., Dotta M., Di Sapio A., Giardini G., Tiloca C., Peverelli S., Taroni F., Pensato V., Castellotti B., Comi G. P., Del Bo R., Gagliardi S., Raggi F., Simoncini C., Lo Gerfo A., Inghilleri M., Ferlini A., Simone I. L., Passarella B., Guerra V., Zoccolella S., Nozzoli C., Mundi C., Leone M., Zarrelli M., Tamma F., Valluzzi F., Calabrese G., Boero G., Rini A., Traynor B. J., Singleton A. B., Mitne Neto M., Cauchi R. J., Ophoff R. A., Wiedau-Pazos M., Lomen-Hoerth C., van Deerlin V. M., Grosskreutz J., Roediger A., Gaur N., Jork A., Barthel T., Theele E., Ilse B., Stubendorff B., Witte O. W., Steinbach R., Hubner C. A., Graff C., Brylev L., Fominykh V., Demeshonok V., Ataulina A., Rogelj B., Koritnik B., Zidar J., Ravnik-Glavac M., Glavac D., Stevic Z., Drory V., Povedano M., Blair I. P., Kiernan M. C., Benyamin B., Henderson R. D., Furlong S., Mathers S., McCombe P. A., Needham M., Ngo S. T., Nicholson G. A., Pamphlett R., Rowe D. B., Steyn F. J., Williams K. L., Mather K. A., Sachdev P. S., Henders A. K., Wallace L., de Carvalho M., Pinto S., Petri S., Weber M., Rouleau G. A., Silani V., Curtis C. J., Breen G., Glass J. D., Brown R. H., Landers J. E., Shaw C. E., Andersen P. M., Groen E. J. N., van Es M. A., Pasterkamp R. J., Fan D., Garton F. C., McRae A. F., Davey Smith G., Gaunt T. R., Eberle M. A., Mill J., McLaughlin R. L., Hardiman O., Kenna K. P., Wray N. R., Tsai E., Runz H., Franke L., Al-Chalabi A., Van Damme P., van den Berg L. H., and Veldink J. H.

Abstract

In the version of this article initially published, the affiliation for Nazli Başak appeared incorrectly. Nazli Başak is at Koç University, School of Medicine, KUTTAM-NDAL, Istanbul, Turkey, and not Bogazici University. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

Published
2022

42. Farm structure and environmental context drive farmers’ decisions on the spatial distribution of ecological focus areas in Germany

Author

Alarcón‑Segura, V., Roilo, S., Paulus, A., Beckmann, M., Klein, N., Cord, A. F., Alarcón‑Segura, V., Roilo, S., Paulus, A., Beckmann, M., Klein, N., and Cord, A. F.

Abstract

Context: Ecological Focus Areas (EFAs) were designed as part of the greening strategy of the common agricultural policy to conserve biodiversity in European farmland, prevent soil erosion and improve soil quality. Farmers receive economic support if they dedicate at least 5% of their arable farmland to any type of EFA, which can be selected from a list of options drawn up at the European Union level. However, EFAs have been criticized for failing to achieve their environmental goals and being ineffective in conserving farmland biodiversity, mainly because they are not spatially targeted and because they promote economic rather than ecological considerations in farm management decisions. Objectives: We used a spatially explicit approach to assess the influence of farm and field context as well as field terrain and soil conditions on the likelihood of whether or not a particular EFA type was implemented in a field. Methods: We used a multinomial model approach using field-level land use and management data from 879 farms that complied with the EFA policy in 2019 in the Mulde River Basin in Saxony, Germany. Geospatial environmental information was used to assess which predictor variables (related to farm context, field context or field terrain and soil conditions) increased the probability of a field being assigned to a particular EFA. We tested the hypothesis that productive EFAs are more often implemented on fields that are more suitable for agricultural production and that EFA options that are considered more valuable for biodiversity (e.g. non-productive EFAs) are allocated on fields that are less suitable for agricultural production. Results: We found that farms embedded in landscapes with a low proportion of small woody features or nature conservation areas mainly fulfilled the EFA policy with productive EFAs (e.g. nitrogen fixing crops). Conversely, farms with a higher proportion of small woody features or nature conservation areas were more likely to adopt non

