177 results on '"Koffi, B."'
Search Results
2. Future impact of traffic emissions on atmospheric ozone and OH based on two scenarios
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Hodnebrog, O., Berntsen, T. K, Dessens, O., Gauss, M., Grewe, V., Isaksen, I. S. A, Koffi, B., Myhre, G., Olivie, D., Prather, M. J, Stordal, F., Szopa, S., Tang, Q., van Velthoven, P., and Williams, J. E
- Abstract
The future impact of traffic emissions on atmospheric ozone and OH has been investigated separately for the three sectors AIRcraft, maritime SHIPping and ROAD traffic. To reduce uncertainties we present results from an ensemble of six different atmospheric chemistry models, each simulating the atmospheric chemical composition in a possible high emission scenario (A1B), and with emissions from each transport sector reduced by 5% to estimate sensitivities. Our results are compared with optimistic future emission scenarios (B1 and B1 ACARE), presented in a companion paper, and with the recent past (year 2000). Present-day activity indicates that anthropogenic emissions so far evolve closer to A1B than the B1 scenario. As a response to expected changes in emissions, AIR and SHIP will have increased impacts on atmospheric O3 and OH in the future while the impact of ROAD traffic will decrease substantially as a result of technological improvements. In 2050, maximum aircraft-induced O3 occurs near 80° N in the UTLS region and could reach 9 ppbv in the zonal mean during summer. Emissions from ship traffic have their largest O3 impact in the maritime boundary layer with a maximum of 6 ppbv over the North Atlantic Ocean during summer in 2050. The O3 impact of road traffic emissions in the lower troposphere peaks at 3 ppbv over the Arabian Peninsula, much lower than the impact in 2000. Radiative forcing (RF) calculations show that the net effect of AIR, SHIP and ROAD combined will change from a marginal cooling of −0.44 ± 13 mW m−2 in 2000 to a relatively strong cooling of −32 ± 9.3 (B1) or −32 ± 18 mW m−2 (A1B) in 2050, when taking into account RF due to changes in O3, CH4 and CH4-induced O3. This is caused both by the enhanced negative net RF from SHIP, which will change from −19 ± 5.3 mW m−2 in 2000 to −31 ± 4.8 (B1) or −40 ± 9 mW m−2 (A1B) in 2050, and from reduced O3 warming from ROAD, which is likely to turn from a positive net RF of 12 ± 8.5 mW m−2 in 2000 to a slightly negative net RF of −3.1 ± 2.2 (B1) or −3.1 ± 3.4 (A1B) mW m−2 in the middle of this century. The negative net RF from ROAD is temporary and induced by the strong decline in ROAD emissions prior to 2050, which only affects the methane cooling term due to the longer lifetime of CH4 compared to O3. The O3 RF from AIR in 2050 is strongly dependent on scenario and ranges from 19 ± 6.8 (B1 ACARE) to 61 ± 14 mW m−2 (A1B). There is also a considerable span in the net RF from AIR in 2050, ranging from −0.54 ± 4.6 (B1 ACARE) to 12 ± 11 (A1B) mW m−2 compared to 6.6 ± 2.2 mW m−2 in 2000.
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- 2012
3. Future impact of non-land based traffic emissions on atmospheric ozone and OH - an optimistic scenario and a possible mitigation strategy
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Hodnebrog, O., Berntsen, T. K, Dessens, O., Gauss, M., Grewe, V., Isaksen, I. S. A, Koffi, B., Myhre, G., Olivie, D., Prather, M. J, Pyle, J. A, Stordal, F., Szopa, S., Tang, Q., van Velthoven, P., Williams, J. E, and Odemark, K.
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atmospheric chemistry ,atmospheric modeling ,boundary layer ,chemical composition ,ozone ,radiative forcing ,traffic emission - Abstract
The impact of future emissions from aviation and shipping on the atmospheric chemical composition has been estimated using an ensemble of six different atmospheric chemistry models. This study considers an optimistic emission scenario (B1) taking into account e.g. rapid introduction of clean and resource-efficient technologies, and a mitigation option for the aircraft sector (B1 ACARE), assuming further technological improvements. Results from sensitivity simulations, where emissions from each of the transport sectors were reduced by 5%, show that emissions from both aircraft and shipping will have a larger impact on atmospheric ozone and OH in near future (2025; B1) and for longer time horizons (2050; B1) compared to recent time (2000). However, the ozone and OH impact from aircraft can be reduced substantially in 2050 if the technological improvements considered in the B1 ACARE will be achieved. Shipping emissions have the largest impact in the marine boundary layer and their ozone contribution may exceed 4 ppbv (when scaling the response of the 5% emission perturbation to 100% by applying a factor 20) over the North Atlantic Ocean in the future (2050; B1) during northern summer (July). In the zonal mean, ship-induced ozone relative to the background levels may exceed 12% near the surface. Corresponding numbers for OH are 6.0 × 105 molecules cm−3 and 30%, respectively. This large impact on OH from shipping leads to a relative methane lifetime reduction of 3.92 (±0.48) on the global average in 2050 B1 (ensemble mean CH4 lifetime is 8.0 (±1.0) yr), compared to 3.68 (±0.47)% in 2000. Aircraft emissions have about 4 times higher ozone enhancement efficiency (ozone molecules enhanced relative to NOx molecules emitted) than shipping emissions, and the maximum impact is found in the UTLS region. Zonal mean aircraft-induced ozone could reach up to 5 ppbv at northern mid- and high latitudes during future summer (July 2050; B1), while the relative impact peaks during northern winter (January) with a contribution of 4.2%. Although the aviation-induced impact on OH is lower than for shipping, it still causes a reduction in the relative methane lifetime of 1.68 (±0.38)% in 2050 B1. However, for B1 ACARE the perturbation is reduced to 1.17 (±0.28)%, which is lower than the year 2000 estimate of 1.30 (±0.30)%. Based on the fully scaled perturbations we calculate net radiative forcings from the six models taking into account ozone, methane (including stratospheric water vapour), and methane-induced ozone changes. For the B1 scenario, shipping leads to a net cooling with radiative forcings of −28.0 (±5.1) and −30.8 (±4.8) mW m−2 in 2025 and 2050, respectively, due to the large impact on OH and, thereby, methane lifetime reductions. Corresponding values for the aviation sector shows a net warming effect with 3.8 (±6.1) and 1.9 (±6.3) mW m−2, respectively, but with a small net cooling of -0.6 (±4.6) mW m−2 for B1 ACARE in 2050.
