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171 results on '"Knauer, Jürgen"'

1. Synthesis of the land carbon fluxes of the Amazon region between 2010 and 2020

Author

Rosan, Thais M., Sitch, Stephen, O’Sullivan, Michael, Basso, Luana S., Wilson, Chris, Silva, Camila, Gloor, Emanuel, Fawcett, Dominic, Heinrich, Viola, Souza, Jefferson G., Bezerra, Francisco Gilney Silva, von Randow, Celso, Mercado, Lina M., Gatti, Luciana, Wiltshire, Andy, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Williams, Mathew, Smallman, Luke, Knauer, Jürgen, Arora, Vivek, Kennedy, Daniel, Tian, Hanqin, Yuan, Wenping, Jain, Atul K., Falk, Stefanie, Poulter, Benjamin, Arneth, Almut, Sun, Qing, Zaehle, Sönke, Walker, Anthony P., Kato, Etsushi, Yue, Xu, Bastos, Ana, Ciais, Philippe, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Albergel, Clement, and Aragão, Luiz E. O. C.

Published
2024
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3. The three major axes of terrestrial ecosystem function

Author

Migliavacca, Mirco, Musavi, Talie, Mahecha, Miguel D, Nelson, Jacob A, Knauer, Jürgen, Baldocchi, Dennis D, Perez-Priego, Oscar, Christiansen, Rune, Peters, Jonas, Anderson, Karen, Bahn, Michael, Black, T Andrew, Blanken, Peter D, Bonal, Damien, Buchmann, Nina, Caldararu, Silvia, Carrara, Arnaud, Carvalhais, Nuno, Cescatti, Alessandro, Chen, Jiquan, Cleverly, Jamie, Cremonese, Edoardo, Desai, Ankur R, El-Madany, Tarek S, Farella, Martha M, Fernández-Martínez, Marcos, Filippa, Gianluca, Forkel, Matthias, Galvagno, Marta, Gomarasca, Ulisse, Gough, Christopher M, Göckede, Mathias, Ibrom, Andreas, Ikawa, Hiroki, Janssens, Ivan A, Jung, Martin, Kattge, Jens, Keenan, Trevor F, Knohl, Alexander, Kobayashi, Hideki, Kraemer, Guido, Law, Beverly E, Liddell, Michael J, Ma, Xuanlong, Mammarella, Ivan, Martini, David, Macfarlane, Craig, Matteucci, Giorgio, Montagnani, Leonardo, Pabon-Moreno, Daniel E, Panigada, Cinzia, Papale, Dario, Pendall, Elise, Penuelas, Josep, Phillips, Richard P, Reich, Peter B, Rossini, Micol, Rotenberg, Eyal, Scott, Russell L, Stahl, Clement, Weber, Ulrich, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Wolf, Sebastian, Wright, Ian J, Yakir, Dan, Zaehle, Sönke, and Reichstein, Markus

Subjects
Life on Land, Carbon Cycle, Carbon Dioxide, Climate, Datasets as Topic, Ecosystem, Humidity, Plants, Principal Component Analysis, Water Cycle, General Science & Technology
Abstract

The leaf economics spectrum1,2 and the global spectrum of plant forms and functions3 revealed fundamental axes of variation in plant traits, which represent different ecological strategies that are shaped by the evolutionary development of plant species2. Ecosystem functions depend on environmental conditions and the traits of species that comprise the ecological communities4. However, the axes of variation of ecosystem functions are largely unknown, which limits our understanding of how ecosystems respond as a whole to anthropogenic drivers, climate and environmental variability4,5. Here we derive a set of ecosystem functions6 from a dataset of surface gas exchange measurements across major terrestrial biomes. We find that most of the variability within ecosystem functions (71.8%) is captured by three key axes. The first axis reflects maximum ecosystem productivity and is mostly explained by vegetation structure. The second axis reflects ecosystem water-use strategies and is jointly explained by variation in vegetation height and climate. The third axis, which represents ecosystem carbon-use efficiency, features a gradient related to aridity, and is explained primarily by variation in vegetation structure. We show that two state-of-the-art land surface models reproduce the first and most important axis of ecosystem functions. However, the models tend to simulate more strongly correlated functions than those observed, which limits their ability to accurately predict the full range of responses to environmental changes in carbon, water and energy cycling in terrestrial ecosystems7,8.

Published
2021

4. Process-oriented analysis of dominant sources of uncertainty in the land carbon sink

Author

O’Sullivan, Michael, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Anthoni, Peter, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K., Bastrikov, Vladislav, Delire, Christine, Goll, Daniel S., Jain, Atul, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Knauer, Jürgen, Lienert, Sebastian, Lombardozzi, Danica, McGuire, Patrick C., Melton, Joe R., Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Pongratz, Julia, Poulter, Benjamin, Séférian, Roland, Tian, Hanqin, Vuichard, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P., Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Xu, and Zaehle, Sönke

Published
2022
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5. Supplementary material to "On the predictability of turbulent fluxes from land: PLUMBER2 MIP experimental description and preliminary results"

Author

Abramowitz, Gab, primary, Ukkola, Anna, additional, Hobeichi, Sanaa, additional, Cranko Page, Jon, additional, Lipson, Mathew, additional, De Kauwe, Martin, additional, Green, Sam, additional, Brenner, Claire, additional, Frame, Jonathan, additional, Nearing, Grey, additional, Clark, Martyn, additional, Best, Martin, additional, Anthoni, Peter, additional, Arduini, Gabriele, additional, Boussetta, Souhail, additional, Caldararu, Silvia, additional, Cho, Kyeungwoo, additional, Cuntz, Matthias, additional, Fairbairn, David, additional, Ferguson, Craig, additional, Kim, Hyungjun, additional, Kim, Yeonjoo, additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Lawrence, David, additional, Luo, Xiangzhong, additional, Malyshev, Sergey, additional, Nitta, Tomoko, additional, Ogee, Jerome, additional, Oleson, Keith, additional, Ottlé, Catherine, additional, Peylin, Phillipe, additional, de Rosnay, Patricia, additional, Rumbold, Heather, additional, Su, Bob, additional, Vuichard, Nicolas, additional, Walker, Anthony, additional, Wang-Faivre, Xiaoni, additional, Wang, Yunfei, additional, and Zeng, Yijian, additional

Published
2024
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6. On the predictability of turbulent fluxes from land: PLUMBER2 MIP experimental description and preliminary results

Author

Abramowitz, Gab, primary, Ukkola, Anna, additional, Hobeichi, Sanaa, additional, Cranko Page, Jon, additional, Lipson, Mathew, additional, De Kauwe, Martin, additional, Green, Sam, additional, Brenner, Claire, additional, Frame, Jonathan, additional, Nearing, Grey, additional, Clark, Martyn, additional, Best, Martin, additional, Anthoni, Peter, additional, Arduini, Gabriele, additional, Boussetta, Souhail, additional, Caldararu, Silvia, additional, Cho, Kyeungwoo, additional, Cuntz, Matthias, additional, Fairbairn, David, additional, Ferguson, Craig, additional, Kim, Hyungjun, additional, Kim, Yeonjoo, additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Lawrence, David, additional, Luo, Xiangzhong, additional, Malyshev, Sergey, additional, Nitta, Tomoko, additional, Ogee, Jerome, additional, Oleson, Keith, additional, Ottlé, Catherine, additional, Peylin, Phillipe, additional, de Rosnay, Patricia, additional, Rumbold, Heather, additional, Su, Bob, additional, Vuichard, Nicolas, additional, Walker, Anthony, additional, Wang-Faivre, Xiaoni, additional, Wang, Yunfei, additional, and Zeng, Yijian, additional

Published
2024
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7. Temporal Dynamics of Canopy Properties and Carbon and Water Fluxes in a Temperate Evergreen Angiosperm Forest.