Published
2023

43. Neuropsychiatric manifestations and sleep disturbances with dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy versus standard of care in children and adolescents: a secondary analysis of the ODYSSEY trial

Author

Turkova, A., White, E., Kekitiinwa, A.R., Mumbiro, V., Kaudha, E., Liberty, A., Ahimbisibwe, G.M., Moloantoa, T., Srirompotong, U., Mosia, N.R., Puthanakit, T., Kobbe, R., Fortuny, C., Kataike, H., Bbuye, D., Na-Rajsima, S., Coelho, A., Lugemwa, A., Bwakura-Dangarembizi, M.F., Klein, N., Mujuru, H.A., Kityo, C., Cotton, M.F., Ferrand, R.A., Giaquinto, C., Rojo, P., Violari, A., Burger, D.M., Colbers, A.P., Gibb, D.M., Ford, D., Turkova, A., White, E., Kekitiinwa, A.R., Mumbiro, V., Kaudha, E., Liberty, A., Ahimbisibwe, G.M., Moloantoa, T., Srirompotong, U., Mosia, N.R., Puthanakit, T., Kobbe, R., Fortuny, C., Kataike, H., Bbuye, D., Na-Rajsima, S., Coelho, A., Lugemwa, A., Bwakura-Dangarembizi, M.F., Klein, N., Mujuru, H.A., Kityo, C., Cotton, M.F., Ferrand, R.A., Giaquinto, C., Rojo, P., Violari, A., Burger, D.M., Colbers, A.P., Gibb, D.M., and Ford, D.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, BACKGROUND: Cohort studies in adults with HIV showed that dolutegravir was associated with neuropsychiatric adverse events and sleep problems, yet data are scarce in children and adolescents. We aimed to evaluate neuropsychiatric manifestations in children and adolescents treated with dolutegravir-based treatment versus alternative antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of ODYSSEY, an open-label, multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority trial, in which adolescents and children initiating first-line or second-line antiretroviral therapy were randomly assigned 1:1 to dolutegravir-based treatment or standard-of-care treatment. We assessed neuropsychiatric adverse events (reported by clinicians) and responses to the mood and sleep questionnaires (reported by the participant or their carer) in both groups. We compared the proportions of patients with neuropsychiatric adverse events (neurological, psychiatric, and total), time to first neuropsychiatric adverse event, and participant-reported responses to questionnaires capturing issues with mood, suicidal thoughts, and sleep problems. FINDINGS: Between Sept 20, 2016, and June 22, 2018, 707 participants were enrolled, of whom 345 (49%) were female and 362 (51%) were male, and 623 (88%) were Black-African. Of 707 participants, 350 (50%) were randomly assigned to dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy and 357 (50%) to non-dolutegravir-based standard-of-care. 311 (44%) of 707 participants started first-line antiretroviral therapy (ODYSSEY-A; 145 [92%] of 157 participants had efavirenz-based therapy in the standard-of-care group), and 396 (56%) of 707 started second-line therapy (ODYSSEY-B; 195 [98%] of 200 had protease inhibitor-based therapy in the standard-of-care group). During follow-up (median 142 weeks, IQR 124-159), 23 participants had 31 neuropsychiatric adverse events (15 in the dolutegravir group and eight in the standard-of-care group; difference in proportion of participants with ≥1 event

Published
2023

44. Comparative bone histology of two thalattosaurians (Diapsida: Thalattosauria): Askeptosaurus italicus from the Alpine Triassic (Middle Triassic) and a Thalattosauroidea indet. from the Carnian of Oregon (Late Triassic)

Author

Klein, N; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3638-1194, Sander, P M; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4981-4307, Liu, J; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7859-5209, Druckenmiller, P; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5137-8378, Metz, E T; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7106-0586, Kelley, N P; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1320-7783, Scheyer, T M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6301-8983, Klein, N; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3638-1194, Sander, P M; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4981-4307, Liu, J; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7859-5209, Druckenmiller, P; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5137-8378, Metz, E T; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7106-0586, Kelley, N P; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1320-7783, and Scheyer, T M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6301-8983