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- 2011
4. Radiative forcing due to changes in ozone and methane caused by the transport sector
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Myhre, G., Shine, K.P., Radel, G., Gauss, M., Isaksen, I.S.A., Tang, Q., Prather, M.J., Williams, J.E., van Velthoven, P., Dessens, O., Koffi, B., Szopa, S., Hoor, P., Grewe, V., Borken-Kleefeld, J., Berntsen, T.K., and Fuglestvedt, J.S.
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aircraft models ,atmospheric chemistry ,atmospheric movements ,aviation ,carbon monoxide ,global warming ,methane ,nitrogen ,ozone ,roads and streets ,ships - Abstract
The year 2000 radiative forcing (RF) due to changes in O3 and CH4 (and the CH4-induced stratospheric water vapour) as a result of emissions of short-lived gases (oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide and non-methane hydrocarbons) from three transport sectors (ROAD, maritime SHIPping and AIRcraft) are calculated using results from five global atmospheric chemistry models. Using results from these models plus other published data, we quantify the uncertainties. The RF due to short-term O3 changes (i.e. as an immediate response to the emissions without allowing for the long-term CH4 changes) is positive and highest for ROAD transport (31 mW m−2) compared to SHIP (24 mW m−2) and AIR (17 mW m−2) sectors in four of the models. All five models calculate negative RF from the CH4 perturbations, with a larger impact from the SHIP sector than for ROAD and AIR. The net RF of O3 and CH4 combined (i.e. including the impact of CH4 on ozone and stratospheric water vapour) is positive for ROAD (+16(±13) (one standard deviation) mW m−2) and AIR (+6(±5) mW m−2) traffic sectors and is negative for SHIP (−18(±10) mW m−2) sector in all five models. Global Warming Potentials (GWP) and Global Temperature change Potentials (GTP) are presented for AIR NOxemissions; there is a wide spread in the results from the 5 chemistry models, and it is shown that differences in the methane response relative to the O3 response drive much of the spread.
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- 2011
5. Relative performance of indoor vector control interventions in the Ifakara and the West African experimental huts
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Welbeck A. Oumbouke, Augustin Fongnikin, Koffi B. Soukou, Sarah J. Moore, and Raphael N’Guessan
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Experimental hut ,Mosquito ,Long-lasting insecticidal net ,Mosquito coil ,West African hut ,Ifakara hut ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background West African and Ifakara experimental huts are used to evaluate indoor mosquito control interventions, including spatial repellents and insecticides. The two hut types differ in size and design, so a side-by-side comparison was performed to investigate the performance of indoor interventions in the two hut designs using standard entomological outcomes: relative indoor mosquito density (deterrence), exophily (induced exit), blood-feeding and mortality of mosquitoes. Methods Metofluthrin mosquito coils (0.00625% and 0.0097%) and Olyset® Net vs control nets (untreated, deliberately holed net) were evaluated against pyrethroid-resistant Culex quinquefasciatus in Benin. Four experimental huts were used: two West African hut designs and two Ifakara hut designs. Treatments were rotated among the huts every four nights until each treatment was tested in each hut 52 times. Volunteers rotated between huts nightly. Results The Ifakara huts caught a median of 37 Culex quinquefasciatus/ night, while the West African huts captured a median of 8/ night (rate ratio 3.37, 95% CI: 2.30–4.94, P 4-fold higher mosquito exit relative to the West African huts (odds ratio 4.18, 95% CI: 3.18–5.51, P
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- 2017
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6. World Health Organization's Innovative Direct Disbursement Mechanism for Payment of Grassroots Immunization Personnel and Operations in Nigeria: 2004–2015
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Yehualashet, Yared G., Wadda, Alieu, Agblewonu, Koffi B., Zhema, Theophilus, Ibrahim, Al-asi, Corr, Alhagie, Linkins, Jennifer, Mkanda, Pascal, Vaz, Rui G., Nsubuga, Peter, and Ashogbon, Daniel
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- 2016
7. Influence du parcours de soins sur le délai d’initiation du traitement antituberculeux
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Bemba, E.L.P., Horo, K., Okemba Okombi, F.H., Ossale Abacka, K.B., Ouedraogo, A.R., Gnaze, Z., Ngoran Koffi, B., and Aka Danguy, E.
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- 2015
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8. Fire evolution in the radioactive forests of Ukraine and Belarus: future risks for the population and the environment
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Evangeliou, N., Balkanski, Y., Cozic, A., Hao, W. M., Mouillot, F., Thonicke, K., Paugam, R., Zibtsev, S., Mousseau, T. A., Wang, R., Poulter, B., Petkov, A., Yue, C., Cadule, P., Koffi, B., Kaiser, J. W., and Møller, A. P.
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- 2015
9. Facteurs de risque d’hémorragies digestives par rupture de varices œsophagiennes en République Centrafricaine
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Camengo Police, S. M., Diemer, H., Koffi, B., Boua-Akélélo, N. Ph., Mbeko Simaleko, M., Longo, JDD., de Korwin, J. D., and Le Faou, A.
