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It is generally acknowledged that researchers who cross the boundary of disciplines are more likely to produce novel outputs. The knowledge exchanges contributed by boundary crossing provide a good explanation for the underlying mechanism. However, previous studies provide limited empirical evidence on whether and how these contributions are made. This paper analyzes how boundary crossing researchers originated from physics induce interdisciplinary knowledge flows. We find that applied sciences are the most common target domain for boundary crossing activities originating from physics. The normalized citation network shows that boundary crossing contributes to more knowledge exchanges between physics and the target fields than the average level. Beyond the original and target fields, boundary crossing activities also demonstrate spillover effects, causing additional knowledge flows among a wider range of fields beyond physics. Based on the induced knowledge exchanges, we define distinct roles that boundary crossing outputs play in this process, namely settlers, disseminators, transcenders, and maintainers, and reveal that they have distinct performances on interdisciplinarity. Given the contribution boundary crossing activities have made in fostering interdisciplinary research and knowledge flows, we encourage the funding bodies to break the limitation of disciplinary barriers and establish more grant schemes to support productive and meaningful interactions across different fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of foreign patents on knowledge spillovers to domestic firms in India using patent citation data. It analyses a panel dataset of 250 Indian firms and 5309 patents granted by the U.S. Patent Office to Indian assignees between 1990 and 2016. The findings reveal a positive relationship between foreign patenting and knowledge flows from foreign patents to domestic firms. However, the study does not find any significant influence of TRIPS-related policy changes in 1998, 2002, and 2005 on knowledge spillovers. Additionally, firm-level characteristics such as size and patent stocks play a significant role in knowledge spillovers. The study emphasise that policy changes alone may not be sufficient to promote knowledge spillovers and underscores the importance of fostering innovation, enhancing the absorptive capacity of Indian firms, and raising awareness about the benefits of utilising patent documents for knowledge acquisition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on understanding the features that identify and characterise knowledge spillovers in Business Intelligence (BI) organisations from a strategic entrepreneurial perspective. Thus, we carried out exploratory qualitative research through recourse to case studies involving twenty professionals holding leadership roles in BI organisations. The results enable the identification of six dimensions that characterise knowledge spillovers in an organisational environment: Organisational dynamics, Internal flows, Maintenance and responsibility, Learning and training, Teams, and Critical points. This study sought to counter the gaps in understanding how knowledge flows within organisations and thereby provide a more detailed vision of interactions within BI organisational environments. We conclude that professionals are concerned over internal processes capable of maintaining, fostering and sharing the knowledge captured by the organisation and the importance of specific channels for such processes. In addition, preparing and training teams represent engaging professionals and promoting and disseminating the knowledge captured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although corporate venture capital (CVC) has been studied as part of open innovation (OI), assumptions about knowledge flows crossing organizational boundaries between "the inside" and "the outside" have limited those explorations. Drawing on an abductive approach to grounded theorizing, this article introduces an intuitive yet novel framework that traces the sources and applications of knowledge obtained from CVC to derive new conditions for how those investments allow companies to orchestrate knowledge flows to overcome barriers and increase their innovation effectiveness. Besides exploring traditional OI knowledge flows within the CVC context, this article further identifies and examines both outside-out knowledge flows (which help to shape an ecosystem for a corporate innovator) and inside-in knowledge flows (which overcome internal silos to achieve real innovation impact). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Business & Projects / Revista de Gestão e Projetos is the property of Revista de Gestao e Projetos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the key anchors of the National Innovation System shaping the nature of collaboration between academic high-performance computing centres (academic HPC centres) and small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) working in the automotive and electronics sectors of the Danube region. With two main research questions, it discusses the importance of knowledge transfer and technology transfer for collaboration between University and Industry (U-I collaboration) in three groups of developmentally distinct countries: competitively advanced, competitively intermediate and competitively lagging. As main anchors of the innovation system, stable legal environment, exciting innovation policies and strong R&D funding are recognised. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative empirical study in 14 Danube region countries included 92 focus group participants, expert representatives of academic HPC centres and SMEs. The data were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed. Findings – The findings show the main prerequisites of the framework conditions for efficient U-I collaboration evolve through a goal-oriented National Innovation Policy and developed and functioning legal environment supporting labour market and intellectual property (IP) protection and enforcement. Additionally, skilled people are needed to be able to operate with HPC, where it seems all the countries lack such skilled workforce. In competitively lagging countries, the high levels of brain drain exhibit strong impact to U-I collaboration. Research limitations/implications – Research into relationships between academic HPC centres and SMEs conducted was qualitative; therefore, limitations in terms of generalisation arise from it. On the other hand, the research is promising in terms of offering the guidance for policy makers who can use the findings when delivering innovation policy mix, adjusted to developmental level of own innovation ecosystem. Originality/value – The study is among the pioneering work in U-I collaboration between academic HPC centres and SMEs from automotive and electronics industries in the Danube region. The research addresses the dynamics of collaboration and offers policy implications to strengthen the particular U-I collaboration. 研究目的 – 本文旨在探究國家創新系統的主要支柱; 這些支柱決定了學術性的高速網路與計算中心 (註: 此為直譯) (以下簡稱學術高網算中心) 與於多瑙河地區的汽車製造業和電子產品行業內營運的中小型企業之間的合作性質。本文透過兩條主要的研究問題、去探討知識轉移和技術轉讓對大學與產業界之間的合作的重要性而這些產業是屬於在發展階段上三個明顯不同的國家組別裏的這三個組別是 競爭先進的、競爭性中級的和競爭落後的。穩定的法律環境、令人興奮的創新政策和強大的研究與開發資金被認為是創新系統的三個主要支柱。 研究設計 – 研究人員在14個位於多瑙河地區的國家裏進行一個質性觀察研究研究涵蓋92個焦點小組參與者、來自學術高網算中心和中小型企業的專家代表。有關的數據被錄音繼而被轉寫下來最後被分析。 研究結果 – 研究結果顯示效率高的大學產業界合作的框架條件的主要先決條件是透過一個以目標為導向的國家創新政策而逐漸形成繼而發展起來; 另外所需的條件是一個支援勞工市場、保障知識產權、並執行有關的法律的正常運作的法律環境。其次若想與學術高網算中心一起工作技術人才是必須的因學術高網算中心內的所有國家似乎欠缺技術勞動力。在落後於競爭對手的國家裏高度的人才外流對大學與產業界之間的合作會產生重大的影響。 研究的局限/啟示 – 由於研究採用的研究方法為質性研究法故研究結果、就普遍化的歸納而言是有其局限的。唯研究結果在實務方面有其作用因政策制定者在推行與科技進步與對策有關的策略時他們可把研究結果作為指引就其自身創新生態系統的發展水準而作出適當的調整。 研究的原創性/價值 – 本研究探討涉及學術高網算中心與於多瑙河地區的汽車製造業和電子產品行業內營運的中小型企業之間合作的大學產業界合作就此而言可說是開創性研究之一。本研究探究有關的大學產業界合作的變革動力並為政策制定者提供啟示以能強化有關的合作。

[Purpose/Significance] Today, the methods of global technology cooperation have become diversified, while the patterns of knowledge and resource flows have become networked. The way knowledge flows between science and technology and promotes innovation is a hot topic in informatics research. Under such circumstances, the transfer and flow of technical knowledge has become increasingly important for the creation of new technologies and the generation of new knowledge. It can provide potential solutions for solving technical problems and generating technological competitive advantages. This study reveals the structural characteristics of the knowledge flow network between science and technology from a micro perspective, and provides new ideas for discovering new knowledge flow and communication channels, understanding the links between science and technology, and exploring innovation breakthroughs. [Method/Process] This paper adopts a multi-perspective approach and exames technical knowledge citation, scientific knowledge citation, and the intersection of scientific knowledge. Specifically, the study focuses on patent-patent citation, patent-paper citation, and paper-discipline co-occurrence, and uses a multi-layer network method to develop a science-technology (S&T) knowledge flow micro-network