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2. Longitudinal Effects in the Effectiveness of Educational Virtual Field Trips

Author

Zhao, Jiayan, Wallgrün, Jan Oliver, Sajjadi, Pejman, LaFemina, Peter, Lim, Kenneth Y. T., Springer, Jan P., and Klippel, Alexander

Abstract

Virtual and immersive virtual reality, VR and iVR, provide flexible and engaging learning opportunities, such as virtual field trips (VFTs). Despite its growing popularity for education, understanding how iVR compared to non-immersive media influences learning is still challenged by mixed empirical results and a lack of longitudinal research. This study addresses these issues through an experiment in which undergraduate geoscience students attended two temporally separated VFT sessions through desktop virtual reality (dVR) or iVR, with their learning experience and outcomes measured after each session. Our results show higher levels of enjoyment and satisfaction as well as a stronger sense of spatial presence in iVR students in both VFTs compared to dVR students, but no improvement in learning outcomes in iVR compared to dVR. More importantly, we found that there exists a critical interaction between VR condition and repeated participation in VFTs indicating that longitudinal exposure to VFTs improves knowledge performance more when learning in iVR than through dVR. These results suggest that repeated use of iVR may be beneficial in sustaining students' emotional engagement and compensating the initial deficiency in their objective learning outcomes compared to other less immersive technologies.

Published
2022
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3. Embodied digital twins of forest environments

Author

Wallgrün, Jan Oliver, Huang, Jiawei, Zhao, Jiayan, Brede, Benjamin, Lau, Alvaro, and Klippel, Alexander

Abstract

We address the concept of embodied digital twins of real-world forest environments to support research, education, communication, and decision-making. We discuss approaches to generate these kinds of immersive experiences and how to link them to ecological models. We then present the prototype of an iVR embodied digital twin intended as an interactive workbench for analyzing remotely sensed forest data. Lastly, we discuss challenges for future work in this area.

Published
2021

5. Artificial intelligence and visual analytics in geographical space and cyberspace: Research opportunities and challenges

Author

Chen, Min, Claramunt, Christophe, Çöltekin, Arzu, Liu, Xintao, Peng, Peng, Robinson, Anthony C., Wang, Dajiang, Strobl, Josef, Wilson, John P., Batty, Michael, Kwan, Mei-Po, Lotfian, Maryam, Golay, François, Joost, Stéphane, Ingensand, Jens, Senousi, Ahmad M., Cheng, Tao, Bandrova, Temenoujka, Konecny, Milan, Torrens, Paul M., Klippel, Alexander, Li, Songnian, Zhang, Fengyuan, He, Li, Wang, Jinfeng, Ratti, Carlo, Kolditz, Olaf, Lin, Hui, and Lü, Guonian

Published
2023
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8. Exploring the Effects of Geographic Scale on Spatial Learning

Author

Zhao, Jiayan, Simpson, Mark, Wallgrün, Jan Oliver, Sajjadi, Pejman, and Klippel, Alexander

Abstract

Background: Investigating the relationship between the human body and its spatial environment is a critical component in understanding the process of acquiring spatial knowledge. However, few empirical evaluations have looked at how the visual accessibility of an environment affects spatial learning. To address this gap, this paper focuses on geographic scale, defined as the spatial extent visually accessible from a single viewpoint. We present two experiments in which we manipulated geographic scale using two perspectives, a ground level and an elevated view, in order to better understand the scale effect on spatial learning. Learning outcomes were measured using estimates of direction and self-reports of mental workload. Results: In contrast to our hypothesis, we found few differences in spatial learning when comparing different perspectives. However, our analysis of pointing errors shows a significant interaction effect between the scale and spatial ability: The elevated perspective reduced the differences in pointing errors between low and high spatial ability participants in contrast to when participants learned the environment at ground level alone. Bimodal pointing distributions indicate that participants made systematic errors, for example, forgetting turns or segments. Modeling these errors revealed a unified alternative representation of the environment and further suggests that low spatial ability participants benefited more from the elevated perspective in terms of spatial learning compared to high spatial ability participants. Conclusions: We conclude that an increased geographic scale, which was accessible through an elevated perspective in this study, can help bridge the performance gap in spatial learning between low and high spatial ability participants.