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- 2016
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10. Phytochemical Screening and Nematicidal Activity of Lixiviate from Plantain and Banana Rachis
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Seri, Serge P., primary, Kouadio, Demby L. M., additional, Kabran, Aka F., additional, Gnonhouri, Phillipe, additional, Attioua, Koffi B., additional, and Turquin, Louise, additional
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- 2022
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11. Aspects epidemiologiques du lymphome de Burkitt de l’enfant Centrafricain : Epidemiological aspects of the Burkitt lymphoma of the Central African child
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Sepou Yanza, MCA, Kosh Komba, PJE, Bogning Mejiozem Brice, BO, Ndoma Ngatchoukpo, V., Lakei, AC, Gody, JC, and Koffi, B
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Burkitt's lymphoma, epidemiology, child, Central Africa ,Lymphome de Burkitt, épidémiologie, enfant, Centrafrique - Abstract
Objectif : Déterminer les aspects histo-épidémiologiques et cliniques du LB de l’enfant Centrafricain.Patients et méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale multicentrique avec un mode de regroupement prospectif et rétrospectif réalisée au Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Pédiatrique de Bangui (CHUPB), dans le service d’Oto-rhino-laryngologie (ORL), et de Stomatologie, et au Laboratoire National de Biologie Clinique et de Santé Publique (LNBCSP) du 1er janvier 2000 au 30 juin 2016. Ont été inclus dans cette étude, les enfants de 0 à 15 ans admis pour suspicion de LB confirmé histologiquement. Un questionnaire a permis de collecter les données qui ont été saisies et analysées à l’aide du logiciel Epi Info 7.Résultats: Durant la période d’étude nous avons collecté 34 cas de LB ce qui représente 28,66% de tous les cancers de l’enfant diagnostiqués pendant la période et 31,49% des lymphomes malins. Le sex-ratio était de 2,03 en faveur des garçons. Les enfants les plus touchés étaient âgés de 5 à 9 ans (50,0%), avec un âge moyen de 6,50 ans. Les patients provenaient de Bangui dans 67,65% de cas et avaient un niveau d’étude primaire dans 64,70%. Les patients étaient immunodéprimé connu à HIV dans 17,64% de cas. Ils étaient suivis au CHUPB et dans le service de Stomatologie respectivement dans 55,88% et 38,24%. La durée moyenne de consultation après apparition des premiers signes était de 6 mois. L’altération de l’état général était retrouvée dans 82,35% de cas. La tumeur était douloureuse dans 52,94% de cas, les deux principales localisations étaient maxillo-faciale (52,94%) et abdominale (17,64%). La tumeur était régulière 64,7% de cas, fixe dans 76,5% et bourgeonnante dans 82,4% de cas.Conclusion: Le lymphome de Burkitt reste préoccupant et mérite d’être connu en vue d’un dépistage précoce, d’autant que les traitements actuels ont permis d’allonger le taux de survie à plus de 90%. D’où l’importance de mener un fort plaidoyer en vue de soutenir des actions de sensibilisation sur les cancers de l’enfant. Objective: To determine the histoepidemiological and clinical aspects of LB in Central African children.Patients and methods: It was a multi-center cross-sectional study with a prospective and retrospective grouping method carried out at the Center Hospitalo-Universitaire Pédiatrique de Bangui (CHUPB), in the department of Otolaryngology (ENT), and Stomatology, and at the National Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health (LNBCSP) from January 1, 2000 to June 30, 2016. Children 0 to 15 years of age admitted for suspected histologically confirmed LB were included in this study. A questionnaire collected the data that was entered and analyzed using the Epi Info 7 software.Results: During the study period we collected 34 cases of LB which represents 28.66% of all childhood cancers diagnosed during the period and 31.49% of malignant lymphomas. The sex ratio was 2.03 in favor of boys. The most affected children were 5 to 9 years old (50.0%), with an average age of 6.50 years. Patients were from Bangui in 67.65% of cases and had a primary education level in 64.70%. The patients were known to be immunocompromised to HIV in 17.64% of cases. They were followed at the CHUPB and in the Stomatology department respectively in 55.88% and 38.24%. The average duration of consultation after appearance of the first signs was 6 months. The deterioration of the general state was found in 82.35% of cases. The tumor was painful in 52.94% of cases, the two main locations were maxillofacial (52.94%) and abdominal (17.64%). The tumor was regular 64.7% of cases, fixed in 76.5% and budding in 82.4% of cases.Conclusion: Burkitt's lymphoma remains a concern and deserves to be known for early detection, especially since current treatments have helped increase survival rates to over 90%. Hence the importance of carrying out strong advocacy in order to support awareness-raising actions on childhood cancers.
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- 2022
12. A linear backward Euler scheme for the saturation equation: Regularity results and consistency.
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Koffi B. Fadimba
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- 2010
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13. Quality of Long-acting Reversible Contraception Provision in Lomé, Togo
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Karen Weidert, Koffi B Tekou, and Ndola Prata
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Service (business) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Descriptive statistics ,business.industry ,Service delivery framework ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Long-acting reversible contraception ,Context (language use) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Family planning ,Family medicine ,Medicine ,Quality (business) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business ,Information exchange ,media_common - Abstract
Context Provision of high-quality contraceptive counseling and services is essential to ensure family planning (FP) programs are rights-based and voluntary. Togo's modern contraceptive use has steadily increased with almost a quarter of the method mix attributed to long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC). The purpose of this study is to assess the quality of LARC provision in Togo. Methods Data for this study were collected in 2016 as part of a larger research study conducted in Lome, Togo to assess the effectiveness of the ongoing FP service delivery model. Quality of FP service was assessed in terms of program capacity and program performance. Program capacity was measured with five individual variables and program performance was measured with the Method Information Index (MII). Descriptive statistics and mixed effects models were used to assess likelihood of LARC uptake. Results Of the 669 clients included in the study, 19.4% received a LARC method. Multivariable results show that LARC uptake is significantly associated with supervisory visit at the facility in the last three months (program capacity indicator) (OR 1.44; 95%CI 1.48-2.39) and is twice as likely for those with a positive MII score, even after controlling for provider and client characteristics (OR 2.1; 95%CI 1.61-2.51). Conclusion This study identified supervisory visits and comprehensive contraceptive counseling as the key quality factors positively associated with uptake of LARC. Continued focus on quality of care and provider-client information exchange is necessary to ensure women's FP needs are met.
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- 2020
14. Use of the Rose-Diagram Method for Vegetation Fire Pattern Analysis on a Regional Scale in Africa
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Brivio, P. A., Grégoire, J-M., Koffi, B., Ober, G., Bardinet, Claude, editor, and Royer, Jean-Jacques, editor
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- 1997
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15. Apport de l’échographie abdominale au cours de l’infection par le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine de l’adulte à Bangui (République centrafricaine)
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Mobima, T., Service, G., and Koffi, B.
