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Drawing on the motivation opportunity ability (MOA) theoretical framework, we examine whether there is a three-way interaction between the unique features of virtual academic conferences (VACs), namely construal level (motivation), schedule and location flexibility (opportunity), and digital competence (ability), that predicts knowledge exchange in terms of knowledge sharing and acquisition during VACs, which in turn allows attendees to thrive during VACs. Based on a sample of 166 VAC attendees of two large academic management conferences that were collected pre and post VACs, we found that all three elements of the MOA theoretical framework need to be present to predict knowledge exchange in VACs. Both knowledge acquisition and knowledge sharing mediate most of the indirect effect of the three-way interaction concerning thriving. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed as well as future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smoking prevalence remains high in Europe and widening socioeconomic group differences are driving health inequalities. While plain packaging policies disrupt tobacco industry tactics that sustain smoking, evidence of their equity impact is sparse. This study evaluated the implementation of plain packaging in Ireland in 2018 on consumer responses, overall and by the socioeconomic group. Consecutive nationally representative cross-sectional surveys (2018, n  = 7701 and 2019, n  = 7382) measured changes in 13 consumer responses among respondents who smoked across three domains: product appeal, health warnings effectiveness, and perceived harmfulness of smoking. Multiple logistic regression-derived adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals to compare responses post- versus pre-implementation adjusting for age, gender, educational level, and heaviness of smoking. A stratified analysis examined changes by socioeconomic group indexed using educational level. There were statistically significant changes in consumer responses to plain packaging policy implementation across 7/13 outcomes studied. Five changes were aligned with expected policy impacts (2/6 product appeal outcomes and 3/4 health warning effectiveness outcomes). Two responses were also observed which were not expected policy impacts (1 appeal-related and 1 perceived harm-related outcome). There was no change in five outcomes. Differences in consumer responses between educational groups were generally small, mixed in nature, and indistinguishable when interval estimates of effect were compared. Implementation of plain packaging in Ireland had intended impacts on consumer responses. Including plain packaging requirements in revising the European Union's legislative frameworks for tobacco control will help build progress towards a Tobacco-Free Europe without exacerbating smoking inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to describe the goals, activities, and methods of EUMOVE project in developing a set of resources targeting both primary and secondary schools that allow the entire educational community to promote healthy lifestyles (HL). The EUMOVE project is an Erasmus+ program based in the Creating Active Schools (CAS) framework. The project lasted 3 years and was developed by 14 academic and non-governmental institutions from Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, and the UK. EUMOVE was divided into three phases. In the first phase, several work packages were carried out aimed to ensure the coordination/management of the project activities. In the second phase, seven educational resources strengthened by rigorous scientific research were developed to promote HL from schools. During the last phase, all the resources were disseminated through scientific seminars, workshops with families and teachers, and the online promotion by the non-governmental institutions of each country. The EUMOVE project developed and promoted a smartphone APP, video/activity repository of physically active lessons, active break virtual platform, learning units, and parent/teachers/school-leaders' guidelines to promote physical activity, active commuting, active school playgrounds, healthy diet, and sleep habits. To our knowledge, EUMOVE is the first European project to provide a set of practical tools based on scientific evidence to help schools or future school-wide interventions implement a paradigm shift based on the CAS framework for the promotion of HL. Future research will need to investigate the implementation, effectiveness, and scalability of this proposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The early socio-economic differences in smoking build on the interplay between individual-, family-, peer-, and school-related factors. The present study aimed to add knowledge to this by examining susceptibility to smoking (S-SM), electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use (S-EC), and smokeless tobacco (snus) use (S-SN) by educational aspirations in a country with advanced tobacco control policies. National cross-sectional School Health Promotion study survey was conducted among 8.–9. grade students (av. 15-year-olds) in 2017 with no prior smoking (n  = 47 589), e-cigarette use (n  = 49 382), or snus use (n  = 53 335). Gender-stratified, age-adjusted multilevel logistic regression analyses with S-SM, S-EC, and S-SN were considered as outcomes and student- and school-level (aggregated) factors were considered as independent variables. The highest prevalence was observed for S-EC (girls 29%, boys 35%), followed by S-SM (16%, 15%) and S-SN (10%, 16%). Compared to those planning for general upper secondary education, S-SM was the highest for those without educational aspirations (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.04–1.40), S-EC for those planning for vocational education [1.15 (1.05–1.25)], and S-SN for those planning for extra year/discontinuation [1.65 (1.04–2.60)] among girls. Among boys, both S-SM [1.37 (1.23–1.52)] and S-EC [1.19 (1.09–1.29)] were the highest among those planning for vocational education, with no clear associations with S-SN. Current other tobacco/e-cigarette use [OR range 1.27–8.87], positive attitude towards product use in one's age group [3.55–6.63], and liking school [0.58–0.68] consistently associated with susceptibility. Students not planning for academically oriented education had higher susceptibility to different nicotine products. High S-EC warrants monitoring to strengthen policy evaluation and prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global public health threat and key priority for the public health, especially health protection, workforce to lead by example. There is a paucity of learning resources on this for public health professionals (PHPs) in the UK. This project aimed to develop and disseminate a tailored interactive learning resource and evaluate impact on self-reported intention to change behaviour. Methods Learning objectives were agreed, content developed by the multi-disciplinary team and piloted by PHPs in 2022 alongside a matched pre- and post-implementation evaluation survey. Questions were mapped to the capability–opportunity–motivation–behaviour change model. Before and after responses were calculated to compare change in self-reported knowledge, understanding and behaviour. Significance of change in binary responses was estimated. Results The resource was delivered using an interactive, user-friendly and cost-free internal platform. Thirty-one PHPs completed the pilot e-learning and survey. Perceived and actual knowledge increased in parallel. Actual knowledge on AMR burden increased from 6.45 to 35.48% (P  = 0.004). Self-reported confidence to explain AMR to others improved by 0.71 (95% CI; 0.38–1.04: P  = 0.0001) Likert points on a five-point scale. Motivation to advocate for antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in day-to-day work, improved by 0.71 (95% CI; 0.34–1.08: P  < 0.00001) Likert points. Case scenarios were well-received as an effective way to apply theory to practice. Conclusion Ensuring a well-informed and confident public health workforce is vital for reducing the AMR threat and advocating for AMS with the public and partner organizations. This targeted e-learning module is an effective additional learning medium in contributing to PHPs knowledge, understanding and self-reported intention to change behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Trends in overweight and obesity among expectant parents can provide useful information about the family environment in which children will grow up and about possible social inequalities that may be passed on to them. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity changed over time in pre-pregnant women and their male partners in northern Sweden, and if there were any educational inequalities. Methods This study is based on cross-sectional data from a repeated survey of the population in Västerbotten, Sweden. The study population included 18,568 pregnant women and 18,110 male partners during the period 2010–2019. Multinomial logistic regression models were fitted separately for pregnant women and male partners to assess whether the prevalence of age-adjusted underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity had evolved between 2010 and 2019, and whether trends differed by educational level. Results Among women, obesity prevalence increased from 9.4% in 2010 to 11.7% in 2019. Among men, it went from 8.9 to 12.8%. Educational inequalities were sustained across the study period. In 2019, the prevalence of obesity was 7.8 percentage points (pp) (CI = 4.4–11.3) higher among women with low compared to high education. The corresponding figure for men was 6.4 pp (CI = 3.3–9.6). Conclusions It is not obvious that the prevalence of obesity among parents-to-be will decrease under current dispositions. Public health policies and practice should therefore be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background In 2022, the US experienced a significant increase in demand for minimally invasive aesthetic procedures, underscoring its rising acceptance amid an unregulated educational environment for practitioners. The absence of standardized educational pathways and quality control in aesthetic medicine, primarily provided by nonacademic institutions, highlights a critical need for establishing educational standards to ensure practitioner competence and patient safety. Objectives The aim of this study was to identify levels of competency for the aesthetic practitioner and necessary achievement milestones during the educational path from novice to expert injector. Methods A total of n = 386 international study participants responded to an online questionnaire regarding their experience in aesthetic medicine practice. The questionnaire comprised 58 questions focusing on professional data, the perceived difficulty of injection, and risk for the occurrence of adverse events for specific facial regions in soft tissue filler and toxin injections. Results Regardless of medical specialty and experience level, averages of 3.85 (1.8) years, 786.4 (2628) filler injections and 549.9 (1543) toxin injections were estimated to progress from novice to advanced injector, while averages of 6.10 (3.7) years, 1842.2 (4793) filler injections, and 1308.5 (3363) toxin injections were estimated to advance from advanced to expert injector. The nose and the perioral region have been ranked as the facial regions where it is most difficult to achieve a perfect aesthetic outcome and with the greatest risk for the occurrence of adverse events for filler and toxin injections, respectively. Conclusions In this study we establish an educational framework in aesthetic medicine by defining the progression from novice to competent and expert injector levels, suggesting 4 years of practice and over 790 filler and 550 neuromodulator injections for competence, and at least 6 years with 1840 filler and 1310 neuromodulator injections for expertise. We also identify critical facial regions for targeted treatments by different expertise levels. Level of Evidence: 4 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The efficacy of conveying information through maps heavily depends on the quality of map generalization. However, automating map generalization poses a complex decision‐making challenge, requiring a profound understanding of the process—specifically, knowledge about the generalization procedure. Currently, there is a scarcity of research on the sequence of generalization operations, particularly for cartographic generalization involving symbolization and labeling. On the contrary, customary maps generated in practical applications consistently adhere to the specified generalization and symbolization protocol, which makes it feasible and credible to construct this overall process based on expert knowledge. To reconcile this incongruity, this paper presents a knowledge‐guided automated cartographic generalization process construction. Firstly, an exhaustive examination of the sequential procedures involved in manual generalization and a well‐applied automated generalization system are delineated, drawing upon map analysis methodologies, observations, and expert interviews. Then, elaborate guidelines governing each phase within this process, particularly concerning the symbolization and labeling of map features, are explored. Ultimately, details of the expert interview are described and a map generalized by the well‐applied system is analyzed. The results show that the automated generalization system follows the knowledge‐guided process in this paper can significantly improve production efficiency in practice, this study serves as a connection between cartographers and developers and may help achieve a higher level of automated cartographic generalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Between 2011 and 2014, The Combat Casualty Training Consortium research study sought to evaluate all aspects of combat casualty care, including mortality, with a special focus on the incidence and causes of potentially preventable deaths among U.S. combat fatalities. This study identified a major training gap in critical airway management. To address this gap, the Advanced Joint Airway Management System (AJAMS) was designed and assessed for physical fidelity and educational utility in a population of paramedic instructors. Materials and Methods Paramedic instructors served as participants in this prospective observational pilot study (n  = 12). Participants interacted with three airway management trainers: The AJAMS trainer, the Laerdal Airway Management Trainer, and the TruCorp AirSim Advance Bronchi X Trainer. Participants then completed an evaluation of the trainer using a purpose-built data collection instrument that queried the trainer's realism and educational utility. Within-group differences were analyzed via a 1-way repeated measures ANOVA, with a Bonferroni post hoc analysis. Rank data were analyzed via non-parametric Freidman's test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test post hoc analysis, corrected using the Bonferroni correction. Results The AJAMS trainer conveys significantly more physical fidelity (visual: P  < .001, ηp2 = 0.977; tactile: P  < .001, ηp2 = 0.983; and behavioral: P  = .001, ηp2 = 0.971) and overall educational utility (χ2(2) = 15.273, P  < .001) than the two commercially available skill trainers. Conclusions These data suggest that physical fidelity is an important attribute in the design of simulators for health care, as perceived by expert instructors. These data illustrate that the AJAMS-integrated simulator demonstrates unparalleled physical fidelity, relative to commercially available airway management skill trainers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Between 2011 