Published
2020
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9. Transforming Earth Science Education through Immersive Experiences: Delivering on a Long Held Promise

Author

Klippel, Alexander, Zhao, Jiayan, Jackson, Kathy Lou, La Femina, Peter, Stubbs, Chris, Wetzel, Ryan, Blair, Jordan, Wallgrün, Jan Oliver, and Oprean, Danielle

Abstract

The value of field trips is undisputed across disciplines. Field-site visits whether in social or physical sciences provide grounding for place- and discovery-based learning. Yet field trips have limitations that can now be overcome by the promise of immersive technologies that can improve quality and accessibility. This promise is twofold: First, we can harness advancements made in sensing technologies to create immersive experiences of places across the earth efficiently; second, we can provide detailed empirical evaluations on immersive learning and quantify educational value. We report on a study that splits an introductory geosciences course into two groups with one group experiencing a traditional field trip, while a second group visits the same site virtually, immersing the students in the site using a head-mounted device. Results show the advantages of virtual field trips (VFTs) concerning enjoyment, learning experience, and actual lab scores. We embed the discussion of these results into a more general assessment of the advantages of VFTs and a taxonomy of VFTs as a basis for future studies.

Published
2019
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11. Acquisition and Transfer of Spatial Knowledge during Wayfinding

Author

He, Qiliang, McNamara, Timothy P., Bodenheimer, Bobby, and Klippel, Alexander

Abstract

In the current study, we investigated the ways in which the acquisition and transfer of spatial knowledge were affected by (a) the type of spatial relations predominately experienced during learning (routes determined by walkways vs. straight-line paths between locations); (b) environmental complexity; and (c) the availability of rotational body-based information. Participants learned the layout of a virtual shopping mall by repeatedly searching for target storefronts located in 1 of the buildings. We created 2 novel learning conditions to encourage participants to use either route knowledge (paths on walkways between buildings) or survey knowledge (straight-line distances and directions from storefront to storefront) to find the target, and measured the development of route and survey knowledge in both learning conditions. Environmental complexity was manipulated by varying the alignment of the buildings with the enclosure, and the visibility within space. Body-based information was manipulated by having participants perform the experiment in front of a computer monitor or using a head-mounted display. After navigation, participants pointed to various storefronts from a fixed position and orientation. Results showed that the frequently used spatial knowledge could be developed similarly across environments with different complexities, but the infrequently used spatial knowledge was less developed in the complex environment. Furthermore, rotational body-based information facilitated spatial learning under certain conditions. Our results suggest that path integration may play an important role in spatial knowledge transfer, both from route to survey knowledge (cognitive map construction), and from survey to route knowledge (using cognitive map to guide wayfinding).

Published
2019
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12. Immersive Learning in the Wild: A Progress Report

Author

Klippel, Alexander, Oprean, Danielle, Zhao, Jiayan, Wallgrün, Jan Oliver, LaFemina, Peter, Jackson, Kathy, Gowen, Elise, Barbosa, Simone Diniz Junqueira, Editorial Board Member, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Kotenko, Igor, Editorial Board Member, Yuan, Junsong, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Beck, Dennis, editor, Peña-Rios, Anasol, editor, Ogle, Todd, editor, Economou, Daphne, editor, Mentzelopoulos, Markos, editor, Morgado, Leonel, editor, Eckhardt, Christian, editor, Pirker, Johanna, editor, Koitz-Hristov, Roxane, editor, Richter, Jonathon, editor, Gütl, Christian, editor, and Gardner, Michael, editor

Published
2019
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13. For the Many, Not the One: Designing Low-Cost Joint VR Experiences for Place-Based Learning