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- 2014
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16. MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel NetworK for allergic rhinitis (MASK-rhinitis): the new generation guideline implementation
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Bousquet, J., Schunemann, H. J., Fonseca, J., Samolinski, B., Bachert, C., Canonica, G. W., Casale, T., Cruz, A. A., Demoly, P., Hellings, P., Valiulis, A., Wickman, M., Zuberbier, T., Bosnic-Anticevitch, S., Bedbrook, A., Bergmann, K. C., Caimmi, D., Dahl, R., Fokkens, W. J., Grisle, I., Carlsen, Lodrup K., Mullol, J., Muraro, A., Palkonen, S., Papadopoulos, N., Passalacqua, G., Ryan, D., Valovirta, E., Yorgancioglu, A., Aberer, W., Agache, I., Adachi, M., Akdis, C. A., Akdis, M., Annesi-Maesano, I., Ansotegui, I. J., Anto, J. M., Arnavielhe, S., Arshad, H., Baiardini, I., Baigenzhin, A. K., Barbara, C., Bateman, E. D., Beghé, B., Bel, E. H., Ben Kheder, A., Bennoor, K. S., Benson, M., Bewick, M., Bieber, T., Bindslev-Jensen, C., Bjermer, L., Blain, H., Boner, A. L., Boulet, L. P., Bonini, M., Bonini, S., Bosse, I., Bourret, R., Bousquet, P. J., Braido, F., Briggs, A. H., Brightling, C. E., Brozek, J., Buhl, R., Burney, P. G., Bush, A., Caballero-Fonseca, F., Calderon, M. A., Camargos, P. A. M., Camuzat, T., Carlsen, K. H., Carr, W., Cepeda Sarabia, A. M., Chavannes, N. H., Chatzi, L., Chen, Y. Z., Chiron, R., Chkhartishvili, E., Chuchalin, A. G., Ciprandi, G., Cirule, I., de Sousa, Correia J., Cox, L., Crooks, G., Costa, D. J., Custovic, A., Dahlen, S. E., Darsow, U., De Carlo, G., De Blay, F., Dedeu, T., Deleanu, D., Denburg, J. A., Devillier, P., Didier, A., Dinh-Xuan, A. T., Dokic, D., Douagui, H., Dray, G., Dubakiene, R., Durham, S. R., Dykewicz, M. S., El-Gamal, Y., Emuzyte, R., Wagner, Fink A., Fletcher, M., Fiocchi, A., Forastiere, F., Gamkrelidze, A., Gemicioğlu, B., Gereda, J. E., Diaz, González S., Gotua, M., Grouse, L., Guzmán, M. A., Haahtela, T., Hellquist-Dahl, B., Heinrich, J., Horak, F., Hourihane, J. O.‘B., Howarth, P., Humbert, M., Hyland, M. E., Ivancevich, J. C., Jares, E. J., Johnston, S. L., Joos, G., Jonquet, O., Jung, K. S., Just, J., Kaidashev, I., Kalayci, O., Kalyoncu, A. F., Keil, T., Keith, P. K., Khaltaev, N., Klimek, L., NʼGoran, Koffi B., Kolek, V., Koppelman, G. H., Kowalski, M. L., Kull, I., Kuna, P., Kvedariene, V., Lambrecht, B., Lau, S., Larenas-Linnemann, D., Laune, D., Le, L. T. T., Lieberman, P., Lipworth, B., Li, J., Louis, R., Magard, Y., Magnan, A., Mahboub, B., Majer, I., Makela, M. J., Manning, P., De Manuel Keenoy, E., Marshall, G. D., Masjedi, M. R., Maurer, M., Mavale-Manuel, S., Melén, E., Melo-Gomes, E., Meltzer, E. O., Merk, H., Miculinic, N., Mihaltan, F., Milenkovic, B., Mohammad, Y., Molimard, M., Momas, I., Montilla-Santana, A., Morais-Almeida, M., Mösges, R., Namazova-Baranova, L., Naclerio, R., Neou, A., Neffen, H., Nekam, K., Niggemann, B., Nyembue, T. D., OʼHehir, R. E., Ohta, K., Okamoto, Y., Okubo, K., Ouedraogo, S., Paggiaro, P., Pali-Schöll, I., Palmer, S., Panzner, P., Papi, A., Park, H. S., Pavord, I., Pawankar, R., Pfaar, O., Picard, R., Pigearias, B., Pin, I., Plavec, D., Pohl, W., Popov, T. A., Portejoie, F., Postma, D., Potter, P., Price, D., Rabe, K. F., Raciborski, F., Pontal, Radier F., Repka-Ramirez, S., Robalo-Cordeiro, C., Rolland, C., Rosado-Pinto, J., Reitamo, S., Rodenas, F., Rodriguez, Roman M., Romano, A., Rosario, N., Rosenwasser, L., Rottem, M., Sanchez-Borges, M., Scadding, G. K., Serrano, E., Schmid-Grendelmeier, P., Sheikh, A., Simons, F. E. R., Sisul, J. C., Skrindo, I., Smit, H. A., Solé, D., Sooronbaev, T., Spranger, O., Stelmach, R., Strandberg, T., Sunyer, J., Thijs, C., Todo-Bom, A., Triggiani, M., Valenta, R., Valero, A. L., van Hage, M., Vandenplas, O., Vezzani, G., Vichyanond, P., Viegi, G., Wagenmann, M., Walker, S., Wang, D. Y., Wahn, U., Williams, D. M., Wright, J., Yawn, B. P., Yiallouros, P. K., Yusuf, O. M., Zar, H. J., Zernotti, M. E., Zhang, L., Zhong, N., Zidarn, M., and Mercier, J.
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- 2015
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17. A linear backward Euler scheme for the saturation equation: Regularity results and consistency
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Fadimba, Koffi B.
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- 2010
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18. African programme for onchocerciasis control 1995-2015: updated health impact estimates based on new disability weights.