and 2014, the Combat Casualty Training Consortium research study sought to evaluate all aspects of combat casualty care, including mortality, with a special focus on the incidence and causes of potentially preventable deaths among American combat fatalities. This study identified a major training gap in critical airway management. Because of the high rate of morbidity and mortality associated with poor or incorrect airway management, an effort to address this training gap was necessary. Materials and Methods This experiment compared the training using the Advanced Joint Airway Management System, a novel high-fidelity airway simulator, relative to one of the most utilized simulators for endotracheal intubation (ETI) via a parallel group randomized control trial design. Before training, participants (n  = 19) attempted an ETI on a cadaver using direct laryngoscopy. Performance during the attempt was recorded and scored by trained blinded raters. Participants were then randomly allocated to either novel or conventional training. Post-training, participants completed a second ETI under the same parameters. Analysis was completed via 2 × 2 mixed analysis of variance for (1) ETI Score, (2) Errors, (3) Critical Failures, and (4) Duration, across both the pre- and post-training tests and between the two groups. Results A priori power analysis required a total sample size of 84 participants in this experimental design. Consequently, this study is under-powered to reach statistical significance. Scores for all trainees did improve with training, yet analyses did not reveal a difference in overall ETI score between the novel and conventional training group, at baseline or at the post-training test (P  = .249). Conclusion The Advanced Joint Airway Management System simulator presents a training effect that is comparable to the conventional training model. However, given this study's small sample size, these results must be considered preliminary and further research is merited to draw firm conclusions about its impact on trainee performance. Future studies engaging larger cohorts of trainees and exploring the other capabilities of the Advanced Joint Airway Management System (cricothyroidotomy, needle chess decompression) are needed to further examine the educational potential of this novel airway management training system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Department of the Air Force basic military training (BMT) is the 7.5-week initial entry training for all enlisting U.S. Air Force and Space Force recruits. Overuse musculoskeletal injuries (MSKI) during training threaten success in BMT, and trainees with nutritional deficiencies are at higher risk. Several efforts are made at BMT to mitigate these issues to help trainees graduate on time, such as the distribution of multivitamins (MVI) to female recruits. However, trainee compliance with the prescribed MVI has been reported to be low, calling into question the effectiveness of this intervention. This study evaluated the effect of briefing modality offered to these trainees at the time of distribution on educational effectiveness, MVI compliance, and injury rates. Materials and Methods This was a randomized controlled cohort study of BMT female trainees. Subjects included all female trainees of a single iteration of BMT concurrently completing training within the same squadron. At the outset of training, cohorts were randomly educated in one of two ways regarding the provided MVI. The control cohort (n  = 80) was presented with the standard educational video created by BMT-registered dietitians, while the test cohort (n  = 79) was presented the video and then also briefed in-person by a group of subject matter experts. At the end of BMT, the trainees completed a questionnaire regarding their knowledge, confidence, and compliance with the MVI. Additionally, a routinely collected training database was queried and analyzed for differences in injuries and training outcomes using the chi-squared test with significance set to α ≤ 0.05. Results Although both cohorts found their educational presentation useful, the "in-person" cohort reported significantly higher compliance rates and were found to be diagnosed with MSKI and bone stress injuries at significantly lower rates (43% and 66% relative risk reductions, respectively). Conclusions Education to female BMT trainees regarding the MVI, which included a face-to-face discussion with subject matter experts, resulted in greater compliance and reduced incidence of MSKI and bone stress injury, compared to a video prepared by registered dietitians alone. Such educational approaches should continue to be strived for in this and other military population health measures. This study's implication of MVI efficacy for injury risk reduction in female trainees should be further studied, verified, and improved upon in this and other populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of the Big Five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness) on knowledge acquisition and application by Pakistani university librarians. To increase their impact in academic institutions, it is imperative to examine how people acquire and apply knowledge within the field of librarianship. This study employed a quantitative research approach based on the survey research method. The Big Five personality inventory designed by John and Srivastava was adopted, however, measurement items related to knowledge acquisition and application behavior were developed with the help of the existing literature. The study population comprised academic librarians working in the university libraries of Pakistan, with a census sampling method used to collect data and 357 completed questionnaires received. The results indicated that extraversion, agreeableness, and openness to experience positively affect the university librarian's knowledge acquisition, while neuroticism has a negative effect. The findings also revealed that extraversion and openness to experience positively affects academic librarians' knowledge application behavior while neuroticism has a negative effective, however, conscientiousness and agreeableness personality traits were found to be insignificant predictors of the same. This study highlights the significant personality features contributing to knowledge acquisition and application behavior in academic libraries from a developing country's perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The purpose of this study was to conduct a general educational needs assessment to identify deficiencies in current Army pharmacy education while projecting future educational requirements based on changes in pharmacy practice and evolving demands of military medicine. Materials and Methods Twelve pharmacists participated in a facilitated discussion using the nominal group technique. Data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods to establish consensus. Member checking was used to verify and validate the findings. Results Participants generated 190 knowledge, skill, and ability (KSA) statements over 3 sessions. Twenty-one statements achieved consensus. Four consensus statements were skills, 7 were knowledge, and 10 were abilities. KSAs were categorized into pharmaceutical care, military, logistics, or legal domain based on a thematic analysis. Conclusions With modernized, relevant KSAs, the Army can measure and train a ready pharmacy force. Individual Critical Tasks augmented with KSAs are one potential approach we recommend as a strategy to improve Army pharmacist health profession education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on enhancing Cross-domain Named Entity Recognition (NER) by recognizing the discrepant transferability between entity detection and type prediction tasks. It introduces a novel paradigm called divide-and-transfer, employing separate functional modules for each task to improve domain transfer effectiveness.