Author

Renchon, Alexandre A., Haverd, Vanessa, Trudinger, Cathy M., Medlyn, Belinda E., Griebel, Anne, Metzen, Daniel, Knauer, Jürgen, Boer, Matthias M., and Pendall, Elise

Subjects
EUCALYPTUS, FOREST dynamics, LEAF area index, SPRING, AUTUMN, EVERGREENS, LEAF growth
Abstract

The forest–atmosphere exchange of carbon and water is regulated by meteorological conditions as well as canopy properties such as leaf area index (LAI, m2 m−2), photosynthetic capacity (PC μmol m−2 s−1), or surface conductance in optimal conditions (Gs,opt, mmol m−2 s−1), which can vary seasonally and inter-annually. This variability is well understood for deciduous species but is poorly characterized in evergreen forests. Here, we quantify the seasonal dynamics of a temperate evergreen eucalypt forest with estimates of LAI, litterfall, carbon and water fluxes, and meteorological conditions from measurements and model simulations. We merged MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) values with site-based LAI measurements to establish a 17-year sequence of monthly LAI. We ran the Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange model (CABLE-POP (version r5046)) with constant and varying LAI for our site to quantify the influence of seasonal canopy dynamics on carbon and water fluxes. We observed that the peak of LAI occurred in late summer–early autumn, with a higher and earlier peak occurring in years when summer rainfall was greater. Seasonality in litterfall and allocation of net primary productivity (FNPP) to leaf growth (af, 0–1) drove this pattern, suggesting a complete renewal of the canopy before the timing of peak LAI. Litterfall peaked in spring, followed by a high af in summer, at the end of which LAI peaked, and PC and Gs,opt reached their maximum values in autumn, resulting from a combination of high LAI and efficient mature leaves. These canopy dynamics helped explain observations of maximum gross ecosystem production (FGEP) in spring and autumn and net ecosystem carbon loss in summer at our site. Inter-annual variability in LAI was positively correlated with Net Ecosystem Production (FNEP). It would be valuable to apply a similar approach to other temperate evergreen forests to identify broad patterns of seasonality in leaf growth and turnover. Because incorporating dynamic LAI was insufficient to fully capture the dynamics of FGEP, observations of seasonal variation in photosynthetic capacity, such as from solar-induced fluorescence, should be incorporated in land surface models to improve ecosystem flux estimates in evergreen forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Productivity and biomass of Australia's rangelands: Towards a national database

Author

Porfirio, Luciana L, Antille, Diogenes L, Watson, Ian, Abbott, Brett N, Bowman, David MJS, Briggs, Peter R, Canadell, Josep G, Churchill, Amber C, Donohue, Randall J, Guerschman, Juan P, Haverd, Vanessa, Hill, Michael J, Knauer, Juergen, Murphy, Brett P, Paget, Matt, Prior, Lynda D, Roxburgh, Stephen H, and Williamson, Grant J

Published
2020

9. Global Carbon Budget 2023

Author

Friedlingstein, Pierre, primary, O'Sullivan, Michael, additional, Jones, Matthew W., additional, Andrew, Robbie M., additional, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., additional, Hauck, Judith, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Le Quéré, Corinne, additional, Luijkx, Ingrid T., additional, Peters, Glen P., additional, Peters, Wouter, additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Schwingshackl, Clemens, additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Canadell, Josep G., additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Jackson, Robert B., additional, Alin, Simone R., additional, Anthoni, Peter, additional, Barbero, Leticia, additional, Bates, Nicholas R., additional, Becker, Meike, additional, Bellouin, Nicolas, additional, Decharme, Bertrand, additional, Bopp, Laurent, additional, Brasika, Ida Bagus Mandhara, additional, Cadule, Patricia, additional, Chamberlain, Matthew A., additional, Chandra, Naveen, additional, Chau, Thi-Tuyet-Trang, additional, Chevallier, Frédéric, additional, Chini, Louise P., additional, Cronin, Margot, additional, Dou, Xinyu, additional, Enyo, Kazutaka, additional, Evans, Wiley, additional, Falk, Stefanie, additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Feng, Liang, additional, Ford, Daniel J., additional, Gasser, Thomas, additional, Ghattas, Josefine, additional, Gkritzalis, Thanos, additional, Grassi, Giacomo, additional, Gregor, Luke, additional, Gruber, Nicolas, additional, Gürses, Özgür, additional, Harris, Ian, additional, Hefner, Matthew, additional, Heinke, Jens, additional, Houghton, Richard A., additional, Hurtt, George C., additional, Iida, Yosuke, additional, Ilyina, Tatiana, additional, Jacobson, Andrew R., additional, Jain, Atul, additional, Jarníková, Tereza, additional, Jersild, Annika, additional, Jiang, Fei, additional, Jin, Zhe, additional, Joos, Fortunat, additional, Kato, Etsushi, additional, Keeling, Ralph F., additional, Kennedy, Daniel, additional, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, additional, Körtzinger, Arne, additional, Lan, Xin, additional, Lefèvre, Nathalie, additional, Li, Hongmei, additional, Liu, Junjie, additional, Liu, Zhiqiang, additional, Ma, Lei, additional, Marland, Greg, additional, Mayot, Nicolas, additional, McGuire, Patrick C., additional, McKinley, Galen A., additional, Meyer, Gesa, additional, Morgan, Eric J., additional, Munro, David R., additional, Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, additional, Niwa, Yosuke, additional, O'Brien, Kevin M., additional, Olsen, Are, additional, Omar, Abdirahman M., additional, Ono, Tsuneo, additional, Paulsen, Melf, additional, Pierrot, Denis, additional, Pocock, Katie, additional, Poulter, Benjamin, additional, Powis, Carter M., additional, Rehder, Gregor, additional, Resplandy, Laure, additional, Robertson, Eddy, additional, Rödenbeck, Christian, additional, Rosan, Thais M., additional, Schwinger, Jörg, additional, Séférian, Roland, additional, Smallman, T. Luke, additional, Smith, Stephen M., additional, Sospedra-Alfonso, Reinel, additional, Sun, Qing, additional, Sutton, Adrienne J., additional, Sweeney, Colm, additional, Takao, Shintaro, additional, Tans, Pieter P., additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Tilbrook, Bronte, additional, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, additional, Tubiello, Francesco, additional, van der Werf, Guido R., additional, van Ooijen, Erik, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Watanabe, Michio, additional, Wimart-Rousseau, Cathy, additional, Yang, Dongxu, additional, Yang, Xiaojuan, additional, Yuan, Wenping, additional, Yue, Xu, additional, Zaehle, Sönke, additional, Zeng, Jiye, additional, and Zheng, Bo, additional

Published
2023
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12. Supplementary material to "Global Carbon Budget 2023"

Author

Friedlingstein, Pierre, primary, O'Sullivan, Michael, additional, Jones, Matthew W., additional, Andrew, Robbie M., additional, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., additional, Hauck, Judith, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Le Quéré, Corinne, additional, Luijkx, Ingrid T., additional, Peters, Glen P., additional, Peters, Wouter, additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Schwingshackl, Clemens, additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Canadell, Josep G., additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Jackson, Robert B., additional, Alin, Simone R., additional, Anthoni, Peter, additional, Barbero, Leticia, additional, Bates, Nicholas R., additional, Becker, Meike, additional, Bellouin, Nicolas, additional, Decharme, Bertrand, additional, Bopp, Laurent, additional, Brasika, Ida Bagus Mandhara, additional, Cadule, Patricia, additional, Chamberlain, Matthew A., additional, Chandra, Naveen, additional, Chau, Thi-Tuyet-Trang, additional, Chevallier, Frédéric, additional, Chini, Louise P., additional, Cronin, Margot, additional, Dou, Xinyu, additional, Enyo, Kazutaka, additional, Evans, Wiley, additional, Falk, Stefanie, additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Feng, Liang, additional, Ford, Daniel. J., additional, Gasser, Thomas, additional, Ghattas, Josefine, additional, Gkritzalis, Thanos, additional, Grassi, Giacomo, additional, Gregor, Luke, additional, Gruber, Nicolas, additional, Gürses, Özgür, additional, Harris, Ian, additional, Hefner, Matthew, additional, Heinke, Jens, additional, Houghton, Richard A., additional, Hurtt, George C., additional, Iida, Yosuke, additional, Ilyina, Tatiana, additional, Jacobson, Andrew R., additional, Jain, Atul, additional, Jarníková, Tereza, additional, Jersild, Annika, additional, Jiang, Fei, additional, Jin, Zhe, additional, Joos, Fortunat, additional, Kato, Etsushi, additional, Keeling, Ralph F., additional, Kennedy, Daniel, additional, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, additional, Körtzinger, Arne, additional, Lan, Xin, additional, Lefèvre, Nathalie, additional, Li, Hongmei, additional, Liu, Junjie, additional, Liu, Zhiqiang, additional, Ma, Lei, additional, Marland, Greg, additional, Mayot, Nicolas, additional, McGuire, Patrick C., additional, McKinley, Galen A., additional, Meyer, Gesa, additional, Morgan, Eric J., additional, Munro, David R., additional, Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, additional, Niwa, Yosuke, additional, O'Brien, Kevin M., additional, Olsen, Are, additional, Omar, Abdirahman M., additional, Ono, Tsuneo, additional, Paulsen, Melf E., additional, Pierrot, Denis, additional, Pocock, Katie, additional, Poulter, Benjamin, additional, Powis, Carter M., additional, Rehder, Gregor, additional, Resplandy, Laure, additional, Robertson, Eddy, additional, Rödenbeck, Christian, additional, Rosan, Thais M., additional, Schwinger, Jörg, additional, Séférian, Roland, additional, Smallman, T. Luke, additional, Smith, Stephen M., additional, Sospedra-Alfonso, Reinel, additional, Sun, Qing, additional, Sutton, Adrienne J., additional, Sweeney, Colm, additional, Takao, Shintaro, additional, Tans, Pieter P., additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Tilbrook, Bronte, additional, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, additional, Tubiello, Francesco, additional, van der Werf, Guido R., additional, van Ooijen, Erik, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Watanabe, Michio, additional, Wimart-Rousseau, Cathy, additional, Yang, Dongxu, additional, Yang, Xiaojuan, additional, Yuan, Wenping, additional, Yue, Xu, additional, Zaehle, Sönke, additional, Zeng, Jiye, additional, and Zheng, Bo, additional