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Luc E Coffeng, Wilma A Stolk, Honorat G M Zouré, J Lennert Veerman, Koffi B Agblewonu, Michele E Murdoch, Mounkaila Noma, Grace Fobi, Jan Hendrik Richardus, Donald A P Bundy, Dik Habbema, Sake J de Vlas, and Uche V Amazigo
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Published
- 2014
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19. African Programme For Onchocerciasis Control 1995-2015: model-estimated health impact and cost.
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Luc E Coffeng, Wilma A Stolk, Honorat G M Zouré, J Lennert Veerman, Koffi B Agblewonu, Michele E Murdoch, Mounkaila Noma, Grace Fobi, Jan Hendrik Richardus, Donald A P Bundy, Dik Habbema, Sake J de Vlas, and Uche V Amazigo
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
BackgroundOnchocerciasis causes a considerable disease burden in Africa, mainly through skin and eye disease. Since 1995, the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) has coordinated annual mass treatment with ivermectin in 16 countries. In this study, we estimate the health impact of APOC and the associated costs from a program perspective up to 2010 and provide expected trends up to 2015.Methods and findingsWith data on pre-control prevalence of infection and population coverage of mass treatment, we simulated trends in infection, blindness, visual impairment, and severe itch using the micro-simulation model ONCHOSIM, and estimated disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost due to onchocerciasis. We assessed financial costs for APOC, beneficiary governments, and non-governmental development organizations, excluding cost of donated drugs. We estimated that between 1995 and 2010, mass treatment with ivermectin averted 8.2 million DALYs due to onchocerciasis in APOC areas, at a nominal cost of about US$257 million. We expect that APOC will avert another 9.2 million DALYs between 2011 and 2015, at a nominal cost of US$221 million.ConclusionsOur simulations suggest that APOC has had a remarkable impact on population health in Africa between 1995 and 2010. This health impact is predicted to double during the subsequent five years of the program, through to 2015. APOC is a highly cost-effective public health program. Given the anticipated elimination of onchocerciasis from some APOC areas, we expect even more health gains and a more favorable cost-effectiveness of mass treatment with ivermectin in the near future.
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- 2013
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20. Quality of Long-acting Reversible Contraception Provision in Lomé, Togo
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Weidert,Karen, Tekou,Koffi B, and Prata,Ndola
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Open Access Journal of Contraception - Abstract
Karen Weidert,1 Koffi B Tekou,2 Ndola Prata1 1Bixby Center for Population, Health and Sustainability, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; 2Centre d’Evaluation et de Suivi du Groupe de Recherche et d’Appui en Santé et Education de la Population, Lomé, TogoCorrespondence: Ndola PrataSchool of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, 6142 Berkeley Way West, Berkeley, CA 94720-6390, USATel +1510643-4284Email ndola@berkeley.eduContext: Provision of high-quality contraceptive counseling and services is essential to ensure family planning (FP) programs are rights-based and voluntary. Togo’s modern contraceptive use has steadily increased with almost a quarter of the method mix attributed to long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC). The purpose of this study is to assess the quality of LARC provision in Togo.Methods: Data for this study were collected in 2016 as part of a larger research study conducted in Lomé, Togo to assess the effectiveness of the ongoing FP service delivery model. Quality of FP service was assessed in terms of program capacity and program performance. Program capacity was measured with five individual variables and program performance was measured with the Method Information Index (MII). Descriptive statistics and mixed effects models were used to assess likelihood of LARC uptake.Results: Of the 669 clients included in the study, 19.4% received a LARC method. Multivariable results show that LARC uptake is significantly associated with supervisory visit at the facility in the last three months (program capacity indicator) (OR 1.44; 95%CI 1.48– 2.39) and is twice as likely for those with a positive MII score, even after controlling for provider and client characteristics (OR 2.1; 95%CI 1.61– 2.51).Conclusion: This study identified supervisory visits and comprehensive contraceptive counseling as the key quality factors positively associated with uptake of LARC. Continued focus on quality of care and provider–client information exchange is necessary to ensure women’s FP needs are met.Keywords: LARC, Togo, method information index, FP services, quality
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- 2020
21. On existence and uniqueness for a coupled system modeling immiscible flow through a porous medium
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Fadimba, Koffi B.
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- 2007
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22. Estimates of snow accumulation and volume in the Swiss Alps under changing climatic conditions
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Beniston, M., Keller, F., Koffi, B., and Goyette, S.