analysis framework. Through this framework, knowledge flow patterns between science and technology can be comprehensively explored. An empirical study was conducted in the field of genetically modified corn to investigate the knowledge flow patterns between science and technology. Using a multi-layered network model, this study aims to explore the relationship between science and technology from three different perspectives. [Results/Conclusions] The results of the study suggest that technology nodes that absorb multidisciplinary knowledge are more likely to engage in knowledge diffusion or absorption. Additionally, knowledge flow is more likely to occur between the technology nodes corresponding to two interdisciplinary subjects. The analytical framework proposed in our study can reveal the characteristics of knowledge flow from a micro perspective, and can identify two types of knowledge flow structures in the empirical case of genetically modified corn, which extends and enriches existing research on knowledge flow. In the future, the S&T knowledge flow research framework proposed in this study has the potential to be further extended and widely applied by incorporating different types of knowledge subjects, enriching knowledge attribute factors, and expanding knowledge flow paths. For instance, the research framework can be extended to broader fields to explore the relationship between knowledge flow patterns and the characteristics of these fields. It can also be used to explore knowledge flow patterns and potential technological breakthroughs at different flow levels and innovation themes. Such research can serve as a basis for innovation policy and provide theoretical support for the development of strategies and technology research directions.

Abstract Decentralization is a pervasive concept found across disciplines, including Economics, Political Science, and Computer Science, where it is used in distinct yet interrelated ways. Here, we develop and publicly release a general pipeline to investigate the scholarly history of the term, analysing 425 , 144 $425{,}144$ academic publications that refer to (de)centralization. We find that the fraction of papers on the topic has been exponentially increasing since the 1950s. In 2021, 1 author in 154 mentioned (de)centralization in the title or abstract of an article. Using both semantic information and citation patterns, we cluster papers in fields and characterize the knowledge flows between them. Our analysis reveals that the topic has independently emerged in the different fields, with small cross-disciplinary contamination. Moreover, we show how Blockchain has become the most influential field about 10 years ago, while Governance dominated before the 1990s. In summary, our findings provide a quantitative assessment of the evolution of a key yet elusive concept, which has undergone cycles of rise and fall within different fields. Our pipeline offers a powerful tool to analyze the evolution of any scholarly term in the academic literature, providing insights into the interplay between collective and independent discoveries in science.

In light of the profound advancements in information and communication technologies ushering in the knowledge economy, the urban space is undergoing a transformation from the traditional “space of places” to the emerging “space of flows.” This shift poses questions about the influence of knowledge flows on urban economic centrality. This paper seeks to address this knowledge gap by introducing a theoretical framework that elucidates how knowledge contributes to urban economic centrality. Our analysis focuses on both intra-city knowledge stocks and inter-city knowledge flows. Empirical findings in China highlight that knowledge stocks based on R&D and education levels, along with knowledge flows, significantly and positively influence all four dimensions of centrality. In contrast, knowledge spatial agglomeration within the knowledge stocks exhibits a significant positive correlation solely with power centrality. Additionally, although the knowledge stock structures don't yield significant results in the diffusion centrality model, for agglomeration and power centralities, a combination of specialized knowledge and telecommunications enhances urban economic centrality, while face-to-face communication strengthens the positive impact of diverse knowledge on urban economic centrality. The results suggest implementing knowledge-based policies tailored to different nodes in the city network is expected to promote sustainable competitiveness in the urban system.

