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47 results on '"Kleinstein, Robert N"'

7. Refractive Error and Ethnicity in Children

Author

Kleinstein, Robert N., Jones, Lisa A., Hullett, Sandral, Kwon, Soonsi, Lee, Robert J., Friedman, Nina E., Manny, Ruth E., Mutti, Donald O., Yu, Julie A., and Zadnik, Karla

Published
2003

9. Preface

Author

Pitts, Donald G., primary and Kleinstein, Robert N., additional

Published
1993
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15. The Contributions of Near Work and Outdoor Activity to the Correlation Between Siblings in the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Ethnicity and Refractive Error (CLEERE) Study

Author

Jones-Jordan, Lisa A., primary, Sinnott, Loraine T., additional, Graham, Nicholas D., additional, Cotter, Susan A., additional, Kleinstein, Robert N., additional, Manny, Ruth E., additional, Mutti, Donald O., additional, Twelker, J. Daniel, additional, and Zadnik, Karla, additional

Published
2014
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18. Corneal and Crystalline Lens Dimensions Before and After Myopia Onset

Author

Mutti, Donald O., primary, Mitchell, G. Lynn, additional, Sinnott, Loraine T., additional, Jones-Jordan, Lisa A., additional, Moeschberger, Melvin L., additional, Cotter, Susan A., additional, Kleinstein, Robert N., additional, Manny, Ruth E., additional, Twelker, J. Daniel, additional, and Zadnik, Karla, additional

Published
2012
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19. Intraocular Pressure, Ethnicity, and Refractive Error

Author

Manny, Ruth E., primary, Mitchell, G. Lynn, additional, Cotter, Susan A., additional, Jones-Jordan, Lisa A., additional, Kleinstein, Robert N., additional, Mutti, Donald O., additional, Twelker, J. Daniel, additional, and Zadnik, Karla, additional

Published
2011
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20. Visual Activity before and after the Onset of Juvenile Myopia

Author

Jones-Jordan, Lisa A., primary, Mitchell, G. Lynn, additional, Cotter, Susan A., additional, Kleinstein, Robert N., additional, Manny, Ruth E., additional, Mutti, Donald O., additional, Twelker, J. Daniel, additional, Sims, Janene R., additional, and Zadnik, Karla, additional

Published
2011
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23. Children’s Ocular Components and Age, Gender, and Ethnicity

Author

Twelker, J Daniel, primary, Mitchell, G Lynn, additional, Messer, Dawn H., additional, Bhakta, Rita, additional, Jones, Lisa A., additional, Mutti, Donald O., additional, Cotter, Susan A., additional, Kleinstein, Robert N., additional, Manny, Ruth E., additional, and Zadnik, Karla, additional

Published
2009
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26. Accommodative Lag before and after the Onset of Myopia

Author

Mutti, Donald O., primary, Mitchell, G. Lynn, additional, Hayes, John R., additional, Jones, Lisa A., additional, Moeschberger, Melvin L., additional, Cotter, Susan A., additional, Kleinstein, Robert N., additional, Manny, Ruth E., additional, Twelker, J. Daniel, additional, and Zadnik, Karla, additional

Published
2006
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27. Ocular Component Data in Schoolchildren as a Function of Age and Gender

Author

ZADNIK, KARLA, primary, MANNY, RUTH E., additional, YU, JULIE A., additional, MITCHELL, G. LYNN, additional, COTTER, SUSAN A., additional, QUIRALTE, JULIO C., additional, SHIPP, MELVIN D., additional, FRIEDMAN, NINA E., additional, KLEINSTEIN, ROBERT N., additional, WALKER, TERRY W., additional, JONES, LISA A., additional, MOESCHBERGER, MELVIN L., additional, and MUTTI, DONALD O., additional

Published
2003
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28. Myopia and ambient night-time lighting

Author

Zadnik, Karla, primary, Jones, Lisa A., additional, Irvin, Brett C., additional, Kleinstein, Robert N., additional, Manny, Ruth E., additional, Shin, Julie A., additional, and Mutti, Donald O., additional

Published
2000
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35. Primary Health Care‐the Role of Optometry*

Author

Kleinstein, Robert N. and Lehman, Herman F.

Abstract

Optometrists, like all health care providers, should emphasize primary or preventive care. To provide this care optometrists must be aware of the risk factors for major causes of mortality. As an example, the risk profile for a white male age 45 to 49 years is given and discussed. Suggestions for primary vision care and detection of major risk factors by optometrists are also presented.

Published
1976
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36. Detectability of a luminance increment*

Author

Cohn, Theodore E., Thibos, Larry N., and Kleinstein, Robert N.