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- 2003
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23. Do fast foods cause asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema? Global findings from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Three
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Ellwood, Philippa, Asher, M Innes, García-Marcos, Luis, Williams, Hywel, Keil, Ulrich, Robertson, Colin, Nagel, Gabriele, Aït-Khaled, N, Anderson, H R, Asher, M I, Beasley, R, Björkstén, B, Brunekreef, B, Crane, J, Ellwood, P, Flohr, C, Foliaki, S, Forastiere, F, García-Marcos, L, Keil, U, Lai, C K W, Mallol, J, Mitchell, E A, Montefort, S, Odhiambo, J, Pearce, N, Robertson, C F, Stewart, A W, Strachan, D, von Mutius, E, Weiland, S K, Weinmayr, G, Williams, H, Wong, G, Asher, M I, Clayton, T O, Ellwood, E, Ellwood, P, Mitchell, E A, Stewart, A W, Baena-Cagnani, C E, Gómez, M, Howitt, M E, Weyler, J, Pinto-Vargas, R, Cunha, A J L A, de Freitas Souza, L, Kuaban, C, Ferguson, A, Rennie, D, Aguilar, P, Amarales, L, Benavides, L A V, Contreras, A, Chen, Y-Z, Kunii, O, Li Pan, Q, Zhong, N-S, Aristizábal, G, Cepeda, A M, Ordoñez, G A, Koffi, B N, Bustos, C, Riikjärv, M-A, Melaku, K, Saʼaga-Banuve, R, Pekkanen, J, Vlaski, E, Hypolite, I E, Wong, G, Novák, Z, Zsigmond, G, Awasthi, S, Sabir, M, Sharma, S K, Singh, V, Suresh Babu, P S, Kartasasmita, C B, Konthen, P, Suprihati, W, Masjedi, M-R, Steriu, A, Odajima, H, al-Momen, J A, Imanalieva, C, Kudzyte, J, Quah, B S, Teh, K H, Baeza-Bacab, M, Barragán-Meijueiro, M, Del-Río-Navarro, B E, García-Almaráz, R, González-Díaz, S N, Linares-Zapién, F J, Merida-Palacio, J V, Ramírez-Chanona, N, Romero-Tapia, S, Romieu, I, Bouayad, Z, Asher, M I, MacKay, R, Moyes, C, Pattemore, P, Pearce, N, Onadeko, B O, Cukier, G, Chiarella, P, Cua-Lim, F, Brêborowicz, A, Lis, G, Câmara, R, Lopes dos Santos, J M, Nunes, C, Rosado Pinto, J, Fuimaono, P, Goh, D Y T, Zar, H J, Lee, H-B, Blanco-Quirós, A, Busquets, R M, Carvajal-Urueña, I, García-Hernández, G, García-Marcos, L, González Díaz, C, López-Silvarrey Varela, A, Morales Suárez-Varela, M M, Pérez-Yarza, E G, Al-Rawas, O, Mohammad, S, Mohammad, Y, Tabbah, K, Huang, J-L, Kao, C-C, Trakultivakorn, M, Vichyanond, P, Iosefa, T, Windom, H H, Burr, M, Strachan, D, Holgado, D, Lapides, M C, Aldrey, O, Sears, M, Aguirre, V, Mallol, J, Lai, C K W, Shah, J, Baratawidjaja, K, Anderson, H R, Nishima, S, and Lee, B-W
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- 2013
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24. A linearization of a backward Euler scheme for a class of degenerate nonlinear advection–diffusion equations
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Fadimba, Koffi B.
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- 2005
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25. Are environmental factors for atopic eczema in ISAAC phase three due to reverse causation?
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Rutter, Charlotte E., Silverwood, Richard J., Williams, Hywel C., Ellwood, Philippa, Asher, Innes, Garcia-Marcos, Luis, Strachan, David P., Pearce, Neil, Langan, Sinead M., Ait-Khaled, N., Anderson, H. R., Asher, M., I, Beasley, R., Bjorksten, B., Brunekreef, B., Crane, J., Ellwood, P., Flohr, C., Foliaki, S., Forastiere, F., Garcia-Marcos, L., Keil, U., Lai, C. K. W., Mallol, J., Mitchell, E. A., Montefort, S., Odhiambo, J., Pearce, N., Robertson, C. F., Stewart, A. W., Strachan, D., von Mutius, E., Weiland, S. K., Weinmayr, G., Williams, H. C., Wong, G., Clayton, T. O., Ellwood, E., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Gomez, M., Howitt, M. E., Weyler, Joost J., Pinto-Vargas, R., da Cunha, A. J., de Freitas Souza, L., Kuaban, C., Ferguson, A., Rennie, D., Standring, P., Aguilar, P., Amarales, L., Benavides, L. A., Contreras, A., Chen, Y-Z, Kunii, O., Pan, Q. Li, Zhong, N. S., Aristizabal, G., Cepeda, A. M., Ordonez, G. A., Bustos, C., Riikjarv, M-A, Melaku, K., Sa'aga-Banuve, R., Pekkanen, J., Hypolite, I. E., Novak, Z., Zsigmond, G., Awasthi, S., Bhave, S., Hanumante, N. M., Jain, K. C., Joshi, M. K., Khatav, V. A., Mantri, S. N., Pherwani, A., V, Rego, S., Sabir, M., Salvi, S., Setty, G., Sharma, S. K., Singh, V, Sukumaran, T., Babu, P. S. Suresh, Kartasasmita, C. B., Konthen, P., Suprihati, W., Masjedi, M. R., Steriu, A., Koffi, B. N., Odajima, H., al-Momen, J. A., Imanalieva, C., Kudzyte, J., Quah, B. S., Teh, K. H., Baeza-Bacab, M., Barragan-Meijueiro, M., Del-Rio-Navarro, B. E., Garcia-Almaraz, R., Gonzalez-Diaz, S. N., Linares-Zapien, F. J., Merida-Palacio, J., V, Ramirez-Chanona, N., Romero-Tapia, S., Romieu, I, Bouayad, Z., MacKay, R., Moyes, C., Pattemore, P., Onadeko, B. O., Cukier, G., Chiarella, P., Cua-Lim, F., Breborowicz, A., Sole, D., Sears, M., Aguirre, V, Barba, S., Shah, J., Baratawidjaja, K., Nishima, S., de Bruyne, J., Tuuau-Potoi, N., Lai, C. K., Lee, B. W., El Sony, A., Anderson, R., and ISAAC Phase Three Study Grp
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Human medicine - Abstract
Some previously described environmental associations for atopic eczema may be due to reverse causation. We explored the role of reverse causation by comparing individual-and school-level results for multiple atopic eczema risk factors. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (i.e, ISAAC) Phase Three surveyed children in schools (the sampling unit) regarding atopic eczema symptoms and potential risk factors. We assessed the effect of these risk factors on atopic eczema symptoms using mixed-effect logistic regression models, first with individual-level exposure data and second with school-level exposure prevalence. Overall, 546,348 children from 53 countries were included. At ages 6-7 years, the strongest individual-level associations were with current paracetamol use (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.37-1.54), which persisted at school-level (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.10-2.21), early-life antibiotics (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.34-1.48), and early-life paracetamol use (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.21-1.36), with the former persisting at the school level, whereas the latter was no longer observed (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.00-1.82 and OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.69-1.28, respectively). At ages 13-14 years, the strongest associations at the individual level were with current paracetamol use (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.51-1.63) and open-fire cooking (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.33-1.62); both were stronger at the school level (OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.84-3.59 and OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.52-3.73, respectively). Association with exposure to heavy traffic (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.27-1.36) also persisted at the school level (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.07-1.82). Most individual-and school-level effects were consistent, tending to exclude reverse causation.