Author

Wallgrün, Jan Oliver, Chang, Jack (Shen-Kuen), Zhao, Jiayan, Sajjadi, Pejman, Oprean, Danielle, Murphy, Thomas B., Baka, Jennifer, Klippel, Alexander, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Bourdot, Patrick, editor, Interrante, Victoria, editor, Nedel, Luciana, editor, Magnenat-Thalmann, Nadia, editor, and Zachmann, Gabriel, editor

Published
2019
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18. Developing and Evaluating VR Field Trips

Author

Oprean, Danielle, Wallgrün, Jan Oliver, Pinto Duarte, Jose Manuel, Verniz, Debora, Zhao, Jiayan, Klippel, Alexander, Cartwright, William, Series editor, Gartner, Georg, Series editor, Meng, Liqiu, Series editor, Peterson, Michael P., Series editor, Fogliaroni, Paolo, editor, Ballatore, Andrea, editor, and Clementini, Eliseo, editor

Published
2018
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25. Place-based education through immersive virtual experiences — preparing biology students for the field

Author

Wallgrün, Jan Oliver, Chang, Jack Shen-Kuen, Zhao, Jiayan, Trenham, Peter, Sajjadi, Pejman, Simpson, Mark, and Klippel, Alexander

Abstract

ABSTRACTVirtual field trips are transforming education in biology and other place-based disciplines – and not just since Covid-19 has imposed social distancing constraints. Efficient methods for content creation, combined with affordable immersive technology, provide the opportunity to integrate immersive experiences into ever-larger classes. However, many aspects of how immersive experiences can enrich and improve learning in place-based education are still not well understood. We present an empirical study, conducted in a large undergraduate ecology class, comparing students, that experienced an immersive virtual version of a field trip to a biological preserve as preparation for a later actual field trip to the site, with a control group that visited the real site but without having had the virtual experience. Within the virtual experience group, we also varied the quality of the headset. The VR field trip was well received for raising spatial awareness and also motivation and interest. Students ranked it higher than any traditional means with regard to achieving a high level of preparedness for the actual field trip. In contrast, no statistically significant evidence was found for differences in perceived learning outcome and enjoyment of the actual field trip.

Published
2024
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29. Conceptualizing Landscapes : A Comparative Study of Landscape Categories with Navajo and English-Speaking Participants

Author

Klippel, Alexander, Mark, David, Wallgrün, Jan Oliver, Stea, David, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Fabrikant, Sara Irina, editor, Raubal, Martin, editor, Bertolotto, Michela, editor, Davies, Clare, editor, Freundschuh, Scott, editor, and Bell, Scott, editor

Published
2015
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30. Citizen Science Land Cover Classification Based on Ground and Aerial Imagery

Author

Sparks, Kevin, Klippel, Alexander, Wallgrün, Jan Oliver, Mark, David, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Fabrikant, Sara Irina, editor, Raubal, Martin, editor, Bertolotto, Michela, editor, Davies, Clare, editor, Freundschuh, Scott, editor, and Bell, Scott, editor

Published
2015
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33. Corrigendum: Remote iVR for nutrition education: from design to evaluation

Author

Sajjadi, Pejman, Edwards, Caitlyn G., Zhao, Jiayan, Fatemi, Alex, Long, John W., Klippel, Alexander, Masterson, Travis D., Sajjadi, Pejman, Edwards, Caitlyn G., Zhao, Jiayan, Fatemi, Alex, Long, John W., Klippel, Alexander, and Masterson, Travis D.

Abstract

In the published article, there was an error in Figure 5 as published. The lines in the figure are inverted by mistake and the X-axis should represent time (i.e., pre and post) instead of condition (i.e., interactive and passive). The corrected Figure 5 and its caption “Plot diagram of portion size self efficacy” appear below. Plot diagram of portion size self efficacy. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.