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Before colonization, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities had nurturing, holistic, and communitarian approaches that promoted extended and healthy lives for their children. Colonization, marked by policies of genocide and assimilation, has resulted in an alarming overrepresentation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children under the care of child protection agencies, resulting in compromised health outcomes and reduced life expectancies. We are conducting a study designed to enhance positive developmental outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children by articulating and enabling the rights of mothers and children to breastfeed in the context of a child protection intervention and child removal. To understand and address this problem, it is critical to implement culturally safe, de‐colonized, emancipatory research that is guided by and benefits Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. This article presents an emancipatory framework that we are applying to our study using an Aboriginal participatory action research approach, that serves as a guide for non‐Indigenous researchers seeking to conduct research with Indigenous communities. We emphasize the importance of incorporating an Aboriginal participatory action research framework, using community consultation and codesign; culturally secure data collection methods, and paying attention to Indigenous data sovereignty. Developing trusting respectful relationships is conducive to knowledge acquisition, exchange, and use, when research approaches deeply rooted in community involvement are applied. A call to action by the critical midwifery studies collective, urges non‐Indigenous researchers to become accountable allies that demonstrates respect for community leadership while actively striving to ensure research does not perpetuate further harm, and produces effective change. This article provides an overview of ways to conduct ethical emancipatory research with Indigenous participants, that is, of benefit to midwifery practitioners and is applicable to many areas of research, policy, and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper assesses the value of agroecological farm schools by analyzing 4 Senegalese cases. Pedagogical quality is measured by: (1) feedback from former learners, (2) acquisition of fundamental knowledge, and (3) professionalization. Beyond globally positive opinions about training, our results show that farm schools display distinct performances. Developing a systemic perspective is not an easy task, but having trainers with more advanced agroecological expertise is an asset. Effective training builds on active pedagogy. Post-training business establishment is facilitated when farm schools create networks in agroecology and/or offer a consequent starter kit. Farm schools could thus contribute to agroecological transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This perspective article examines the differences between memory, information, and knowledge. It is proposed that the creation of knowledge is not simply the extraction of information or sequencing and storage of memories, but its contextualization that offers a point of advantage for survival within a decision-making framework; outside these contexts there are no useful memories and therefore no relevant knowledge. A constellation of neural networks spread across multiple brain regions must work together to grow knowledge over time. Knowledge must be stored in such a way that it can be accessed by multiple tokens, or handles, at any time. The emergence of knowledge networks underlies the evolution of complex brains that can predict outcomes, induce imagination and expand knowledge. Attention and sleep play important roles in creating and protecting knowledge. The brain receives information via sensory inputs through the peripheral nervous system and stores a small subset as memories within the central nervous system. Short-term, working memory is present in the hippocampus whereas long-term memories are distributed within neural networks throughout the brain. Elegant studies on the mechanisms for memory storage and the neuroeconomic formulation of human decision making have been recognized with Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine and in Economics, respectively. There is a wide gap, however, in our understanding of how memories of disparate bits of information translate into "knowledge", and the neural mechanisms by which knowledge is used to make decisions. I propose that the conceptualization of a "knowledge network" for the creation, storage and recall of knowledge is critical to start bridging this gap. Knowledge creation involves value-driven contextualization of memories through cross-validation via certainty-seeking behaviors, including rumination or reflection. Knowledge recall, like memory, may occur via oscillatory activity that dynamically links multiple networks. These networks may show correlated activity and interactivity despite their presence within widely separated regions of the nervous system, including the brainstem, spinal cord and gut. The hippocampal–amygdala complex together with the entorhinal and prefrontal cortices are likely components of multiple knowledge networks since they participate in the contextual recall of memories and action selection. Sleep and reflection processes and attentional mechanisms mediated by the habenula are expected to play a key role in knowledge creation and consolidation. Unlike a straightforward test of memory, determining the loci and mechanisms for the storage and recall of knowledge requires the implementation of a naturalistic decision-making paradigm. By formalizing a neuroscientific concept of knowledge networks, we can experimentally test their functionality by recording large-scale neural activity during decision making in awake, naturally behaving animals. These types of studies are difficult but important also for advancing knowledge-driven as opposed to big data-driven models of artificial intelligence. A knowledge network-driven understanding of brain function may have practical implications in other spheres, such as education and the treatment of mental disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The present study aims to identify the antecedents and consequences of blockchain adoption in the wine industry from the absorptive capacity perspective through a multiple case study approach. Design/methodology/approach: A multiple case study approach was utilized, wherein data was gathered through semi-structured interviews and secondary sources of information from the five Italian innovative wineries. Findings: The results show that the dynamic capabilities of wineries and the creation of strategic partnerships are common conditions for the adoption of blockchain technology (BCT). In addition, findings reveal that creating value for all supply chain stakeholders and preventing counterfeit products are the most important consequences of BCT adoption. Research limitations/implications: This study fills a gap in the literature by investigating the drivers of BCT technology adoption under two theoretical lenses, Absorptive capacity and Dynamic capability theories, confirming the usefulness of these two theories in explaining the process of innovation adoption. Originality/value: The originality of our research study lies in its investigation of the antecedents and consequences of BCT adoption in the wine supply chain, focusing specifically on the role of dynamic capabilities, knowledge acquisition and assimilation, strategic partnerships and open interactions with external actors in driving technological innovation and the successful implementation of BCT in the wine industry. By offering empirical data on the drivers and impacts of BCT adoption, as well as theoretical implications for technological innovation and value creation in the wine sector, our study contributes to filling gaps in the existing literature and provides practical insights for wineries and AgTechs seeking to integrate BCT into their business models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The conventional perception of heritage conservators’ knowledge has primarily focused on their explicit knowledge rooted between science and humanities. However, this perspective on their knowledge is imprecise and often overlooks other intangible dimensions, particularly their accumulated practical (hands-on) tacit knowledge, which extends beyond the traditional view and is often reduced to a mere skill. This comment/perspective article challenges this traditional view and aims to explore the significance of this ineffable knowledge and the possible implications of repetitive practical sensorimotor motions on the conservator's brain, embodied cognition, intuition, and decision-making. This new vision aims to reflect on how we understand the scope of knowledge of worldwide heritage conservators and to open new doors for research and interdisciplinary collaborations.