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- 2019
26. Are environmental risk factors for current wheeze in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) phase three due to reverse causation?
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Silverwood, Richard J., Rutter, Charlotte E., Mitchell, Edwin A., Asher, M. Innes, Garcia-Marcos, Luis, Strachan, David P., Pearce, Neil, Ait-Khaled, N., Anderson, H. R., Asher, M. I., Beasley, R., Bjorksten, B., Brunekreef, B., Crane, J., Ellwood, P., Flohr, C., Foliaki, S., Forastiere, F., Garcia-Marcos, L., Keil, U., Lai, C. K. W., Mallol, J., Mitchell, E. A., Montefort, S., Odhiambo, J., Pearce, N., Robertson, C. F., Stewart, A. W., Strachan, D., von Mutius, E., Weiland, S. K., Weinmayr, G., Williams, H. C., Wong, G., Clayton, T. O., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Gomez, M., Howitt, M. E., Weyler, Joost J., Pinto-Vargas, R., da Cunha, A. J., de Freitas Souza, L., Kuaban, C., Ferguson, A., Rennie, D., Standring, P., Aguilar, P., Amarales, L., Benavides, L. A., Contreras, A., Chen, Y-Z, Kunii, O., Pan, Li, Zhong, N. S., Aristizabal, G., Cepeda, A. M., Ordonez, G. A., Bustos, C., Riikjarv, M-A, Melaku, K., Sa'aga-Banuve, R., Pekkanen, J., Hypolite, I. E., Novak, Z., Zsigmond, G., Awasthi, S., Bhave, S., Hanumante, N. M., Jain, K. C., Joshi, M. K., Khatav, V. A., Mantri, S. N., Pherwani, A. V., Rego, S., Sabir, M., Salvi, S., Setty, G., Sharma, S. K., Singh, V., Sukumaran, T., Babu, P. S. Suresh, Kartasasmita, C. B., Konthen, P., Suprihati, W., Masjedi, M. R., Steriu, A., Koffi, B. N., Odajima, H., al-Momen, J. A., Imanalieva, C., Kudzyte, J., Quah, B. S., Teh, K. H., Baeza-Bacab, M., Barragan-Meijueiro, M., Del-Rio-Navarro, B. E., Garcia-Almaraz, R., Gonzalez-Diaz, S. N., Linares-Zapien, F. J., Merida-Palacio, J. V., Ramirez-Chanona, N., Romero-Tapia, S., Romieu, I., Bouayad, Z., MacKay, R., Moyes, C., Pattemore, P., Onadeko, B. O., Cukier, G., Chiarella, P., Cua-Lim, F., Breborowicz, A., Lis, G., Camara, R., Chiera, M. L., Lopes dos Santos, J. M., Nunes, C., Pinto, J. Rosado, Vlaski, E., Fuimaono, P., Pisi, V., Goh, D. Y., Zar, H. J., Lee, H. B., Blanco-Quiros, A., Busquets, R. M., Carvajal-Uruena, I., Garcia-Hernandez, G., Gonzalez Diaz, C., Lopez-Silvarrey, A., Morales-Suarez-Varela, M., Perez-Yarza, E. G., Musa, O. A., Al-Rawas, O., Mohammad, S., Mohammad, Y., Tabbah, K., Huang, J. L., Kao, C. C., Trakultivakorn, M., Vichyanond, P., Iosefa, T., Burr, M., Holgado, D., Lapides, M. C., Windom, H. H., Aldrey, O., Sole, D., Sears, M., Aguirre, V., Barba, S., Shah, J., Baratawidjaja, K., Nishima, S., de Bruyne, J., Tuuau-Potoi, N., Lai, C. K., Lee, B. W., El Sony, A., Anderson, R., ISAAC Phase Three Study Grp, ISAAC Int Data Ctr, ISAAC Principal Investigators, and ISAAC Natl Coordinators Not
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Human medicine - Abstract
Background: Phase Three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) measured the global prevalence of symptoms of asthma in children. We undertook comprehensive analyses addressing risk factors for asthma symptoms in combination, at both the individual and the school level, to explore the potential role of reverse causation due to selective avoidance or confounding by indication. Objective: To explore the role of reverse causation in risk factors of asthma symptoms. Methods: We compared two sets of multilevel logistic regression analyses, using (a) individual level exposure data and (b) school level average exposure (ie prevalence), in two different age groups. In individual level analyses, reverse causation is a possible concern if individual level exposure statuses were changed as a result of asthma symptoms or diagnosis. School level analyses may suffer from ecologic confounding, but reverse causation is less of a concern because individual changes in exposure status as a result of asthma symptoms would only have a small effect on overall school exposure levels. Results: There were 131 924 children aged 6-7 years (2428 schools, 25 countries) with complete exposure, outcome and confounder data. The strongest associations in individual level analyses (fully adjusted) were for current paracetamol use (odds ratio = 2.06; 95% confidence interval 1.97-2.16), early life antibiotic use (1.65; 1.58-1.73) and open fire cooking (1.44; 1.26-1.65). In school level analyses, these risk factors again showed increased risks. There were 238 586 adolescents aged 13-14 years (2072 schools, 42 countries) with complete exposure, outcome and confounder data. The strongest associations in individual level analyses (fully adjusted) were for current paracetamol use (1.80; 1.75-1.86), cooking on an open fire (1.32; 1.22-1.43) and maternal tobacco use (1.23; 1.18-1.27). In school level analyses, these risk factors again showed increased risks. Conclusions & clinical relevance: These analyses strengthen the potentially causal interpretation of previously reported individual level findings, by providing evidence against reverse causation.