Published
2023
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13. The consolidated European synthesis of CO2 emissions and removals for the European Union and United Kingdom: 1990–2020

Author

McGrath, Matthew J., primary, Petrescu, Ana Maria Roxana, additional, Peylin, Philippe, additional, Andrew, Robbie M., additional, Matthews, Bradley, additional, Dentener, Frank, additional, Balkovič, Juraj, additional, Bastrikov, Vladislav, additional, Becker, Meike, additional, Broquet, Gregoire, additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Fortems-Cheiney, Audrey, additional, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, additional, Grassi, Giacomo, additional, Harris, Ian, additional, Jones, Matthew, additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Kuhnert, Matthias, additional, Monteil, Guillaume, additional, Munassar, Saqr, additional, Palmer, Paul I., additional, Peters, Glen P., additional, Qiu, Chunjing, additional, Schelhaas, Mart-Jan, additional, Tarasova, Oksana, additional, Vizzarri, Matteo, additional, Winkler, Karina, additional, Balsamo, Gianpaolo, additional, Berchet, Antoine, additional, Briggs, Peter, additional, Brockmann, Patrick, additional, Chevallier, Frédéric, additional, Conchedda, Giulia, additional, Crippa, Monica, additional, Dellaert, Stijn N. C., additional, Denier van der Gon, Hugo A. C., additional, Filipek, Sara, additional, Friedlingstein, Pierre, additional, Fuchs, Richard, additional, Gauss, Michael, additional, Gerbig, Christoph, additional, Guizzardi, Diego, additional, Günther, Dirk, additional, Houghton, Richard A., additional, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, additional, Lauerwald, Ronny, additional, Lerink, Bas, additional, Luijkx, Ingrid T., additional, Moulas, Géraud, additional, Muntean, Marilena, additional, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, additional, Paquirissamy, Aurélie, additional, Perugini, Lucia, additional, Peters, Wouter, additional, Pilli, Roberto, additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Regnier, Pierre, additional, Scholze, Marko, additional, Serengil, Yusuf, additional, Smith, Pete, additional, Solazzo, Efisio, additional, Thompson, Rona L., additional, Tubiello, Francesco N., additional, Vesala, Timo, additional, and Walther, Sophia, additional

Published
2023
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15. Variable influence of photosynthetic thermal acclimation on future carbon uptake in Australian wooded ecosystems under climate change.

Author

Bennett, Alison C., Knauer, Jürgen, Bennett, Lauren T., Haverd, Vanessa, and Arndt, Stefan K.

Subjects
*ACCLIMATIZATION, *CLIMATE change, *CARBON sequestration in forests, *TEMPERATE forests, *SAVANNAS, *TROPICAL forests
Abstract

Climate change will impact gross primary productivity (GPP), net primary productivity (NPP), and carbon storage in wooded ecosystems. The extent of change will be influenced by thermal acclimation of photosynthesis—the ability of plants to adjust net photosynthetic rates in response to growth temperatures—yet regional differences in acclimation effects among wooded ecosystems is currently unknown. We examined the effects of changing climate on 17 Australian wooded ecosystems with and without the effects of thermal acclimation of C3 photosynthesis. Ecosystems were drawn from five ecoregions (tropical savanna, tropical forest, Mediterranean woodlands, temperate woodlands, and temperate forests) that span Australia's climatic range. We used the CABLE‐POP land surface model adapted with thermal acclimation functions and forced with HadGEM2‐ES climate projections from RCP8.5. For each site and ecoregion we examined (a) effects of climate change on GPP, NPP, and live tree carbon storage; and (b) impacts of thermal acclimation of photosynthesis on simulated changes. Between the end of the historical (1976–2005) and projected (2070–2099) periods simulated annual carbon uptake increased in the majority of ecosystems by 26.1%–63.3% for GPP and 15%–61.5% for NPP. Thermal acclimation of photosynthesis further increased GPP and NPP in tropical savannas by 27.2% and 22.4% and by 11% and 10.1% in tropical forests with positive effects concentrated in the wet season (tropical savannas) and the warmer months (tropical forests). We predicted minimal effects of thermal acclimation of photosynthesis on GPP, NPP, and carbon storage in Mediterranean woodlands, temperate woodlands, and temperate forests. Overall, positive effects were strongly enhanced by increasing CO2 concentrations under RCP8.5. We conclude that the direct effects of climate change will enhance carbon uptake and storage in Australian wooded ecosystems (likely due to CO2 enrichment) and that benefits of thermal acclimation of photosynthesis will be restricted to tropical ecoregions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. Evaluating nitrogen cycling in terrestrial biosphere models: a disconnect between the carbon and nitrogen cycles

Author

Kou-Giesbrecht, Sian, primary, Arora, Vivek K., additional, Seiler, Christian, additional, Arneth, Almut, additional, Falk, Stefanie, additional, Jain, Atul K., additional, Joos, Fortunat, additional, Kennedy, Daniel, additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, O'Sullivan, Michael, additional, Pan, Naiqing, additional, Sun, Qing, additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Vuichard, Nicolas, additional, and Zaehle, Sönke, additional

Published
2023
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18. Uncertainty and Emergent Constraints on Enhanced Ecosystem Carbon Stock by Land Greening

Author

Bian, Chenyu, primary, Xia, Jianyang, additional, Zhang, Xuanze, additional, Huang, Kun, additional, Cui, Erqian, additional, Zhou, Jian, additional, Wei, Ning, additional, Wang, Ying‐Ping, additional, Lombardozzi, Danica, additional, Goll, Daniel S., additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Arora, Vivek, additional, Yuan, Wenping, additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Friedlingstein, Pierre, additional, and Luo, Yiqi, additional

Published
2023
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19. Large Variability in Simulated Response of Vegetation Composition and Carbon Dynamics to Variations in Drought‐Heat Occurrence

Author

Tschumi, Elisabeth, primary, Lienert, Sebastian, additional, Bastos, Ana, additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Gregor, Konstantin, additional, Joos, Fortunat, additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Papastefanou, Philip, additional, Rammig, Anja, additional, van der Wiel, Karin, additional, Williams, Karina, additional, Xu, Yidi, additional, Zaehle, Sönke, additional, and Zscheischler, Jakob, additional

Published
2023
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20. Amazon forests a net carbon source during drought and under high rates of human-disturbance

Author

Rosan, Thais, primary, Sitch, Stephen, additional, O'Sullivan, Michael, additional, Basso, Luana, additional, Wilson, Chris, additional, Silva, Camila V. J., additional, Gloor, Manuel, additional, Fawcett, Dominic, additional, Heinrich, Viola, additional, de Souza, Jefferson Goncalves, additional, Bezerra, Francisco, additional, von Randow, Celso, additional, Mercado, Lina, additional, Gatti, Luciana, additional, Wiltshire, Andy, additional, Friedlingstein, Pierre, additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Schwingshackl, Clemens, additional, Williams, Mathew, additional, Smallman, Luke, additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Arora, Vivek, additional, Kennedy, Daniel, additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Wenping, Yuan, additional, Jain, Atul, additional, Falk, Stefanie, additional, Poulder, Ben, additional, Arneth, Almut, additional, Sun, Qing, additional, Zaehle, Sönke, additional, Walker, Anthony, additional, Kato, Etsushi, additional, Yue, Xu, additional, Bastos, Ana, additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, additional, Albergel, Clement, additional, and Aragão, Luiz, additional