[Purpose/Significance] Today, the methods of global technology cooperation have become diversified, while the patterns of knowledge and resource flows have become networked. The way knowledge flows between science and technology and promotes innovation is a hot topic in informatics research. Under such circumstances, the transfer and flow of technical knowledge has become increasingly important for the creation of new technologies and the generation of new knowledge. It can provide potential solutions for solving technical problems and generating technological competitive advantages. This study reveals the structural characteristics of the knowledge flow network between science and technology from a micro perspective, and provides new ideas for discovering new knowledge flow and communication channels, understanding the links between science and technology, and exploring innovation breakthroughs. [Method/Process] This paper adopts a multi-perspective approach and exames technical knowledge citation, scientific knowledge citation, and the intersection of scientific knowledge. Specifically, the study focuses on patent-patent citation, patent-paper citation, and paper-discipline co-occurrence, and uses a multi-layer network method to develop a science-technology (S&T) knowledge flow micro-network analysis framework. Through this framework, knowledge flow patterns between science and technology can be comprehensively explored. An empirical study was conducted in the field of genetically modified corn to investigate the knowledge flow patterns between science and technology. Using a multi-layered network model, this study aims to explore the relationship between science and technology from three different perspectives. [Results/Conclusions] The results of the study suggest that technology nodes that absorb multidisciplinary knowledge are more likely to engage in knowledge diffusion or absorption. Additionally, knowledge flow is more likely to occur between the technology nodes corresponding to two interdisciplinary subjects. The analytical framework proposed in our study can reveal the characteristics of knowledge flow from a micro perspective, and can identify two types of knowledge flow structures in the empirical case of genetically modified corn, which extends and enriches existing research on knowledge flow. In the future, the S&T knowledge flow research framework proposed in this study has the potential to be further extended and widely applied by incorporating different types of knowledge subjects, enriching knowledge attribute factors, and expanding knowledge flow paths. For instance, the research framework can be extended to broader fields to explore the relationship between knowledge flow patterns and the characteristics of these fields. It can also be used to explore knowledge flow patterns and potential technological breakthroughs at different flow levels and innovation themes. Such research can serve as a basis for innovation policy and provide theoretical support for the development of strategies and technology research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decentralization is a pervasive concept found across disciplines, including Economics, Political Science, and Computer Science, where it is used in distinct yet interrelated ways. Here, we develop and publicly release a general pipeline to investigate the scholarly history of the term, analysing 425 , 144 academic publications that refer to (de)centralization. We find that the fraction of papers on the topic has been exponentially increasing since the 1950s. In 2021, 1 author in 154 mentioned (de)centralization in the title or abstract of an article. Using both semantic information and citation patterns, we cluster papers in fields and characterize the knowledge flows between them. Our analysis reveals that the topic has independently emerged in the different fields, with small cross-disciplinary contamination. Moreover, we show how Blockchain has become the most influential field about 10 years ago, while Governance dominated before the 1990s. In summary, our findings provide a quantitative assessment of the evolution of a key yet elusive concept, which has undergone cycles of rise and fall within different fields. Our pipeline offers a powerful tool to analyze the evolution of any scholarly term in the academic literature, providing insights into the interplay between collective and independent discoveries in science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies the development of scientific co‐publications between EU countries and Russia since the start of the Ukraine crisis in 2014. We investigate if economic sanctions and counter‐sanctions imposed during the crisis affected EU–Russia knowledge flows even before all science collaborations between the EU countries and Russia were eventually suspended as part of the EU sanctions in 2022. Our econometric analysis uses a gravity model framework and a comprehensive dataset covering more than 540 million scientific publications and 8.6 million international co‐publications for 35 countries (EU, BRICS, Belarus and Ukraine) during 1995–2018. Findings indicate that the imposition of EU sanctions and Russian counter‐sanctions from 2014 onwards had a significantly negative effect on EU–Russia co‐publication intensities. As a lower bound estimate, we find that sanctions reduced the EU–Russia scientific co‐publication intensity by 15% at the aggregate level. Effects are higher in specific scientific fields. We uncover transmission channels of this effect, for example, related to dual‐use technologies and growing resentments, and assess the robustness of our estimates. Time–dynamic