Abstract

Here, we present the first bone histological and microanatomical study of thalattosaurians, an enigmatic group among Triassic marine reptiles. Two taxa of thalattosaurians, the askeptosauroid Askeptosaurus italicus and one as yet undescribed thalattosauroid, are examined. Both taxa have a rather different microanatomy, tissue type, and growth pattern. Askeptosaurus italicus from the late Anisian middle Besano Formation of the southern Alpine Triassic shows very compact tissue in vertebrae, rib, a gastralium, and femora, and all bones are without medullary cavities. The tissue shows moderate to low vascularization, dominated by highly organized and very coarse parallel-fibred bone, resembling interwoven tissue. Vascularization is dominated by simple longitudinal vascular canals, except for the larger femur of Askeptosaurus, where simple vascular canals dominate in a radial arrangement. Growth marks stratify the cortex of femora. The vertebrae and humeri from the undescribed thalattosauroid from the late Carnian of Oregon have primary and secondary cancellous bone, resulting in an overall low bone compactness. Two dorsal vertebral centra show dominantly secondary trabeculae, whereas a caudal vertebral centrum shows much primary trabecular bone, globuli ossei, and cartilage, indicating an earlier ontogenetic stage of the specimens or paedomorphosis. The humeri of the thalattosauroid show large, simple vascular canals that are dominantly radially oriented in a scaffold of woven and loosely organized parallel-fibred tissue. Few of the simple vascular canals are thinly but only incompletely lined by parallel-fibered tissue. In the Oregon material, changes in growth rate are only indicated by changes in vascular organization but no distinct growth marks were identified. The compact bone of Askeptosaurus is best comparable to some pachypleurosaurs, whereas its combination of tissue and vascularity is similar to eosauropterygians in general, except for the coarse nature of i

Published
2023

45. The EPIICAL project: an emerging global collaboration to investigate immunotherapeutic strategies in HIV-infected children

Author

Palma, P., Foster, C., Rojo, P., Zangari, P., Yates, A., Cotugno, N., Klein, N., Luzuriaga, K., Pahwa, S., Nastouli, E., Gibb, D.M., Borkowsky, W., Bernardi, S., Calvez, V., Manno, E., Mora, Nadia, Compagnucci, A., Wahren, B., Muñoz-Fernández, M.Á, De Rossi, A., Ananworanich, J., Pillay, D., Giaquinto, C., and Rossi, P.

Published
2015
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46. Toward fabrication of devices based on graphene/oxide multilayers

Author

Wang, Y, Guerenneur, A, Ramadan, S, Huang, J, Fearn, S, Nabi, N, Klein, N, Alford, NM, and Petrov, PK

Abstract

Owing to its high electrical conductivity, low density, and flexibility, graphene has great potential for use as a building block in a wide range of applications from nanoelectronics to biosensing and high-frequency devices. For many device applications, it is required to deposit dielectric materials on graphene at high temperatures and in ambient oxygen. This has been proven to be highly challenging because these conditions cause significant degradation in graphene. In this work, we investigate the degradation of graphene at elevated temperatures in an oxygen atmosphere and possible protection mechanisms to enable the growth of oxide thin films on graphene at higher temperatures. We show that coating graphene with self-assembled monolayers of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) prior to a high-temperature deposition can significantly reduce the damage induced. Furthermore, a graphene sample treated with HMDS displayed a weaker doping effect due to weak interaction with oxygen species than bare graphene, and a much slower rate of electrical resistance degradation was exhibited during annealing. Thus, it is a promising approach that could enable the deposition of metal oxide materials on graphene at high temperatures without significant degradation in graphene quality, which is critical for a wide range of applications.