Published
2023
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21. Can we model forest demography globally? Benchmarking of state-of-the-art Demographic DGVMs

Author

Eckes-Shephard, Annemarie, primary, Argles, Arthur, additional, Brzeziecki, Bogdan, additional, Cox, Peter, additional, De Kauwe, Martin G., additional, Esquivel Muelbert, Adriane, additional, Fisher, Rosie A., additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Koven, Charles D., additional, Lehtonen, Aleksi, additional, Longo, Marcos, additional, Luyssaert, Sebastiaan, additional, Marqués, Laura, additional, Moore, Jon, additional, Needham, Jessica F., additional, Olin, Stefan, additional, Peltoniemi, Mikko, additional, Sitch, Steven, additional, Stocker, Benjamin, additional, Weng, Ensheng, additional, Zuleta, Daniel, additional, and Pugh, Thomas, additional

Published
2023
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22. Confronting models with data: carbon-phosphorus interaction under elevated CO2 in a mature forest ecosystem (EucFACE)

Author

Jiang, Mingkai, primary, Medlyn, Belinda, additional, Wårlind, David, additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Goll, Daniel, additional, Yu, Lin, additional, Fleischer, Katrin, additional, Zhang, Haicheng, additional, Yang, Xiaojuan, additional, Zaehle, Sönke, additional, Ellsworth, David, additional, and Smith, Benjamin, additional

Published
2023
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23. Evaluating Nitrogen Cycling in Terrestrial Biosphere Models: Implications for the Future Terrestrial Carbon Sink

Author

Kou-Giesbrecht, Sian, primary, Arora, Vivek, additional, Seiler, Christian, additional, Arneth, Almut, additional, Falk, Stefanie, additional, Jain, Atul, additional, Joos, Fortunat, additional, Kennedy, Daniel, additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, O'Sullivan, Michael, additional, Pan, Naiqing, additional, Sun, Qing, additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Vuichard, Nicolas, additional, and Zaehle, Sönke, additional

Published
2023
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24. The consolidated European synthesis of CO2 emissions and removals for EU27 and UK: 1990–2020

Author

McGrath, Matthew Joseph, Petrescu, Ana-Maria-Roxana, Peylin, Philippe, Andrew, Robbie M., Matthews, Bradley, Dentener, Frank J., Balkovič, Juraj, Bastrikov, Vladislav, Becker, Meike, Broquet, Gregoire, Ciais, Philippe, Fortems-Cheiney, Audrey, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, Grassi, Giacomo, Harris, Ian, Jones, Matthew W., Knauer, Jürgen, Kuhnert, Matthias, Monteil, Guillaume, Munassar, Saqr, Palmer, Paul I., Peters, Glen P., Qiu, Chunjing, Schelhaas, Mart Jan, Tarasova, Oksana A., Vizzarri, Matteo, Winkler, Karina, Balsamo, Gianpaolo, Berchet, Antoine, Briggs, Peter, Brockmann, Patrick, Chevallier, Frederic, Conchedda, Giulia, Crippa, Monica, Dellaert, Stijn, A. C. Denier Van Der Gon, Hugo, Filipek, Sara, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Fuchs, Richard, Gauss, Michael, Gerbig, Christoph, Guizzardi, Diego, Günther, Dirk, Houghton, Richard A., Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Lauerwald, Ronny, Lerink, Bas, Van Der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T., Moulas, Geraud, Muntean, Marilena, Nabuurs, Gert Jan, Paquirissamy, Aurélie, Perugini, Lucia, Peters, Wouter, Pilli, Roberto, Pongratz, Julia, Regnier, Pierre, Scholze, Marko, Serengil, Yusuf, Smith, Pete, Solazzo, Efisio, Thompson, Rona L., N. Tubiello, Francesco, Vesala, Timo, and Walther, Sophia

Published
2023

25. Global Carbon Budget 2022

Author

Friedlingstein, Pierre, primary, O'Sullivan, Michael, additional, Jones, Matthew W., additional, Andrew, Robbie M., additional, Gregor, Luke, additional, Hauck, Judith, additional, Le Quéré, Corinne, additional, Luijkx, Ingrid T., additional, Olsen, Are, additional, Peters, Glen P., additional, Peters, Wouter, additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Schwingshackl, Clemens, additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Canadell, Josep G., additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Jackson, Robert B., additional, Alin, Simone R., additional, Alkama, Ramdane, additional, Arneth, Almut, additional, Arora, Vivek K., additional, Bates, Nicholas R., additional, Becker, Meike, additional, Bellouin, Nicolas, additional, Bittig, Henry C., additional, Bopp, Laurent, additional, Chevallier, Frédéric, additional, Chini, Louise P., additional, Cronin, Margot, additional, Evans, Wiley, additional, Falk, Stefanie, additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Gasser, Thomas, additional, Gehlen, Marion, additional, Gkritzalis, Thanos, additional, Gloege, Lucas, additional, Grassi, Giacomo, additional, Gruber, Nicolas, additional, Gürses, Özgür, additional, Harris, Ian, additional, Hefner, Matthew, additional, Houghton, Richard A., additional, Hurtt, George C., additional, Iida, Yosuke, additional, Ilyina, Tatiana, additional, Jain, Atul K., additional, Jersild, Annika, additional, Kadono, Koji, additional, Kato, Etsushi, additional, Kennedy, Daniel, additional, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Lefèvre, Nathalie, additional, Lindsay, Keith, additional, Liu, Junjie, additional, Liu, Zhu, additional, Marland, Gregg, additional, Mayot, Nicolas, additional, McGrath, Matthew J., additional, Metzl, Nicolas, additional, Monacci, Natalie M., additional, Munro, David R., additional, Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, additional, Niwa, Yosuke, additional, O'Brien, Kevin, additional, Ono, Tsuneo, additional, Palmer, Paul I., additional, Pan, Naiqing, additional, Pierrot, Denis, additional, Pocock, Katie, additional, Poulter, Benjamin, additional, Resplandy, Laure, additional, Robertson, Eddy, additional, Rödenbeck, Christian, additional, Rodriguez, Carmen, additional, Rosan, Thais M., additional, Schwinger, Jörg, additional, Séférian, Roland, additional, Shutler, Jamie D., additional, Skjelvan, Ingunn, additional, Steinhoff, Tobias, additional, Sun, Qing, additional, Sutton, Adrienne J., additional, Sweeney, Colm, additional, Takao, Shintaro, additional, Tanhua, Toste, additional, Tans, Pieter P., additional, Tian, Xiangjun, additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Tilbrook, Bronte, additional, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, additional, Tubiello, Francesco, additional, van der Werf, Guido R., additional, Walker, Anthony P., additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Whitehead, Chris, additional, Willstrand Wranne, Anna, additional, Wright, Rebecca, additional, Yuan, Wenping, additional, Yue, Chao, additional, Yue, Xu, additional, Zaehle, Sönke, additional, Zeng, Jiye, additional, and Zheng, Bo, additional

Published
2022
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26. Process-oriented analysis of dominant sources of uncertainty in the land carbon sink

Author

O'Sullivan, Michael, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Anthoni, Peter, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K, Bastrikov, Vladislav, Delire, Christine, Goll, Daniel S, Jain, Atul, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Knauer, Jürgen, Lienert, Sebastian, Lombardozzi, Danica, McGuire, Patrick C, Melton, Joe R, Nabel, Julia E M S, Pongratz, Julia, Poulter, Benjamin, Séférian, Roland, Tian, Hanqin, Vuichard, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and M.O.S., P.F. and S.S. have received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 821003 (project 4 C).

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Carbon Sequestration, Multidisciplinary, 530 Physics, Uncertainty, General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry, Carbon Dioxide, Plants, Carbon, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Earth sciences, Soil, ddc:550, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecosystem
Abstract

The observed global net land carbon sink is captured by current land models. All models agree that atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen deposition driven gains in carbon stocks are partially offset by climate and land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) losses. However, there is a lack of consensus in the partitioning of the sink between vegetation and soil, where models do not even agree on the direction of change in carbon stocks over the past 60 years. This uncertainty is driven by plant productivity, allocation, and turnover response to atmospheric CO2 (and to a smaller extent to LULCC), and the response of soil to LULCC (and to a lesser extent climate). Overall, differences in turnover explain ~70% of model spread in both vegetation and soil carbon changes. Further analysis of internal plant and soil (individual pools) cycling is needed to reduce uncertainty in the controlling processes behind the global land carbon sink.