Abstract

The psychometric function for the detection of a foveal luminance increment was studied in human observers. The signal to be detected was a modulation of a 1300 cd/m^2 6′ circular red target. For an ideal photodetector, the theory of signal detectability predicts that d′, the index of detectability, should rise linearly with the luminance, E, of the luminance increment unless the observer has some uncertainty concerning the parameters of the signal to be detected. Uncertainty is expressed by the parameter M that indicates the number of orthogonal signals possible. If M is greater than 1.0, (d′)^2 = ln {1 − 1/M +(1/M) exp(E^2/N^2)} where N^2 is the variance of the noise that obscures the signal. In addition, the theory predicts that the slope of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC curve) should decrease with increasing M. In one experiment, in which E was varied, a nonlinear psychometric function and an ROC curve of relatively low slope were found. In another experiment that included a pulsed background (pedestal) whether or not the signal was presented, the predicted linear M = 1 psychometric function was found. Finally, the ROC slope that was measured in rating experiments increased when the pedestal was used. Presumably, the pedestal provides the signal-parameter information that the observer could not remember. We conclude that the human observer acts like an ideal photodetector that has imperfect memory concerning the signal to be detected.

Published
1974

46. Myopia Progression as a Function of Sex, Age, and Ethnicity.

Author

Jones-Jordan LA, Sinnott LT, Chu RH, Cotter SA, Kleinstein RN, Manny RE, Mutti DO, Twelker JD, and Zadnik K

Subjects
Age Distribution, Child, Disease Progression, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Myopia, Degenerative physiopathology, Prevalence, Reading, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Distribution, United States epidemiology, Ethnicity, Forecasting, Myopia, Degenerative ethnology, Refraction, Ocular physiology
Abstract

Purpose: To model juvenile-onset myopia progression as a function of race/ethnicity, age, sex, parental history of myopia, and time spent reading or in outdoor/sports activity., Methods: Subjects were 594 children in the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Ethnicity and Refractive Error (CLEERE) Study with at least three study visits: one visit with a spherical equivalent (SPHEQ) less myopic/more hyperopic than -0.75 diopter (D), the first visit with a SPHEQ of -0.75 D or more myopia (onset visit), and another after myopia onset. Myopia progression from the time of onset was modeled using cubic models as a function of age, race/ethnicity, and other covariates., Results: Younger children had faster progression of myopia; for example, the model-estimated 3-year progression in an Asian American child was -1.93 D when onset was at age 7 years compared with -1.43 D when onset was at age 10 years. Annual progression for girls was 0.093 D faster than for boys. Asian American children experienced statistically significantly faster myopia progression compared with Hispanic (estimated 3-year difference of -0.46 D), Black children (-0.88 D), and Native American children (-0.48 D), but with similar progression compared with White children (-0.19 D). Parental history of myopia, time spent reading, and time spent in outdoor/sports activity were not statistically significant factors in multivariate models., Conclusions: Younger age, female sex, and racial/ethnic group were the factors associated with faster myopic progression. This multivariate model can facilitate the planning of clinical trials for myopia control interventions by informing the prediction of myopia progression rates.

Published
2021
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47. The Response AC/A Ratio Before and After the Onset of Myopia.

Author

Mutti DO, Mitchell GL, Jones-Jordan LA, Cotter SA, Kleinstein RN, Manny RE, Twelker JD, and Zadnik K

Subjects
Adolescent, Child, Disease Progression, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Myopia diagnosis, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors, Accommodation, Ocular physiology, Convergence, Ocular physiology, Myopia physiopathology, Refraction, Ocular physiology
Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the ratio of accommodative convergence per diopter of accommodative response (AC/A ratio) before, during, and after myopia onset., Methods: Subjects were 698 children aged 6 to 14 years who became myopic and 430 emmetropic children participating in the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Ethnicity and Refractive Error. Refractive error was measured using cycloplegic autorefraction, near work by parent survey, and the AC/A ratio by simultaneously monitoring convergence and accommodative response. The response AC/A ratios of children who became myopic were compared with age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched model estimates for emmetropic children from 5 years before through 5 years after the onset of myopia., Results: The response AC/A ratio was not significantly different between the two groups 5 years before onset, then increased monotonically in children who became myopic until reaching a plateau at myopia onset of about 7 Δ/D compared to about 4 Δ/D for children who remained emmetropic (differences between groups significant at P < 0.01 from 4 years before onset through 5 years after onset). A higher AC/A ratio was associated with greater accommodative lag but not with the rate of myopia progression regardless of the level of near work., Conclusions: An increasing AC/A ratio is an early sign of becoming myopic, is related to greater accommodative lag, but does not affect the rate of myopia progression. The association with accommodative lag suggests that the AC/A ratio increase is from greater neural effort needed per diopter of accommodation rather than change in the accommodative convergence crosslink gain relationship.

Published
2017
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