Published
2023

47. The cost?effectiveness of prophylaxis strategies for individuals with advanced HIV starting treatment in Africa

Author

Walker, Simon M., Cox, Edward, Revill, Paul, Musiime, Victor, Bwakura?Dangarembizi, Mutsa, Mallewa, Jane, Cheruiyot, Priscilla, Maitland, Kathryn, Ford, Nathan, Gibb, Diana M., Walker, A Sarah, Soares, Marta, Mugyenyi, P, Kityo, C, Musiime, V, Wavamunno, P, Nambi, E, Ocitti, P, Ndigendawani, M, Kabahenda, S, Kemigisa, M, Acen, J, Olebo, D, Mpamize, G, Amone, A, Okweny, D, Mbonye, A, Nambaziira, F, Rweyora, A, Kangah, M, Kabaswahili, V, Abach, J, Abongomera, G, Omongin, J, Aciro, I, Philliam, A, Arach, B, Ocung, E, Amone, G, Miles, P, Adong, C, Tumsuiime, C, Kidega, P, Otto, B, Apio, F, Baleeta, K, Mukuye, A, Abwola, M, Ssennono, F, Baliruno, D, Tuhirwe, S, Namisi, R, Kigongo, F, Kikyonkyo, D, Mushahara, F, Tusiime, J, Musiime, A, Nankya, A, Atwongyeire, D, Sirikye, S, Mula, S, Noowe, N, Lugemwa, A, Kasozi, M, Mwebe, S, Atwine, L, Senkindu, T, Natuhurira, T, Katemba, C, Ninsiima, E, Acaku, M, Kyomuhangi, J, Ankunda, R, Tukwasibwe, D, Ayesiga, L, Hakim, J, Nathoo, K, Bwakura?Dangarembizi, M, Reid, A, Chidziva, E, Mhute, T, Tinago, Gc, Bhiri, J, Mudzingwa, S, Phiri, M, Steamer, J, Nhema, R, Warambwa, C, Musoro, G, Mutsai, S, Nemasango, B, Moyo, C, Chitongo, S, Rashirai, K, Vhembo, S, Mlambo, B, Nkomani, S, Ndemera, B, Willard, M, Berejena, C, Musodza, Y, Matiza, P, Mudenge, B, Guti, V, Etyang, A, Agutu, C, Berkley, J, Maitland, K, Njuguna, P, Mwaringa, S, Etyang, T, Awuondo, K, Wale, S, Shangala, J, Kithunga, J, Mwarumba, S, Maitha, S Said, Mutai, R, Lewa, M Lozi, Mwambingu, G, Mwanzu, A, Kalama, C, Latham, H, Shikuku, J, Fondo, A, Njogu, A, Khadenge, C, Mwakisha, B, Siika, A, Wools?Kaloustian, K, Nyandiko, W, Cheruiyot, P, Sudoi, A, Wachira, S, Meli, B, Karoney, M, Nzioka, A, Tanui, M, Mokaya, M, Ekiru, W, Mboya, C, Mwimali, D, Mengich, C, Choge, J, Injera, W, Njenga, K, Cherutich, S, Orido, M Anyango, Lwande, G Omondi, Rutto, P, Mudogo, A, Kutto, I, Shali, A, Jaika, L, Jerotich, H, Pierre, M, Mallewa, J, Kaunda, S, Van Oosterhout, J, O'Hare, B, Heydermann, R, Gonzalez, C, Dzabala, N, Kelly, C, Denis, B, Selemani, G, Mipando, L Nyondo, Chirwa, E, Banda, P, Mvula, L, Msuku, H, Ziwoya, M, Manda, Y, Nicholas, S, Masesa, C, Mwalukomo, T, Makhaza, L, Sheha, I, Bwanali, J, Limbuni, M, Gibb, D, Thomason, M, Walker, As, Pett, S, Szubert, A, Griffiths, A, Wilkes, H, Rajapakse, C, Spyer, M, Prendergast, A, Klein, N, Rauchenberger, M, Van Looy, N, Little, E, Fairbrother, K, Cowan, F, Seeley, J, Bernays, S, Kawuma, R, Mupambireyi, Z, Kyomuhendo, F, Nakalanzi, S, Peshu, J, Ndaa, S, Chabuka, J, Mkandawire, N, Matandika, L, Kapuya, C, Weller, I, Malianga, E, Mwansambo, C, Miiro, F, Elyanu, P, Bukusi, E, Katabira, E, Mugurungi, O, Peto, T, Musoke, P, Matenga, J, Phiri, S, Lyall, H, Johnston, V, Fitzgerald, F, Post, F, Ssali, F, Arenas?Pinto, A, Turkova, A, and Bamford, A