Drawing on an exhaustive analysis of 112 scholarly articles dedicated to the field of Knowledge Management in Family Businesses (KMFB), this study systematically examines the prevailing research frontiers, investigates the intricate dynamics of knowledge management processes, explores the multifaceted outcomes within family business contexts, and provides an array of theoretical perspectives to underpin the empirical investigations. A pivotal focal point that emerges from this comprehensive investigation is the significance of the succession process, which serves as a pivotal link between knowledge processes and the effectiveness in harnessing innovation, entrepreneurial orientation, sustainability, and internationalization outcomes. Notably, a discernible pattern surfaces from the analysis, with a substantial proportion of the KMFB literature grounded in three prominent theoretical lenses: the knowledge-based view, resource-based view, and dynamic capabilities. These theoretical frameworks provide robust foundations for explicating the underlying mechanisms and dynamics that drive knowledge management and its impact on family business performance. Furthermore, this systematic literature review uncovers a rich landscape of opportunities for future research endeavors. It illuminates potential avenues for novel research designs, innovative investigations into knowledge processes, exploration of diverse outcomes, and the application of alternative theoretical perspectives within KMFB research. These prospects hold immense promise in advancing scholarly knowledge, refining existing theories, and providing fresh insights into the intricate interplay between knowledge management and family business performance. Plain language summary: Drawing on an exhaustive analysis of 112 scholarly articles dedicated to the field of Knowledge Management in Family Businesses (KMFB), this study systematically examines the prevailing research frontiers, investigates the intricate dynamics of knowledge management processes, explores the multifaceted outcomes within family business contexts, and provides an array of theoretical perspectives to underpin the empirical investigations. Despite its relatively modest representation and dispersion across disciplinary boundaries, KMFB research has made commendable advancements, attaining notable recognition in academia and engendering fertile prospects for future inquiry. A pivotal focal point that emerges from this comprehensive investigation is the significance of the succession process, which serves as a pivotal link between knowledge processes and the effectiveness in harnessing innovation, entrepreneurial orientation, sustainability, and internationalization outcomes. This critical junction underscores the importance of understanding how knowledge flows and is managed within family business settings, thereby shaping these enterprises' trajectory and ultimate success. Notably, a discernible pattern surfaces from the analysis, with a substantial proportion of the KMFB literature grounded in three prominent theoretical lenses: the knowledge-based view, resource-based view, and dynamic capabilities. These theoretical frameworks provide robust foundations for explicating the underlying mechanisms and dynamics that drive knowledge management and its impact on family business performance. Furthermore, this systematic literature review uncovers a rich landscape of opportunities for future research endeavours. It illuminates potential avenues for novel research designs, innovative investigations into knowledge processes, exploration of diverse outcomes, and the application of alternative theoretical perspectives within KMFB research. These prospects hold immense promise in advancing scholarly knowledge, refining existing theories, and providing fresh insights into the intricate interplay between knowledge management and family business performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional perception of heritage conservators' knowledge has primarily focused on their explicit knowledge rooted between science and humanities. However, this perspective on their knowledge is imprecise and often overlooks other intangible dimensions, particularly their accumulated practical (hands-on) tacit knowledge, which extends beyond the traditional view and is often reduced to a mere skill. This comment/perspective article challenges this traditional view and aims to explore the significance of this ineffable knowledge and the possible implications of repetitive practical sensorimotor motions on the conservator's brain, embodied cognition, intuition, and decision-making. This new vision aims to reflect on how we understand the scope of knowledge of worldwide heritage conservators and to open new doors for research and interdisciplinary collaborations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep learning fromcollaboration occurs if the learner enacts interactive activities in the sense of leveraging the knowledge externalized by co-learners as resource for own inferencing processes and if these interactive activities in turn promote the learner's deep comprehension outcomes. This experimental study investigates whether inducing dyad members to enact constructive preparation activities can promote deep learning from subsequent collaboration while examining prior knowledge as moderator. In a digital collaborative learning environment, 122 non-expert university students assigned to 61 dyads studied a text about the human circulatory system and then prepared individually for collaboration according to their experimental conditions: the preparation tasks varied across dyads with respect to their generativity, that is, the degree to which they required the learners to enact constructive activities (note-taking, compare-contrast, or explanation). After externalizing their answer to the task, learners in all conditions inspected their partner's externalization and then jointly discussed their text understanding via chat. Results showed that more rather than less generative tasks fostered constructive preparation but not interactive collaboration activities or deep comprehension outcomes. Moderatedmediation analyses considering actor and partner effects indicated the indirect effects of constructive preparation activities on deep comprehension outcomes via interactive activities to depend on prior knowledge: when own prior knowledge was relatively low, self-performed but not partner-performed constructive preparation activities were beneficial. When own prior knowledge was relatively high, partner-performed constructive preparation activities were conducive while one's own were ineffective or even detrimental. Given these differential effects, suggestions are made for optimizing the instructional design around generative preparation tasks to streamline the effectiveness of constructive preparation activities for deep learning from digital collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In real-world object recognition, there are numerous object classes to be recognized. Traditional image recognition methods based on supervised learning can only recognize object classes present in the training data, and have limited applicability in the real world. In contrast, humans can recognize novel objects by questioning and acquiring knowledge about them. Inspired by this, we propose a framework for acquiring external knowledge by generating questions that enable the model to instantly recognize novel objects. Our framework comprises three components: the object classifier (OC), which performs knowledge-based object recognition, the question generator (QG), which generates knowledge-aware questions to acquire novel knowledge, and the policy decision (PD) Model, which determines the "policy" of questions to be asked. The PD model utilizes two strategies, namely "confirmation" and "exploration"—the former confirms candidate knowledge while the latter explores completely new knowledge. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed pipeline effectively acquires knowledge about novel objects compared to several baselines, and realizes novel object recognition utilizing the obtained knowledge. We also performed a real-world evaluation in which humans responded to the generated questions, and the model used the acquired knowledge to retrain the OC, which is a fundamental step toward a real-world human-in-the-loop learning-by-asking framework. We plan to release the dataset immediately upon acceptance of our work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of institutional investors' knowledge acquisition through corporate site visits (IICSV) on stock price crash risk (SPCR) for firms with and without SPCR from a new perspective. We use data from Chinese listed firms and analyze the impact of IICSV on SPCR while considering the difference in visiting objects. Our empirical results show that the impact of IICSV differs across different firms. For firms with SPCR, IICSV enhances SPCR, while for firms without SPCR, IICSV significantly reduces SPCR. We further examine the underlying mechanisms and find that the impact of IICSV is mainly based on information channels and is more pronounced for private firms, non-manufacturing firms, and firms with tradable institutional investors. We also explore the impact of IICSV under different conditions and find that over-investment reduces the governance effect. Based on our findings, we suggest that the behavior of institutional investors during IICSV should be limited and supervised to ensure suitable disclosure of visiting information and stop collusion between institutional investors and managers. We highlight the difference in institutional investors' behavior and strategy at different firms, which should be considered in future research. Additionally, the research could focus on the economic consequences of IICSV and its determinants, such as the reverse causality between IICSV and information disclosure. Our study contributes to the literature on institutional investors' impact on corporate governance and provides insights for regulators and investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of knowledge acquisition and representation in manufacturing technologies is vital for translating complex manufacturing data into actionable insights and advancing a comprehensive knowledge framework. This framework is pivotal in driving innovation and efficiency in intelligent manufacturing. This review aggregates recent research on knowledge acquisition and representation within the manufacturing process, addressing existing challenges and mapping potential future developments. It includes an analysis of 123 papers that focus on harnessing advanced intelligent analytics to extract operationally relevant knowledge from the extensive datasets typical in manufacturing environments. The narrative then examines the methodologies for constructing models of knowledge in manufacturing processes and explores their applications in manufacturing principles, design, management, and decision-making. This paper highlights the limitations of current technologies and projects emerging research avenues in the acquisition and representation of process knowledge within intelligent manufacturing systems, with the objective of informing future technological breakthroughs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Despite the growing importance of bioinformatics in molecular diagnostics, not all medical laboratory sciences (MLS) programs provide instruction in this field. We developed and assessed a virtual laboratory learning unit to introduce basic bioinformatics concepts and tools to MLS students. Methods The unit included a video tutorial, written instructions for the online laboratory activity, and a postactivity review video. The effectiveness of the instruction was evaluated using preassessment and postassessment questions, performance of the online tasks, and a survey assessing the students' attitudes toward the learning unit. Results A prototype of the module was tested with 32 graduate and undergraduate students. Modifications were made based on the pilot test results and student feedback, and the refined version was subsequently evaluated with a different group of 20 undergraduate students. The participants responded favorably to the learning unit and successfully achieved the learning objectives, gaining familiarity with fundamental bioinformatics concepts and terminology, effectively employing basic computational tools, and developing an appreciation for the field. Conclusions Our learning unit is a promising tool for introducing MLS students to the field of bioinformatics. As an open educational resource, it has the potential to be integrated into molecular biology education for MLS programs anywhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Innovation and entrepreneurship have become critical drivers of economic growth and development in the 21st century. To equip students with the skills and mindset required for success in this dynamic landscape, higher vocational colleges have increasingly incorporated innovation and entrepreneurship education into their curricula. This study explores the role of innovation and entrepreneurship education in promoting the growth of students in higher vocational colleges. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review of literature related to innovation and entrepreneurship education in higher vocational colleges was conducted. Additionally, a survey was administered to a sample of 500 students from various higher vocational colleges to gather insights into their experiences with such education. The survey measured various aspects, including knowledge acquisition, skill development, and attitudes toward entrepreneurship. Results: The study found that innovation and entrepreneurship education significantly contributed to the growth of students in higher vocational colleges. Knowledge acquisition scores increased by an average of 25%, while skill development scores showed an average improvement of 30%. Moreover, students exposed to such education exhibited a more positive attitude toward entrepreneurship, with 70% expressing an increased interest in pursuing entrepreneurial ventures. Conclusion: Innovation and entrepreneurship education play a pivotal role in fostering the growth of students in higher vocational colleges. The acquisition of knowledge and development of entrepreneurial skills are essential components of this growth process. Furthermore, a positive attitude toward entrepreneurship can lead to increased interest in entrepreneurial activities, thereby contributing to economic growth and job creation. Higher vocational colleges should continue to prioritize and enhance innovation and entrepreneurship education as a means of preparing students for success in the evolving global economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the relationship between personal knowledge management and employee performance by accounting for the mediational effect of thriving at work. The study used a cross-sectional survey to obtain data from 204 academic staff randomly sampled from state-owned uni­versities in Delta State, Nigeria. The partial least squares method was applied to treat and analyze the data collected with the help of SmartPLS 4 software. The analysis revealed that knowledge sharing, creation, and acquisition were positively and significantly related to employee performance. Furthermore, the mediation role of thriving was also confirmed. In conclusion, personal knowledge management activities comprising knowledge sharing, knowledge creation, and knowledge acqui­sition, directly and indirectly, affected employee performance through thriving at work. The study recommended that public managers should incentivize and support the personalization of knowledge management activities across organizational levels, as it benefited thriving at work and employee performance, especially its adaptive aspects. Furthermore, personal knowledge management and thriving at work were driven or guided by knowledge, making organizations need to curate inter­ven­tions to improve knowledge.