regressions show that the sanctions effect on scientific collaboration increases over time. This underlines the susceptibility of global knowledge flows to geopolitical conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars across disciplines increasingly hear calls for more open and collaborative approaches to scientific research. The concept of Open Innovation in Science (OIS) provides a framework that integrates dispersed research efforts aiming to understand the antecedents, contingencies, and consequences of applying open and collaborative research practices. While the OIS framework has already been taken up by science of science scholars, its conceptual underpinnings require further specification. In this essay, we critically examine the OIS concept and bring to light two key aspects: 1) how OIS builds upon Open Innovation (OI) research by adopting its attention to boundary-crossing knowledge flows and by adapting other concepts developed and researched in OI to the science context, as exemplified by two OIS cases in the area of research funding; 2) how OIS conceptualises knowledge flows across boundaries. While OI typically focuses on well-defined organisational boundaries, we argue that blurry and even invisible boundaries between communities of practice may more strongly constrain flows of knowledge related to openness and collaboration in science. Given the uptake of this concept, this essay brings needed clarity to the meaning of OIS, which has no particular normative orientation towards a close coupling between science and industry. We end by outlining the essay's contributions to OI and the science of science, as well as to science practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the driving forces behind innovation, we analyse the dynamic bipartite network of all inventors and patents registered within the field of electrical engineering in Germany in the past two decades. To deal with the sheer size of the data, we decompose the network by exploiting the fact that most inventors tend to only stay active for a relatively short period. We thus propose a Temporal Exponential Random Graph Model with time-varying actor set and sufficient statistics mirroring substantial expectations for our analysis. Our results corroborate that inventor characteristics and team formation are essential to the dynamics of invention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vicarious learning—individual learning that occurs through being exposed to and making meaning from another's experience—has long been recognized as a driver of individual, team, and organizational success. Yet existing perspectives on this critical learning process have remained fairly limited, often casting vicarious learning as simply an intrapersonal, one-way process of observation and imitation. Largely absent in prior perspectives is a consideration of the relational dynamics and underlying behaviors by which individuals learn vicariously through interacting with others, rendering these perspectives less useful for understanding learning in the increasingly interconnected work of modern organizations. Integrating theories of experiential learning and symbolic interactionism, I offer a theoretical model of coactive vicarious learning, a relational process of coconstructed, interpersonal learning that occurs through discursive interactions between individuals at work. I explore how these interactions involve the mutual processing of another's experience; are influenced by characteristics of the individual, relational, and structural context in organizations; and lead to growth not only in individuals' knowledge but also in their individual and relational capacity for learning and applying knowledge. I close by discussing the implications of this conceptual model for the understanding and practice of vicarious learning in organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controversial transmigration programs have moved millions of people from the cores of domestic economies to national geographical peripheries to ostensibly facilitate a more equitable resource distribution. However, it is not well understood how transmigrants become accepted and how they position themselves within the local networks of migrant-receiving rural communities. We examine how ethnicity and transmigratory experience affect informal knowledge-sharing networks in 16 coffee and cocoa farmer groups in Lampung, Indonesia. Drawing on these social networks and key socio-economic characteristics of 315 farming group members, we examine core-periphery network structures and centrality distributions within these farming groups. We show that individuals from the majority ethnomigration group who are the descendants of Javanese migrants tend to form the core of the local farmers' knowledge networks, apparently benefiting both from strong cultural links to the central regions of the country in Java as well as strong embeddedness in local communities. Our findings also call attention to possible marginalization of original members of peripheral rural communities in central government-sponsored transmigration and export-oriented agricultural extension programs. • Examined the position of transmigrants and local inhabitants in the social networks of rural communities in Indonesia. • The descendants of transmigrants tend to form the core in smallholder farmers' agricultural knowledge networks. • They benefit from strong cultural links to the country's central regions and strong embeddedness in the local communities. • Policies need to consider possible marginalization of native inhabitants in government-sponsored transmigration programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gestão e Regionalidade is the property of Universidade Municipal de Sao Caetano do Sul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The new working practices, which include individualised and freelance employment options, affected the nature of workspaces and transformed them into more flexible and less dependent on distance and fixed places. Accordingly, co-working spaces (CWSs) are the new platforms that initiate an environment for interaction between different groups or individuals in a community. This research aims to represent the development process and location patterns of CWSs in Istanbul and the dynamics of collaboration and knowledge flow between individuals or firms in CWSs. In this context, 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with users from different sectors, managers, and founders of spaces. By presenting the results of the indepth interviews, the research argues that interaction among co-located agents is related to the motivation and the requirement for collaborative action. The willingness and demand for collaboration of co-located agents are especially more prominent in the early stages of a business formation that can result from cost reduction or in the start-ups that are open to new business opportunities and meet investors. The physical environment and social community platforms provided by CWSs can act as an intermediary in the first interaction, yet trust between agents is also crucial for the continuity of knowledge flow that can contribute to innovative processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the global knowledge dynamics of renewable energy technologies requires consideration of both technological and geographical dimensions. This paper assesses the relative importance of technological and geographical distant knowledge in the future knowledge development of technological innovation systems (TIS) of renewables. Using global renewable energy patents, we quantify the absorptive capacity of countries as the degree of knowledge accumulation in the knowledge diffusion between domestic actors in a TIS. Our results show that international knowledge flows within a renewable energy TIS are more important for countries with smaller absorptive capacity, whereas countries with larger absorptive capacity benefit more from domestic knowledge originating in other TISs. Consequently, each country faces unique opportunities and constraints with respect to global technological developments when developing renewable energy technologies. These findings lead to policy implications that are specific to developing renewable energy technologies in different countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food machinery SMEs have been essential constitutional actors in Thailand's food industry. Their participation in food innovation is considerably recognized. However, their innovation logics and practices remain poorly understood. To understand the role of open innovation (OI) in this change, specifically the OI logics and practices in new product development (NPD), the food-machinery framework has been chosen to analyze 109 NPDs in two Thai food machinery SMEs. This model identifies the various flows of knowledge between the different actors. The results demonstrated the new OI practices being absent from previous typologies and six distinctive patterns within the same framework. These alternatives were revealed through the distinction between laboratory and industrial scales. The refined model demonstrated the ability of Thai SMEs to adjust OI logics and practices to the nature of the collaborative strategy associated with each NPD. Finally, the results exposed some Thai SMEs switching their business from generic machinery companies to innovation intermediaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whilst the role of online communities (OCs) in knowledge exchange and generation has been widely discussed, limited research exists on the distance and direction of OC knowledge flows. In this paper, we examine this issue by taking the case of an industry-founded OC that rendered around the use of a specific Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) module used by public sector organisations. Through a grounded analysis approach, we extend literature on OCs by identifying user-generated practices that enable knowledge flows in the online space as well as by examining the travels of these knowledge flows, taking particular account of the distance they cover and the direction they take. Findings point to within, outwards and inwards travels of OC-related knowledge flows showing a widely spread OC knowledge impact. The theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empirical analyses of multinationals from emerging economies (EMNCs) have been a challenge because of the absence of systematic and consistent data. This study focuses on the impacts of patent examiner added citations on citation‐based measures of EMNC subsidiary knowledge inflows. The US patents of leading innovation‐oriented EMNCs from China and India between 2002 and 2014 are analyzed, with their major competitors from mature industrialized countries as a benchmark group. We find that, subsidiary knowledge inflow variables in the current study are not significantly distorted by examiner added citations. This study offers the validity evidence of employing the US patent and citation data in studying EMNCs. The results also contribute to patent economics literature in general by testing the impacts of examiner added citations on citation‐based measures of knowledge flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]