Published
2023

34. Boundaries and Prototypes in Categorizing Direction

Author

Mast, Vivien, Wolter, Diedrich, Klippel, Alexander, Wallgrün, Jan Oliver, Tenbrink, Thora, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Kobsa, Alfred, Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Goebel, Randy, Series editor, Tanaka, Yuzuru, Series editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, Series editor, Siekmann, Jörg, Series editor, Freksa, Christian, editor, Nebel, Bernhard, editor, Hegarty, Mary, editor, and Barkowsky, Thomas, editor

Published
2014
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39. Fundamental Cognitive Concepts of Space (and Time): Using Cross-Linguistic, Crowdsourced Data to Cognitively Calibrate Modes of Overlap

Author

Klippel, Alexander, Wallgrün, Jan Oliver, Yang, Jinlong, Mason, Jennifer S., Kim, Eun-Kyeong, Mark, David M., Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Tenbrink, Thora, editor, Stell, John, editor, Galton, Antony, editor, and Wood, Zena, editor

Published
2013
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40. Investigations into the Cognitive Conceptualization and Similarity Assessment of Spatial Scenes

Author

Wallgrün, Jan Oliver, Yang, Jinlong, Klippel, Alexander, Dylla, Frank, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Xiao, Ningchuan, editor, Kwan, Mei-Po, editor, Goodchild, Michael F., editor, and Shekhar, Shashi, editor

Published
2012
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41. Assessing Similarities of Qualitative Spatio-temporal Relations

Author

Klippel, Alexander, Yang, Jinlong, Wallgrün, Jan Oliver, Dylla, Frank, Li, Rui, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Goebel, Randy, editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, editor, Stachniss, Cyrill, editor, Schill, Kerstin, editor, and Uttal, David, editor

Published
2012
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43. Geographic information science in the era of geospatial big data: A cyberspace perspective

Author

Liu, Xintao, primary, Chen, Min, additional, Claramunt, Christophe, additional, Batty, Michael, additional, Kwan, Mei-Po, additional, Senousi, Ahmad M., additional, Cheng, Tao, additional, Strobl, Josef, additional, Cöltekin, Arzu, additional, Wilson, John, additional, Bandrova, Temenoujka, additional, Konecny, Milan, additional, Torrens, Paul M., additional, Zhang, Fengyuan, additional, He, Li, additional, Wang, Jinfeng, additional, Ratti, Carlo, additional, Kolditz, Olaf, additional, Klippel, Alexander, additional, Li, Songnian, additional, Lin, Hui, additional, and Lü, Guonian, additional

Published
2022
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44. Automatic Extraction of Destinations, Origins and Route Parts from Human Generated Route Directions

Author

Zhang, Xiao, Mitra, Prasenjit, Klippel, Alexander, MacEachren, Alan, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Fabrikant, Sara Irina, editor, Reichenbacher, Tumasch, editor, van Kreveld, Marc, editor, and Schlieder, Christoph, editor

Published
2010
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45. Cognitive Invariants of Geographic Event Conceptualization: What Matters and What Refines?

Author

Klippel, Alexander, Li, Rui, Hardisty, Frank, Weaver, Chris, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Fabrikant, Sara Irina, editor, Reichenbacher, Tumasch, editor, van Kreveld, Marc, editor, and Schlieder, Christoph, editor

Published
2010
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46. Psychophysical Evaluation for a Qualitative Semantic Image Categorisation and Retrieval Approach

Author

Ul-Qayyum, Zia, Cohn, A. G., Klippel, Alexander, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Goebel, Randy, editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, editor, García-Pedrajas, Nicolás, editor, Herrera, Francisco, editor, Fyfe, Colin, editor, Benítez, José Manuel, editor, and Ali, Moonis, editor

Published
2010
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48. The Endpoint Hypothesis: A Topological-Cognitive Assessment of Geographic Scale Movement Patterns

Author

Klippel, Alexander, Li, Rui, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Hornsby, Kathleen Stewart, editor, Claramunt, Christophe, editor, Denis, Michel, editor, and Ligozat, Gérard, editor

Published
2009
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50. Developing and Evaluating VR Field Trips

Author

Oprean, Danielle, primary, Wallgrün, Jan Oliver, additional, Pinto Duarte, Jose Manuel, additional, Verniz, Debora, additional, Zhao, Jiayan, additional, and Klippel, Alexander, additional

Published
2017
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