Samar Abdelazim Ahmed,1,2 Nagwa N Hegazy,3 Hebat Allah Ahmed Amin,4 Mariam IM Ismail,5 Yasser Fouad Alakid,6 Archana Prabu Kumar7 1Dubai Medical College for Girls, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; 2Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; 3Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University (MU), Menoufia, Egypt; 4Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt; 5Faculty of Medicine, Delta University, Dakahlia, Egypt; 6Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; 7Medical Education Department, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, BahrainCorrespondence: Samar Abdelazim Ahmed, Email Prof.samar@dmcg.eduBackground: Culture is an essential component that governs all aspects of human behavior. Superstition is an irrational belief observed in almost all cultures. It is linked to one or more factors like supernatural powers, good luck, bad omen, fiction, illegitimate activity, absurd narration, folk tales, or practice without any rational basis.Methods: A cross-sectional social experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of cultural appropriation as a tool to enhance medical knowledge acquisition and attitudinal development in medical education. The experiment was designed to target a non-medical population. Four superstition-oriented videos were developed with 20 scientific pieces of information related to forensic medicine. A data collection sheet was developed on Microsoft form with 16 questions was distributed on the participants.Results: Out of the 986 participants, 763 (77.5%) watched the whole set of videos. About 55– 95% of responders demonstrated knowledge acquisition of all the questions. There was a statistically significant difference between those who watched the videos and those who did not. When participants were asked about the most important information they remember from the videos, their answers fell into two main categories; information related to core scientific knowledge (80% of participants) and information not related to the core knowledge (16% of respondents). The top three areas for the reasons why people wanted to watch the videos were curiosity, knowledge, and career. A change in attitudes was reported among the participants where 80% of responders demonstrated curiosity to know more about this world, 46% responders reported developing more respect for the forensic physician and 43% revealed their ignorance about this great hidden world.Conclusion: Cultural appropriation could be a needed strategy to accommodate for upscale in education. Learners might validate that learning happens through a door that adopts not only honours their culture and adapts to it.Keywords: contextualization, knowledge acquisition, medical education

Abstract This article investigates the interplay between knowledge acquisition and the stepwise migration trajectories of low-skilled Vietnamese workers in China. Utilizing a rich array of data garnered from face-to-face interviews, customized surveys, on-site observations, media narratives, and an archival review of government regulations in Guangxi—a province bordering Vietnam—and in Guangdong, a non-adjacent province, this study proposes an analytical framework, skill-driven migration, to highlight the synergy between the pre-migratory socio-demographic attributes of migrants and the circumstances prevailing in both the places of origin and destination which orchestrates distinct job allocations and skill augmentation avenues. Notably, our study underscores that the competencies acquired in manufacturing employments potentially broaden the horizon of destinations for migrants in their subsequent stepwise migration endeavors. This phenomenon, in turn, poses intricate immigration management quandaries for newly emerged destination nations like China, spotlighting a nuanced dimension of labor mobility and policy frameworks in the evolving regional economic integration. Last, our findings challenge the conventional dichotomy of high-skilled and low-skilled categories of labor migration, as well as the dichotomy of explicit-tacit knowledge.

Abstract The rapid proliferation and integration of AI chatbots in office environments, specifically the advanced AI model ChatGPT, prompts an examination of how its features and updates impact knowledge processes, satisfaction, and word-of-mouth (WOM) among office workers. This study investigates the determinants of WOM among office workers who are users of ChatGPT. We adopted a quantitative approach, utilizing a stratified random sampling technique to collect data from a diverse group of office workers experienced in using ChatGPT. The hypotheses were rigorously tested through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using the SmartPLS 4. The results revealed that system updates, memorability, and non-language barrier attributes of ChatGPT significantly enhanced knowledge acquisition and application. Additionally, the human-like personality traits of ChatGPT significantly increased both utilitarian value and satisfaction. Furthermore, the study showed that knowledge acquisition and application led to a significant increase in utilitarian value and satisfaction, which subsequently increased WOM. Age had a positive influence on WOM, while gender had no significant impact. The findings provide theoretical contributions by expanding our understanding of AI chatbots' role in knowledge processes, satisfaction, and WOM, particularly among office workers.

The current research is aimed at achieving a model for managing experiences and tacit knowledge by emphasizing the statements of Imam Khamenei as one of the main directional factors in the macro issue of knowledge management in the country. In terms of philosophy and philosophical paradigm, this research was formed in the field of interpretive research and based on the interpretation of qualitative data, and thematic analysis methodology and Atlas 23 software were used to analyze the qualitative data. In order to obtain the unit of analysis, after searching for the keywords of experience, experiences, experiences, experienced, lesson, historical memory, 253 units of meaning were identified in the published and accessible statements of Imam Khamenei. Based on the findings of the research, 102 basic themes, 16 organizing themes and 4 overarching themes include: individual experiences, organizational experiences, national experiences, global experiences, thematic experiences, acquiring and documenting experiences, analyzing and updating experiences, transforming experiences, sharing experiences, support and culture building, use of experiences, conditions of using experiences, internal barriers, external barriers, results of using experiences and macro consequences were extracted. In the end, the network of drawing themes and basic, organizing and comprehensive themes in the field of experience management was presented.