Published
2022

27. Supplementary material to "Global Carbon Budget 2022"

Author

Friedlingstein, Pierre, primary, O'Sullivan, Michael, additional, Jones, Matthew W., additional, Andrew, Robbie M., additional, Gregor, Luke, additional, Hauck, Judith, additional, Le Quéré, Corinne, additional, Luijkx, Ingrid T., additional, Olsen, Are, additional, Peters, Glen P., additional, Peters, Wouter, additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Schwingshackl, Clemens, additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Canadell, Josep G., additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Jackson, Robert B., additional, Alin, Simone R., additional, Alkama, Ramdane, additional, Arneth, Almut, additional, Arora, Vivek K., additional, Bates, Nicholas R., additional, Becker, Meike, additional, Bellouin, Nicolas, additional, Bittig, Henry C., additional, Bopp, Laurent, additional, Chevallier, Frédéric, additional, Chini, Louise P., additional, Cronin, Margot, additional, Evans, Wiley, additional, Falk, Stefanie, additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Gasser, Thomas, additional, Gehlen, Marion, additional, Gkritzalis, Thanos, additional, Gloege, Lucas, additional, Grassi, Giacomo, additional, Gruber, Nicolas, additional, Gürses, Özgür, additional, Harris, Ian, additional, Hefner, Matthew, additional, Houghton, Richard A., additional, Hurtt, George C., additional, Iida, Yosuke, additional, Ilyina, Tatiana, additional, Jain, Atul K., additional, Jersild, Annika, additional, Kadono, Koji, additional, Kato, Etsushi, additional, Kennedy, Daniel, additional, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Lefèvre, Nathalie, additional, Lindsay, Keith, additional, Liu, Junjie, additional, Liu, Zhu, additional, Marland, Gregg, additional, Mayot, Nicolas, additional, McGrath, Matthew J., additional, Metzl, Nicolas, additional, Monacci, Natalie M., additional, Munro, David R., additional, Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, additional, Niwa, Yosuke, additional, O'Brien, Kevin, additional, Ono, Tsuneo, additional, Palmer, Paul I., additional, Pan, Naiqing, additional, Pierrot, Denis, additional, Pocock, Katie, additional, Poulter, Benjamin, additional, Resplandy, Laure, additional, Robertson, Eddy, additional, Rödenbeck, Christian, additional, Rodriguez, Carmen, additional, Rosan, Thais M., additional, Schwinger, Jörg, additional, Séférian, Roland, additional, Shutler, Jamie D., additional, Skjelvan, Ingunn, additional, Steinhoff, Tobias, additional, Sun, Qing, additional, Sutton, Adrienne J., additional, Sweeney, Colm, additional, Takao, Shintaro, additional, Tanhua, Toste, additional, Tans, Pieter P., additional, Tian, Xiangjun, additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Tilbrook, Bronte, additional, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, additional, Tubiello, Francesco, additional, van der Werf, Guido, additional, Walker, Anthony P., additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Whitehead, Chris, additional, Willstrand Wranne, Anna, additional, Wright, Rebecca, additional, Yuan, Wenping, additional, Yue, Chao, additional, Yue, Xu, additional, Zaehle, Sönke, additional, Zeng, Jiye, additional, and Zheng, Bo, additional

Published
2022
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28. Supplementary material to "Mapping land-use fluxes for 2001–2020 from global models to national inventories"

Author

Grassi, Giacomo, primary, Schwingshackl, Clemens, additional, Gasser, Thomas, additional, Houghton, Richard A., additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Canadell, Josep G., additional, Cescatti, Alessandro, additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Federici, Sandro, additional, Friedlingstein, Pierre, additional, Kurz, Werner A., additional, Sanz Sanchez, Maria J., additional, Abad Viñas, Raúl, additional, Alkama, Ramdane, additional, Ceccherini, Guido, additional, Kato, Etsushi, additional, Kennedy, Daniel, additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Korosuo, Anu, additional, McGrath, Matthew J., additional, Nabel, Julia, additional, Poulter, Benjamin, additional, Rossi, Simone, additional, Walker, Anthony P., additional, Yuan, Wenping, additional, Yue, Xu, additional, and Pongratz, Julia, additional

Published
2022
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29. Mapping land-use fluxes for 2001–2020 from global models to national inventories

Author

Grassi, Giacomo, primary, Schwingshackl, Clemens, additional, Gasser, Thomas, additional, Houghton, Richard A., additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Canadell, Josep G., additional, Cescatti, Alessandro, additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Federici, Sandro, additional, Friedlingstein, Pierre, additional, Kurz, Werner A., additional, Sanz Sanchez, Maria J., additional, Abad Viñas, Raúl, additional, Alkama, Ramdane, additional, Ceccherini, Guido, additional, Kato, Etsushi, additional, Kennedy, Daniel, additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Korosuo, Anu, additional, McGrath, Matthew J., additional, Nabel, Julia, additional, Poulter, Benjamin, additional, Rossi, Simone, additional, Walker, Anthony P., additional, Yuan, Wenping, additional, Yue, Xu, additional, and Pongratz, Julia, additional

Published
2022
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31. Interannual variability in the Australian carbon cycle over 2015–2019, based on assimilation of Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite data

Author

Villalobos, Yohanna, primary, Rayner, Peter J., additional, Silver, Jeremy D., additional, Thomas, Steven, additional, Haverd, Vanessa, additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Loh, Zoë M., additional, Deutscher, Nicholas M., additional, Griffith, David W. T., additional, and Pollard, David F., additional

Published
2022
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32. Global Carbon Budget 2021

Author

Friedlingstein, Pierre, Jones, Matthew W., O'Sullivan, Michael, Andrew, Robbie M., Bakker, Dorothee C.E., Hauck, Judith, Le Quéré, Corinne, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Rob B., Alin, Simone R., Anthoni, Peter, Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bopp, Laurent, Chau, Thi Tuyet Trang, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Currie, Kim I., Decharme, Bertrand, Djeutchouang, Laique M., Dou, Xinyu, Evans, Wiley, Feely, Richard A., Feng, Liang, Gasser, Thomas, Gilfillan, Dennis, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Grassi, Giacomo, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Jain, Atul, Jones, Steve D., Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Goldewijk, Kees Klein, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lienert, Sebastian, Liu, Junjie, Marland, Gregg, McGuire, Patrick C., Melton, Joe R., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E.M.S., Nakaoka, Shin Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, Ono, Tsuneo, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Séférian, Roland, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watson, Andrew J., Willis, David, Wiltshire, Andrew J., Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Zeng, Jiye, Integr. Assessm. Global Environm. Change, and Environmental Sciences

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Sciences(all)
Abstract

Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesize datasets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. Fossil CO2 emissions (EFOS) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, while emissions from land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land use and land-use change data and bookkeeping models. Atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly, and its growth rate (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) is estimated with global ocean biogeochemistry models and observation-based data products. The terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) is estimated with dynamic global vegetation models. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (BIM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as ±1σ. For the first time, an approach is shown to reconcile the difference in our ELUC estimate with the one from national greenhouse gas inventories, supporting the assessment of collective countries' climate progress. For the year 2020, EFOS declined by 5.4% relative to 2019, with fossil emissions at 9.5±0.5GtCyr-1 (9.3±0.5GtCyr-1 when the cement carbonation sink is included), and ELUC was 0.9±0.7GtCyr-1, for a total anthropogenic CO2 emission of 10.2±0.8GtCyr-1 (37.4±2.9GtCO2). Also, for 2020, GATM was 5.0±0.2GtCyr-1 (2.4±0.1ppmyr-1), SOCEAN was 3.0±0.4GtCyr-1, and SLAND was 2.9±1GtCyr-1, with a BIM of -0.8GtCyr-1. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration averaged over 2020 reached 412.45±0.1ppm. Preliminary data for 2021 suggest a rebound in EFOS relative to 2020 of +4.8% (4.2% to 5.4%) globally. Overall, the mean and trend in the components of the global carbon budget are consistently estimated over the period 1959-2020, but discrepancies of up to 1GtCyr-1 persist for the representation of annual to semi-decadal variability in CO2 fluxes. Comparison of estimates from multiple approaches and observations shows (1) a persistent large uncertainty in the estimate of land-use changes emissions, (2) a low agreement between the different methods on the magnitude of the land CO2 flux in the northern extra-tropics, and (3) a discrepancy between the different methods on the strength of the ocean sink over the last decade. This living data update documents changes in the methods and datasets used in this new global carbon budget and the progress in understanding of the global carbon cycle compared with previous publications of this dataset (Friedlingstein et al., 2020, 2019; Le Quéré et al., 2018b, a, 2016, 2015b, a, 2014, 2013). The data presented in this work are available at 10.18160/gcp-2021 (Friedlingstein et al., 2021).

