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Kato, Makoto, Kawakita, Atsushi, Goto, Ryutaro, Okamoto, Tomoko, Kobayashi, Chisato, Imada, Yume, Nakase, Yuta, Nishioka, Tatsuki, Chanthavong, Bakham, Keothumma, Khamsing, Kosaka, Yasuyuki (2021): Community-level plant-pollinator interactions in a Palaeotropical montane evergreen oak forest ecosystem. Journal of Natural History 54 (33-34): 2125-2176, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1837977, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2020.1837977

This work presents the design and prototyping work of a miniaturised camera system with integrated ‘deep learning’ neural network capabilities, developed within a framework for implementing autonomous data processing onboard small and nanosatellites. The framework targets low-resource algorithms developed in other sectors including autonomous vehicles and commercial machine learning. For proof of concept, the system has been initially trained for real time cloud detection and classification, looking 1 min ahead of the satellite to enable responsive decision making for Earth observation and telecommunication applications. The design has been miniaturised and modularised to allow accommodation on small and nanosatellite systems. Flight representative and heritage components have been selected for prototyping. Compatibility of the autonomy framework with ECSS and CCSDS standards and existing off-the-shelf flight software was evaluated. A simulator to facilitate end to end testing of the system has been developed using existing data sets as input, incorporating distortions to test robustness. Results show that a competitive low power < 2 W system can be delivered, with the chain < 5 seconds from capture to input into the onboard planning and with timing consistent with continuous real time decision-making.

Progress within nanosatellite systems development makes niche commercial Earth observing missions feasible; however, despite advances in demonstrated data rates, these systems will remain downlink limited able to capture more data than can be returned to the ground cost-effectively in traditional raw or near-raw forms. The embedding of existing ground-based image processing algorithms into onboard systems is non-trivial especially in limited resource nanosatellites, necessitating new approaches. In addition, mission opportunities for systems beyond Earth orbit present additional challenges around relay availability and bandwidth, and delay-tolerance, leading to more autonomous approaches. This paper describes a framework for implementing autonomous data processing onboard resource-constrained nanosatellites, covering data selection, reduction, prioritization and distribution. The framework is based on high level requirements and aligned to existing off-the-shelf software and international standards. It is intended to target low-resource algorithms developed in other sectors including autonomous vehicles and commercial machine learning. Techniques such as deep learning and heuristic code optimization have been identified as both value-adding to the use cases studied and technically feasible. With the framework in place, work is now progressing within the consortium under UKSA Centre for Earth Observation and Instrument funding to deliver an initial prototype data chain implemented within a representative FPGA-based flight computer system.

平成18年度宇宙輸送シンポジウム（2007年1月18日-19日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究本部）, 相模原市, 神奈川県, Space Transportation Symposium FY2006 (January 18-19, 2007. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 資料番号: SA6000005031

A new species of trichogrammatid wasp, Poropoea cunabulintrans n.sp., is described from Kyoto, Japan. The species is an egg parasitoid of an attelabid beetle species, Cycnotrachelus roelofsi, which is associated with Styrax japonica. Exceptionally for the genus, the female wasp has a short ovipositor. To oviposit in the host beetle egg, the female wasp enters incomplete leaf-rolls through the oviposition hole of the host beetle immediately after oviposition by the beetle.

A novel concept of satellite design, named "PETSAT," is proposed in this paper. In this concept, a satellite is made of several "Functional Panels" such as "Communication panel," "Attitude control panel," "Thruster panel," and “Mission Panel,” each of which has a special dedicated function. By connecting these panels by reliable connection mechanism in "plug-in" fashion, the total integrated system as a whole has a satellite function. Various combinations of functional panels, (for example, one communication panel + three attitude control panels + two thruster panels, etc.) provide flexibility to deal with various mission requirements, even though the basic panels are the same for various missions. First, PETSAT concept is described and its strong points and shortcomings are discussed. Next, several key technologies are explained in more detail, including panel structures, deployment mechanism, power distribution network, information network architecture and thruster system. Finally the current status of development of SOHLA-2, an in-orbit demonstration satellite for PETSAT concept planned to be launched in 2008-2009, will be briefly described.