Ambar Hussain,1 Henna Ahmed,1 Warda Mansur2 1University of Birmingham, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK; 2Queen Mary’s University of London, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UKCorrespondence: Ambar Hussain, Email ambarhussain13@gmail.com

The concept of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) has gained interest as an approach to make significant contributions to the transformation towards more liveable, sustainable, and climate-resilient cities. However, the uptake of NbS into urban development practice is hindered by knowledge and governance barriers. Knowledge plays an essential role in evidence-based decision-making processes and in building the capacity to co-design sustainable pathways. In turn, governance processes can greatly support the acquisition, dissemination and application of knowledge. However, little is known about how these interactions between governance and knowledge manifest in practice. Therefore, we aim to understand the interplay between governance and monitoring & assessment (M&A) and the associated challenges and opportunities for NbS implementation in European and Latin American cities. Considering different socio-economic and cultural contexts allows us to draw from a wider range of practitioners’ experiences in different governance settings. We conducted an explorative qualitative content analysis on ten semi-structured expert interviews with thirteen city experts from local governments and academia based in seven cities: Bogota (CO), Buenos Aires (AR), Santiago (CL), São Paulo (BR), Barcelona (ES), Lisbon (PT) and Turin (IT). Our findings show that M&A provides agency for individual, institutional actors to steer political commitment and can support integrated working. The potential of collaborative M&A with non-governmental actors is still largely untapped, which requires acknowledgement of the capacities of non-governmental actors to contribute to M&A and raise awareness of the value of M&A to civil society. Furthermore, we recommend integrating more reflective learning opportunities in M&A processes, paying more attention to data sharing, and considering of more feasible M&A processes.

Phishing, a well-known cyberattack that cannot be completely eradicated from the Internet, has increased dramatically since the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite previous efforts to reduce this prevalent Internet threat, constantly changing attacks make phishing detection a difficult task. The lack of continuous learning support provided by existing solutions and the lack of a systematic knowledge acquisition process make its detection more difficult. SmartiPhish is introduced in this context as the first anti-phishing solution with integrated continuous learning support with an innovative knowledge acquisition process. SmartiPhish combines deep learning and reinforcement learning to have a successful phishing detection solution. The deep learning model predicts a phishing probability for a given web page based on the URL and HTML content, and the probability is then passed to a reinforcement learning environment to make a decision based on the popularity of the web page and prior knowledge of it. SmartiPhish has a detection accuracy of 96.40% and a detection time of 4.3 s. SmartiPhish performs well in an imbalanced environment, and zero-day attack detection is also interesting. Furthermore, SmartiPhish demonstrated a 5.65% performance improvement in just six weeks, in contrast to the existing anti-phishing tools' declining performance trend over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: This paper aims to inform nursing and other healthcare disciplines by clearly defining patient competence and the skills required to improve self‐care behaviours. Background: Competence has been defined in education and leadership. However, competence in persons with chronic disease has not been expanded upon since one publication in 1983. Patient competence needs to be developed and defined so that healthcare disciplines can understand the attributes necessary for a patient to be deemed competent to promote self‐care behaviours. Design: A concept derivation. Methods: Walker and Avant's approach to concept derivation was used to identify a base concept (competence) that is well‐defined in another field, define the concepts associated with the parent field, and transpose that definition to a new field to formulate a redefined concept. PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science and Medline were searched, and 21 articles were included. Results: Patient competence is defined as the ability of a person with a chronic illness to reach skill mastery, achieve knowledge, maintain a positive attitude and develop trust in themselves and in healthcare providers that will facilitate active engagement to improve self‐care behaviours. Conclusions: Defining patient competence is important in assisting nurses and other healthcare providers in understanding the attributes needed to deem a patient competent, especially those living with chronic illnesses requiring lifelong self‐care behaviours. More research is needed to aid in the designing of a precise instrument for measuring this phenomenon. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Concept derivation of patient competence provides a framework for nurses and other members of the healthcare profession to understand the attributes needed to determine patient competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the interplay between knowledge acquisition and the stepwise migration trajectories of low-skilled Vietnamese workers in China. Utilizing a rich array of data garnered from face-to-face interviews, customized surveys, on-site observations, media narratives, and an archival review of government regulations in Guangxi—a province bordering Vietnam—and in Guangdong, a non-adjacent province, this study proposes an analytical framework, skill-driven migration, to highlight the synergy between the pre-migratory socio-demographic attributes of migrants and the circumstances prevailing in both the places of origin and destination which orchestrates distinct job allocations and skill augmentation avenues. Notably, our study underscores that the competencies acquired in manufacturing employments potentially broaden the horizon of destinations for migrants in their subsequent stepwise migration endeavors. This phenomenon, in turn, poses intricate immigration management quandaries for newly emerged destination nations like China, spotlighting a nuanced dimension of labor mobility and policy frameworks in the evolving regional economic integration. Last, our findings challenge the conventional dichotomy of high-skilled and low-skilled categories of labor migration, as well as the dichotomy of explicit-tacit knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Drawing on the dynamic capability view, this study aims to examine the relationships between big data analytics capability (BDAC) and sustainable supply chain performance (SSCP) by exploring the mediating effects of knowledge development (KD) in terms of knowledge acquisition, information distribution, shared meaning and achieved memory. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected by questionnaire survey from 300 manufacturing organizations. Structural equation modeling was used to test the research hypotheses. Findings: It was found that all the dimensions of KD were positively related to BDAC and SSCP. Although no direct association was established between BDAC and SSCP, the empirical findings indicated that all the dimensions of KD fully mediated the relationship between BDAC and SSCP. This highlights that organizations need to harness KD because developing BDAC alone may not be sufficient. Originality/value: No previous research has explored how KD dimensions such as knowledge acquisition, information distribution, shared meaning and achieved memory mediate the relationship between BDAC and SSCP. This paper addresses this gap in the literature and contributes to the existing debate to better understand the conditions in which BDAC affects SSCP. Pointers for future research are also identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]