Published
2022

33. Harmonising the land-use flux estimates of global models and national inventories for 2000–2020.

Author

Grassi, Giacomo, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Gasser, Thomas, Houghton, Richard A., Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Cescatti, Alessandro, Ciais, Philippe, Federici, Sandro, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Kurz, Werner A., Sanz Sanchez, Maria J., Abad Viñas, Raúl, Alkama, Ramdane, Bultan, Selma, Ceccherini, Guido, Falk, Stefanie, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, and Knauer, Jürgen

Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide, CLIMATE change mitigation, FORESTS & forestry, PARIS Agreement (2016), INVENTORIES, CLIMATE change, DEVELOPING countries
Abstract

As the focus of climate policy shifts from pledges to implementation, there is a growing need to track progress on climate change mitigation at the country level, particularly for the land-use sector. Despite new tools and models providing unprecedented monitoring opportunities, striking differences remain in estimations of anthropogenic land-use CO 2 fluxes between, on the one hand, the national greenhouse gas inventories (NGHGIs) used to assess compliance with national climate targets under the Paris Agreement and, on the other hand, the Global Carbon Budget and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment reports, both based on global bookkeeping models (BMs). Recent studies have shown that these differences are mainly due to inconsistent definitions of anthropogenic CO 2 fluxes in managed forests. Countries assume larger areas of forest to be managed than BMs do, due to a broader definition of managed land in NGHGIs. Additionally, the fraction of the land sink caused by indirect effects of human-induced environmental change (e.g. fertilisation effect on vegetation growth due to increased atmospheric CO 2 concentration) on managed lands is treated as non-anthropogenic by BMs but as anthropogenic in most NGHGIs. We implement an approach that adds the CO 2 sink caused by environmental change in countries' managed forests (estimated by 16 dynamic global vegetation models, DGVMs) to the land-use fluxes from three BMs. This sum is conceptually more comparable to NGHGIs and is thus expected to be quantitatively more similar. Our analysis uses updated and more comprehensive data from NGHGIs than previous studies and provides model results at a greater level of disaggregation in terms of regions, countries and land categories (i.e. forest land, deforestation, organic soils, other land uses). Our results confirm a large difference (6.7 GtCO 2 yr -1) in global land-use CO 2 fluxes between the ensemble mean of the BMs, which estimate a source of 4.8 GtCO 2 yr -1 for the period 2000–2020, and NGHGIs, which estimate a sink of -1.9 GtCO 2 yr -1 in the same period. Most of the gap is found on forest land (3.5 GtCO 2 yr -1), with differences also for deforestation (2.4 GtCO 2 yr -1), for fluxes from other land uses (1.0 GtCO 2 yr -1) and to a lesser extent for fluxes from organic soils (0.2 GtCO 2 yr -1). By adding the DGVM ensemble mean sink arising from environmental change in managed forests (-6.4 GtCO 2 yr -1) to BM estimates, the gap between BMs and NGHGIs becomes substantially smaller both globally (residual gap: 0.3 GtCO 2 yr -1) and in most regions and countries. However, some discrepancies remain and deserve further investigation. For example, the BMs generally provide higher emissions from deforestation than NGHGIs and, when adjusted with the sink in managed forests estimated by DGVMs, yield a sink that is often greater than NGHGIs. In summary, this study provides a blueprint for harmonising the estimations of anthropogenic land-use fluxes, allowing for detailed comparisons between global models and national inventories at global, regional and country levels. This is crucial to increase confidence in land-use emissions estimates, support investments in land-based mitigation strategies and assess the countries' collective progress under the Global Stocktake of the Paris Agreement. Data from this study are openly available online via the Zenodo portal (Grassi et al., 2023) at 10.5281/zenodo.7650360. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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34. Evaluating Nitrogen Cycling in Terrestrial Biosphere Models: Implications for the Future Terrestrial Carbon Sink.

Author

Kou-Giesbrecht, Sian, Arora, Vivek, Seiler, Christian, Arneth, Almut, Falk, Stefanie, Jain, Atul, Joos, Fortunat, Kennedy, Daniel, Knauer, Jürgen, Sitch, Stephen, O'Sullivan, Michael, Pan, Naiqing, Sun, Qing, Tian, Hanqin, Vuichard, Nicolas, and Zaehle, Sönke

Subjects
NITROGEN cycle, CARBON cycle, BIOSPHERE, WATER bikes
Abstract

Terrestrial carbon (C) sequestration is limited by nitrogen (N), a constraint that could intensify under CO2 fertilisation and future global change. The terrestrial C sink is estimated to currently sequester approximately a third of annual anthropogenic CO2 emissions based on an ensemble of terrestrial biosphere models, which have been evaluated in their ability to reproduce observations of the C, water, and energy cycles. However, their ability to reproduce observations of N cycling and thus the regulation of terrestrial C sequestration by N has been largely unexplored. Here, we evaluate an ensemble of terrestrial biosphere models with coupled C-N cycling and their performance at simulating N cycling, outlining a framework for evaluating N cycling that can be applied across terrestrial biosphere models. We find that models exhibit significant variability across N pools and fluxes, simulating different magnitudes and trends over the historical period, despite their ability to generally reproduce the historical terrestrial C sink. This suggests that the underlying N processes that regulate terrestrial C sequestration operate differently across models and may not be fully captured. Furthermore, models tended to overestimate tropical biological N fixation, vegetation C:N ratio, and soil C:N ratio but underestimate temperate biological N fixation relative to observations. However, there is significant uncertainty associated with measurements of N cycling processes given their scarcity (especially relative to those of C cycling processes) and their high spatiotemporal variability. Overall, our results suggest that terrestrial biosphere models that represent coupled C-N cycling (let alone those without a representation of N cycling) could be overestimating C storage per unit N, which could lead to biases in projections of the future terrestrial C sink under CO2 fertilisation and future global change. More extensive observations of N cycling processes are crucial to evaluate N cycling and its impact on C cycling as well as guide its development in terrestrial biosphere models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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35. The effect of differing drought-heat signatures on terrestrial carbon dynamics and vegetation composition: a multi-model comparison

Author

Tschumi, Elisabeth, primary, Lienert, Sebastian, additional, Bastos, Ana, additional, Gregor, Konstantin, additional, Joos, Fortunat, additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Rammig, Anja, additional, Thiery, Wim, additional, van der Wiel, Karin, additional, Wey, Hao-wei, additional, Williams, Karina, additional, Yao, Yi, additional, Zaehle, Sönke, additional, and Zscheischler, Jakob, additional

Published
2022
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36. Bridge to the future: Important lessons from 20 years of ecosystem observations made by the OzFlux network

Author

Beringer, Jason, primary, Moore, Caitlin E., additional, Cleverly, Jamie, additional, Campbell, David I., additional, Cleugh, Helen, additional, De Kauwe, Martin G., additional, Kirschbaum, Miko U. F., additional, Griebel, Anne, additional, Grover, Sam, additional, Huete, Alfredo, additional, Hutley, Lindsay B., additional, Laubach, Johannes, additional, Van Niel, Tom, additional, Arndt, Stefan K., additional, Bennett, Alison C., additional, Cernusak, Lucas A., additional, Eamus, Derek, additional, Ewenz, Cacilia M., additional, Goodrich, Jordan P., additional, Jiang, Mingkai, additional, Hinko‐Najera, Nina, additional, Isaac, Peter, additional, Hobeichi, Sanaa, additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Koerber, Georgia R., additional, Liddell, Michael, additional, Ma, Xuanlong, additional, Macfarlane, Craig, additional, McHugh, Ian D., additional, Medlyn, Belinda E., additional, Meyer, Wayne S., additional, Norton, Alexander J., additional, Owens, Jyoteshna, additional, Pitman, Andy, additional, Pendall, Elise, additional, Prober, Suzanne M., additional, Ray, Ram L., additional, Restrepo‐Coupe, Natalia, additional, Rifai, Sami W., additional, Rowlings, David, additional, Schipper, Louis, additional, Silberstein, Richard P., additional, Teckentrup, Lina, additional, Thompson, Sally E., additional, Ukkola, Anna M., additional, Wall, Aaron, additional, Wang, Ying‐Ping, additional, Wardlaw, Tim J., additional, and Woodgate, William, additional

Published
2022
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38. Supplementary material to "Interannual variability in the Australian carbon cycle over 2015–2019, based on assimilation of OCO-2 satellite data"