Subjects
Diagnosis, Care and treatment, Economic aspects, Evaluation, Comparative analysis, Cost benefit analysis, Prophylaxis -- Comparative analysis -- Economic aspects, HIV infections -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment, Practice guidelines (Medicine) -- Evaluation, HIV infection -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment
Abstract

Introduction In low? and middle?income settings, more than a third of HIV?positive individuals starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) present with advanced disease (CD4 ? 200 cells/mm[sup.3] ); over half of these [...], : Introduction: Many HIV?positive individuals in Africa have advanced disease when initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) so have high risks of opportunistic infections and death. The REALITY trial found that an enhanced?prophylaxis package including fluconazole reduced mortality by 27% in individuals starting ART with CD4 Methods: The REALITY trial enrolled from June 2013 to April 2015. A decision?analytic model was developed to estimate the cost?effectiveness of six management strategies in individuals initiating ART in the REALITY trial countries. Strategies included standard?prophylaxis, enhanced?prophylaxis, standard?prophylaxis with fluconazole; and three CrAg testing strategies, the first stratifying individuals to enhanced?prophylaxis (CrAg?positive) or standard?prophylaxis (CrAg?negative), the second to enhanced?prophylaxis (CrAg?positive) or enhanced?prophylaxis without fluconazole (CrAg?negative) and the third to standard?prophylaxis with fluconazole (CrAg?positive) or without fluconazole (CrAg?negative). The model estimated costs, life?years and quality?adjusted life?years (QALY) over 48 weeks using three competing mortality risks: cryptococcal meningitis; tuberculosis, serious bacterial infection or other known cause; and unknown cause. Results: Enhanced?prophylaxis was cost?effective at cost?effectiveness thresholds of US$300 and US$500 per QALY with an incremental cost?effectiveness ratio (ICER) of US$157 per QALY in the CD4 Conclusions: The REALITY enhanced?prophylaxis package in individuals with advanced HIV starting ART reduces morbidity and mortality, is practical to administer and is cost?effective. Efforts should continue to ensure that components are accessed at lowest available prices.

Published
2020
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48. Impact of sub-optimal HIV viral control on activated T-cells: an earnest sub study

Author

Arrigoni, FIF, Spyer, M, Hunter, P, Alber, D, Kityo, C, Hakim, J, Matubu, A, Olal, P, Paton, NI, Walker, AS, Klein, N, and team, EARNEST trial

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: HIV viral load (VL) monitoring is generally conducted 6-12 monthly in low- and middle-income countries, risking relatively prolonged periods of poor viral control. We explored the effects of different levels of loss of viral control on immune reconstitution and activation. DESIGN: : 208 participants starting Protease Inhibitor (PI)-based second-line therapy in the EARNEST trial (ISRCTN37737787) in Uganda and Zimbabwe were enrolled and CD38+/HLA-DR+ immunophenotyping performed (CD8-FITC/CD38-PE/CD3-PerCP/HLA-DR-APC; centrally gated) in real-time at 0, 12, 48, 96 and 144 weeks from randomisation. METHODS: Viral Load (Viral load (VL) was assayed retrospectively on samples collected every 12-16 weeks and classified as (1) continuous suppression (40, 5000 copies/ml). RESULTS: Immunophenotype reconstitution varied between that defined by numbers of cells and that defined by cell percentages. Furthermore, VL dynamics were associated with substantial differences in expression of CD4+ and CD8+ cell activation markers, with only individuals with high-level rebound/non-response (>5000 copies/ml) experiencing significantly greater activation and impaired reconstitution. There was little difference between participants who suppressed consistently and who exhibited transient blips or even low-level rebound by 144 weeks (p > 0.2 vs suppressed consistently). CONCLUSION: Detectable viral load below the threshold at which WHO guidelines recommend that treatment can be maintained without switching (1000 copies/ml) appear to have at most, small effects on reconstitution and activation, for patients taking a PI-based second-line regimen.

Published
2023

50. Neuroimaging Human Drug Addiction

Author

Woicik, P. A., Alia-Klein, N., Volkow, N. D., Goldstein, R. Z., Borsook, David, editor, Beccera, Lino R., editor, Bullmore, Edward, editor, and Hargreaves, Richard J., editor

Published
2009
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