Author

Villalobos, Yohanna, primary, Rayner, Peter J., additional, Silver, Jeremy D., additional, Thomas, Steven, additional, Haverd, Vanessa, additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Loh, Zoë M., additional, Deutscher, Nicholas M., additional, Griffith, David W. T., additional, and Pollard, David F., additional

Published
2022
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40. Global Carbon Budget 2021

Author

Friedlingstein, Pierre, primary, Jones, Matthew W., additional, O'Sullivan, Michael, additional, Andrew, Robbie M., additional, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., additional, Hauck, Judith, additional, Le Quéré, Corinne, additional, Peters, Glen P., additional, Peters, Wouter, additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Canadell, Josep G., additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Jackson, Rob B., additional, Alin, Simone R., additional, Anthoni, Peter, additional, Bates, Nicholas R., additional, Becker, Meike, additional, Bellouin, Nicolas, additional, Bopp, Laurent, additional, Chau, Thi T. T., additional, Chevallier, Frédéric, additional, Chini, Louise P., additional, Cronin, Margot, additional, Currie, Kim I., additional, Decharme, Bertrand, additional, Djeutchouang, Laique, additional, Dou, Xinyu, additional, Evans, Wiley, additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Feng, Liang, additional, Gasser, Thomas, additional, Gilfillan, Dennis, additional, Gkritzalis, Thanos, additional, Grassi, Giacomo, additional, Gregor, Luke, additional, Gruber, Nicolas, additional, Gürses, Özgür, additional, Harris, Ian, additional, Houghton, Richard A., additional, Hurtt, George C., additional, Iida, Yosuke, additional, Ilyina, Tatiana, additional, Luijkx, Ingrid T., additional, Jain, Atul K., additional, Jones, Steve D., additional, Kato, Etsushi, additional, Kennedy, Daniel, additional, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, additional, Körtzinger, Arne, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Lauvset, Siv K., additional, Lefèvre, Nathalie, additional, Lienert, Sebastian, additional, Liu, Junjie, additional, Marland, Gregg, additional, McGuire, Patrick C., additional, Melton, Joe R., additional, Munro, David R., additional, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, additional, Niwa, Yosuke, additional, Ono, Tsuneo, additional, Pierrot, Denis, additional, Poulter, Benjamin, additional, Rehder, Gregor, additional, Resplandy, Laure, additional, Robertson, Eddy, additional, Rödenbeck, Christian, additional, Rosan, Thais M., additional, Schwinger, Jörg, additional, Schwingshackl, Clemens, additional, Séférian, Roland, additional, Sutton, Adrienne J., additional, Sweeney, Colm, additional, Tanhua, Toste, additional, Tans, Pieter P., additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Tilbrook, Bronte, additional, Tubiello, Francesco, additional, van der Werf, Guido, additional, Vuichard, Nicolas, additional, Wada, Chisato, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Watson, Andrew, additional, Willis, David, additional, Wiltshire, Andrew J., additional, Yuan, Wenping, additional, Yue, Chao, additional, Yue, Xu, additional, Zaehle, Sönke, additional, and Zeng, Jiye, additional

Published
2021
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41. Thermal optima of gross primary productivity are closely aligned with mean air temperatures across Australian wooded ecosystems

Author

Bennett, Alison C., primary, Arndt, Stefan K., additional, Bennett, Lauren T., additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Beringer, Jason, additional, Griebel, Anne, additional, Hinko‐Najera, Nina, additional, Liddell, Michael J., additional, Metzen, Daniel, additional, Pendall, Elise, additional, Silberstein, Richard P., additional, Wardlaw, Timothy J., additional, Woodgate, William, additional, and Haverd, Vanessa, additional

Published
2021
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42. Was Australia a sink or source of CO2 in 2015? Data assimilation using OCO-2 satellite measurements

Author

Villalobos, Yohanna, Rayner, Peter J., Silver, Jeremy D., Thomas, Steven, Haverd, Vanessa, Knauer, Jürgen, Loh, Zoë M., Deutscher, Nicholas M., Griffith, David W. T., and Pollard, David F.

Abstract

In this study, we present the assimilation of data from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) (land nadir and glint data, version 9) to estimate the Australian carbon surface fluxes for the year 2015. To perform this estimation, we used both a regional-scale atmospheric transport–dispersion model and a four-dimensional variational assimilation scheme. Our results suggest that Australia was a carbon sink of −0.41 ± 0.08 PgC yr−1 compared to the prior estimate 0.09 ± 0.20 PgC yr−1 (excluding fossil fuel emissions). Most of the carbon uptake occurred in northern Australia over the savanna ecotype and in the western region over areas with sparse vegetation. Analysis of the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) suggests that the majority of the carbon uptake over the savanna ecosystem was due to an increase of vegetation productivity (positive EVI anomalies) amplified by an anomalous increase of rainfall in summer. Further from this, a slight increase of carbon uptake in Western Australia over areas with sparse vegetation (the largest ecosystem in Australia) was noted due to increased land productivity in the area caused by positive rainfall anomalies. The stronger carbon uptake estimate in this ecosystem was partially due to the land surface model (CABLE-BIOS3) underestimating the gross primary productivity of the ecosystem. To evaluate the accuracy of our carbon flux estimates from OCO-2 retrievals, we compare our posterior concentration fields against the column-averaged carbon retrievals from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) and ground-based in situ monitoring sites located around our domain. The validation analysis against TCCON shows that our system is able to reduce bias mainly in the summer season. Comparison with surface in situ observations was less successful, particularly over oceanic monitoring sites that are strongly affected by oceanic fluxes and subject to less freedom by the inversion. For stations located far from the coast, the comparison with in situ data was more variable, suggesting difficulties matching the column-integrated and surface data by the inversion, most likely linked to model vertical transport. Comparison of our fluxes against the OCO-2 model intercomparison (MIP) was encouraging. The annual carbon uptake estimated by our inversion falls within the ensemble of the OCO-2 MIP global inversions and presents a similar seasonal pattern.

Published
2021

43. Mapping land-use fluxes for 2001-2020 from global models to national inventories.

Author

Grassi, Giacomo, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Gasser, Thomas, Houghton, Richard A., Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Cescatti, Alessandro, Ciais, Philippe, Federici, Sandro, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Kurz, Werner A., Sanchez, Maria J. Sanz, Abad Viñas, Raúl, Alkama, Ramdane, Ceccherini, Guido, Etsushi Kato, Kennedy, Daniel, Knauer, Jürgen, Korosuo, Anu, and McGrath, Matthew J.

Subjects
EARTH system science, TREE growth, CARBON cycle, CLIMATE change mitigation, ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide, PHYSICAL sciences, INVENTORIES, ATMOSPHERIC sciences
Published
2022
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44. How Nitrogen and Phosphorus Availability Change Water Use Efficiency in a Mediterranean Savanna Ecosystem

Author

El‐Madany, Tarek S., primary, Reichstein, Markus, additional, Carrara, Arnaud, additional, Martín, M. Pilar, additional, Moreno, Gerardo, additional, Gonzalez‐Cascon, Rosario, additional, Peñuelas, Josep, additional, Ellsworth, David S., additional, Burchard‐Levine, Vicente, additional, Hammer, Tiana W., additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Kolle, Olaf, additional, Luo, Yunpeng, additional, Pacheco‐Labrador, Javier, additional, Nelson, Jacob A., additional, Perez‐Priego, Oscar, additional, Rolo, Victor, additional, Wutzler, Thomas, additional, and Migliavacca, Mirco, additional

Published
2021
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45. Supplementary material to "Was Australia a sink or source of CO<sub>2</sub> in 2015? Data assimilation using OCO-2 satellite measurements"

Author

Villalobos, Yohanna, primary, Rayner, Peter J., additional, Silver, Jeremy D., additional, Thomas, Steven, additional, Haverd, Vanessa, additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Loh, Zoë M., additional, Deutscher, Nicholas M., additional, Griffith, David W. T., additional, and Pollard, David F., additional

Published
2021
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47. Trends and Drivers of Terrestrial Sources and Sinks of Carbon Dioxide: An Overview of the TRENDY Project

Author

Sitch, Stephen, O’Sullivan, Michael, Robertson, Eddy, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Albergel, Clément, Anthoni, Peter, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K., Bastos, Ana, Bastrikov, Vladislav, Bellouin, Nicolas, Canadell, Josep G., Chini, Louise, Ciais, Philippe, Falk, Stefanie, Harris, Ian, Hurtt, George, Ito, Akihiko, Jain, Atul K., Jones, Matthew W., Joos, Fortunat, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Kluzek, Erik, Knauer, Jürgen, Lawrence, Peter J., Lombardozzi, Danica, Melton, Joe R., Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Pan, Naiqing, Peylin, Philippe, Pongratz, Julia, Poulter, Benjamin, Rosan, Thais M., Sun, Qing, Tian, Hanqin, Walker, Anthony P., Weber, Ulrich, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Xu, and Zaehle, Sönke

Abstract

The terrestrial biosphere plays a major role in the global carbon cycle, and there is a recognized need for regularly updated estimates of land‐atmosphere exchange at regional and global scales. An international ensemble of Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs), known as the “Trends and drivers of the regional scale terrestrial sources and sinks of carbon dioxide” (TRENDY) project, quantifies land biophysical exchange processes and biogeochemistry cycles in support of the annual Global Carbon Budget assessments and the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes, phase 2 project. DGVMs use a common protocol and set of driving data sets. A set of factorial simulations allows attribution of spatio‐temporal changes in land surface processes to three primary global change drivers: changes in atmospheric CO2, climate change and variability, and Land Use and Land Cover Changes (LULCC). Here, we describe the TRENDY project, benchmark DGVM performance using remote‐sensing and other observational data, and present results for the contemporary period. Simulation results show a large global carbon sink in natural vegetation over 2012–2021, attributed to the CO2fertilization effect (3.8 ± 0.8 PgC/yr) and climate (−0.58 ± 0.54 PgC/yr). Forests and semi‐arid ecosystems contribute approximately equally to the mean and trend in the natural land sink, and semi‐arid ecosystems continue to dominate interannual variability. The natural sink is offset by net emissions from LULCC (−1.6 ± 0.5 PgC/yr), with a net land sink of 1.7 ± 0.6 PgC/yr. Despite the largest gross fluxes being in the tropics, the largest net land‐atmosphere exchange is simulated in the extratropical regions. Around one third of human‐induced CO2emissions are absorbed by land ecosystems and thus act to mitigate climate change. It is essential to understand the processes, ecosystems and regions responsible for this natural carbon sink, to inform on the efficiency of the sinks into the future. These sinks are susceptible to year‐to‐year variation in response to climate variations and extremes. At the same time deforestation and other forms of land management are changing the land surface, which overall adds significantly to the human‐induced CO2emissions. There is a need to regularly update our estimate of land carbon dynamics to aid global stock takes for the Paris agreement to avoid dangerous climate change. Here we present an international initiative that on an annual basis assesses “Trends and drivers of the regional scale terrestrial sources and sinks of carbon dioxide” (TRENDY) using computer models of the land carbon cycle. We quantify the land sink during the contemporary period (2012–2021), and attribute to processes, mainly the large opposing effects of CO2fertilization enhancing plant productivity and land‐use change. Forests and semi‐arid ecosystems are largely responsible for the mean and trend in the land sink, with the latter most important for its year‐to‐year variation. We quantify and attribute land carbon dynamics to underlying processes at regional scales, contributing bottom‐up estimates to RECCAP‐2Models simulate a contemporary net land sink of 1.7 ± 0.6 PgC/yr, with large opposing effects of CO2fertilization and land‐use changeDespite the largest gross fluxes being in the tropics, the largest net land‐atmosphere exchange is simulated in the extratropical regions We quantify and attribute land carbon dynamics to underlying processes at regional scales, contributing bottom‐up estimates to RECCAP‐2 Models simulate a contemporary net land sink of 1.7 ± 0.6 PgC/yr, with large opposing effects of CO2fertilization and land‐use change Despite the largest gross fluxes being in the tropics, the largest net land‐atmosphere exchange is simulated in the extratropical regions

Published
2024
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48. Integrating the evidence for a terrestrial carbon sink caused by increasing atmospheric CO2

Author

Walker, Anthony P., primary, De Kauwe, Martin G., additional, Bastos, Ana, additional, Belmecheri, Soumaya, additional, Georgiou, Katerina, additional, Keeling, Ralph F., additional, McMahon, Sean M., additional, Medlyn, Belinda E., additional, Moore, David J. P., additional, Norby, Richard J., additional, Zaehle, Sönke, additional, Anderson‐Teixeira, Kristina J., additional, Battipaglia, Giovanna, additional, Brienen, Roel J. W., additional, Cabugao, Kristine G., additional, Cailleret, Maxime, additional, Campbell, Elliott, additional, Canadell, Josep G., additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Craig, Matthew E., additional, Ellsworth, David S., additional, Farquhar, Graham D., additional, Fatichi, Simone, additional, Fisher, Joshua B., additional, Frank, David C., additional, Graven, Heather, additional, Gu, Lianhong, additional, Haverd, Vanessa, additional, Heilman, Kelly, additional, Heimann, Martin, additional, Hungate, Bruce A., additional, Iversen, Colleen M., additional, Joos, Fortunat, additional, Jiang, Mingkai, additional, Keenan, Trevor F., additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Körner, Christian, additional, Leshyk, Victor O., additional, Leuzinger, Sebastian, additional, Liu, Yao, additional, MacBean, Natasha, additional, Malhi, Yadvinder, additional, McVicar, Tim R., additional, Penuelas, Josep, additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Powell, A. Shafer, additional, Riutta, Terhi, additional, Sabot, Manon E. B., additional, Schleucher, Juergen, additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Smith, William K., additional, Sulman, Benjamin, additional, Taylor, Benton, additional, Terrer, César, additional, Torn, Margaret S., additional, Treseder, Kathleen K., additional, Trugman, Anna T., additional, Trumbore, Susan E., additional, van Mantgem, Phillip J., additional, Voelker, Steve L., additional, Whelan, Mary E., additional, and Zuidema, Pieter A., additional

Published
2020
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49. Interannual variability in the Australian carbon cycle over 2015-2019, based on assimilation of OCO-2 satellite data.

Author

Villalobos, Yohanna, Rayner, Peter J., Silver, Jeremy D., Thomas, Steven, Haverd, Vanessa, Knauer, Jürgen, Loh, Zoë M., Deutscher, Nicholas M., Griffith, David W.T., and Pollard, David F.

Abstract

In this study, we employ a regional inverse modelling approach to estimate monthly carbon fluxes over the Australian continent for 2015-2019 using the assimilation of the total column-averaged mole fractions of carbon dioxide from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2, version 9). Subsequently, we study the carbon cycle variations and relate their fluctuations to anomalies in vegetation productivity and climate drivers. Our five-year regional carbon flux inversion suggests that Australia was a carbon sink averaging -0.46 ± 0.08 PgC yr-1 (excluding fossil fuel emissions), largely influenced by a strong carbon uptake (-1.04 PgC yr-1) recorded in 2016. Australia semi-arid ecosystems, such as sparsely vegetated regions (in central Australia) and savanna (in northern Australia), were the main contributors to the carbon uptake in 2016. These regions showed relatively high vegetation productivity, high rainfall and low temperature in 2016. In contrast to the large carbon sink found in 2016, the large carbon outgassing recorded in 2019 coincides with an unprecedented deficit of rainfall and higher than average temperature across Australia. Comparison of the posterior column average CO2 concentration against the Total Carbon Column Observing Networks (TCCON) and in situ measurements offers limited insight into the fluxes assimilated with OCO-2. However, the lack of these monitoring stations across Australia, mainly over ecosystems such as the savanna and areas with sparse vegetation, impedes us from providing strong conclusions. Comparison of our flux inversion to the ensemble mean carbon flux of the OCO-2 Multi-model Intercomparison Project (MIP) (2015-2018) agrees with our findings, and their results also suggest that Australia was a strong carbon sink in 2016 (-0.73 ± 0.41 PgC yr-1). The analysis of the variability of the nine models that participate in the OCO-2 MIP also aligns with our findings, and it gives us the confidence to say that changes in rainfall and temperature drive most of the carbon flux variability across Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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50. Variability of ecosystem scale water-use efficiency in a nutrient manipulation experiment

Author

EI-Madany, Tarek, primary, Reichstein, Markus, additional, Carrara, Arnaud, additional, Martin, M. Pilar, additional, Moreno, Gerardo, additional, Gonzalez-Cascon, Rosario, additional, Penuelas, Josep, additional, Burchard-Levin, Vicente, additional, Hammer, Tiana, additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Kolle, Olaf, additional, Luo, Yunpeng, additional, Pacheco-Labrador, Javier, additional, Perez-Priego, Oscar, additional, Rolo, Victor, additional, Wutzler, Thomas, additional, and Migliavacca, Mirco, additional

Published
2020
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