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- 2019
27. World Health Organization's Innovative Direct Disbursement Mechanism for Payment of Grassroots Immunization Personnel and Operations in Nigeria: 2004–2015
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Pascal Mkanda, Jennifer Linkins, Alhagie Corr, Rui G. Vaz, Peter Nsubuga, Alieu Wadda, Daniel Ashogbon, Koffi B. Agblewonu, Theophilus Zhema, Al-asi A. Ibrahim, and Yared G. Yehualashet
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Economic growth ,Best Polio Eradication Initiative (Pei) Practices in Nigeria with Support from the WHO ,Health Personnel ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Nigeria ,Payment system ,World Health Organization ,vaccination personnel payments ,History, 21st Century ,mobile payment ,WHO Nigeria ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,direct disbursement mechanism ,Environmental protection ,Poliomyelitis eradication ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,media_common ,polio funds management ,Government ,education.field_of_study ,Immunization Programs ,business.industry ,supplementary immunization activities ,Financing, Organized ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,Payment ,Polio Vaccination ,Infectious Diseases ,Central government ,Local government ,Workforce ,business ,0503 education ,Poliomyelitis - Abstract
Nigeria is a federal republic with 36 states and a federal capital territory. There are 774 local government authorities (LGAs) and 9565 wards across the nation. Based on the last census, held in 2006, the country had a projected population of >170 million in 2014, which makes it the most populous in Africa [1, 2]. After the 1988 World Health Assembly resolution to eradicate polio, the government of Nigeria, with support from the World Health Organization (WHO) and partners, has implemented several rounds of immunization campaigns against polio each year [3]. During 2003–2004, Nigeria experienced loss of public confidence in oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), which ultimately led to the suspension of the supplemental immunization activities (SIAs). Consequently, poliovirus had a resurgence within Nigeria and spread to 20 previously polio-free countries [4]. Since then, several efforts have been made to improve program performance. At present, Nigeria still remains one of the 3 polio-endemic countries in the world, along with Pakistan and Afghanistan. The May 2015 Independent Monitoring Board report lauded Nigeria's recent progress and recommended that the government “build resilience” to stay polio free through 2017 [5]. In addition to technical and logistic requirements, the success of the polio eradication initiative (PEI) depends on timely provision of adequate financial resources to implement planned activities. The funds required for immunization activities in Nigeria are quite substantial, owing to operational complexity; the nature of the oil-driven economy, which makes the cost of goods and services expensive; and the large size of the population [1, 6]. According to the 2012–2016 financial resource requirements, the basic aspects of polio operations in Nigeria cost an average of $240 million per annum [7, 8]. Despite continued increase in the cost of polio eradication, economic models have proved that the return on PEI investment are justified [9]. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) estimated that incremental net benefits of the GPEI between 1988 and 2035 are approximately $40 billion–$50 billion [10]. Disbursement of funds for field activities and payment of vaccination personnel allowances down to the LGA and ward levels (wards are the lowest administrative unit in Nigeria) are enormous operational challenges in a country the size of Nigeria, because SIAs are the most labor intensive of the eradication strategies [11]. In Nigeria, >360 000 and >180 000 personnel are engaged to support 1 round of national and subnational polio vaccination campaigns, respectively. The subnational rounds are conducted in 11 states, which were categorized as high risk for poliovirus transmission, based on epidemiologic risk analysis. These high-risk states are Bauchi, Borno, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Niger, Sokoto, Yobe, and Zamfara. For polio alone, on average 2 national and 7 subnational rounds are conducted every year. Prior to 2004, operational funds to support SIAs in Nigeria were deposited by partners in a central dedicated account managed by the central government agency responsible for disbursement of the funds to the field. This mechanism faced a number of challenges, including underpayment or nonpayment of end beneficiaries, delays in payment and retirement, and inadequacy of documentation. According to a study conducted by the World Bank in 2005, nonpayment of entitlements at the LGA level was an endemic problem in Nigeria [12]. Following an audit's recommendations to address the challenges and inadequacies of the old payment system, major donors requested that a new payment mechanism be set up to continue with their financial contributions. The WHO conducted a risk assessment in 2013 and then established an innovative payment scheme, referred to as a “direct disbursement mechanism” (DDM), in 2014. The objective of the DDM was to resolve the shortcomings of the old disbursement system and meet donors' expectations. Accordingly, the DDM aimed to avail operational funds in time for implementation of field activities, ensure timely payment of eligible vaccination personnel, and ensure transparent and secured payment process to enhance accountability. In this article, we describe the process and activities involved in management of the DDM and how it provided an innovative solution for direct payment of activities and vaccination personnel at the grassroots level for successful implementation of SIAs.
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- 2016
28. La prévention des infections du site opératoire en orthopédie dans un pays en voie de développement
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Tékpa, B.J.D., Tékpa, G., Mapouka, P.A.I., Djimong-Manda, C.D., Ngbangbangaï, E., and Koffi, B.
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- 2017
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29. Relative performance of indoor vector control interventions in the Ifakara and the West African experimental huts
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Augustin Fongnikin, Raphael N’Guessan, Koffi B. Soukou, Sarah J. Moore, and Welbeck A. Oumbouke
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0301 basic medicine ,Cyclopropanes ,Veterinary medicine ,Insecticides ,Mosquito Control ,Culex ,030231 tropical medicine ,Long-lasting insecticidal net ,Biology ,Mosquito coil ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Insecticide Resistance ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Mosquito ,parasitic diseases ,Benin ,Animals ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Insecticide-Treated Bednets ,Research ,fungi ,biology.organism_classification ,Metofluthrin ,Vector control ,Culex quinquefasciatus ,Ifakara hut ,Fluorobenzenes ,West african ,Mosquito control ,Africa, Western ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,Insecticide resistance ,Insect Repellents ,West African hut ,Housing ,Parasitology ,Female ,Experimental hut ,Demography - Abstract
Background West African and Ifakara experimental huts are used to evaluate indoor mosquito control interventions, including spatial repellents and insecticides. The two hut types differ in size and design, so a side-by-side comparison was performed to investigate the performance of indoor interventions in the two hut designs using standard entomological outcomes: relative indoor mosquito density (deterrence), exophily (induced exit), blood-feeding and mortality of mosquitoes. Methods Metofluthrin mosquito coils (0.00625% and 0.0097%) and Olyset® Net vs control nets (untreated, deliberately holed net) were evaluated against pyrethroid-resistant Culex quinquefasciatus in Benin. Four experimental huts were used: two West African hut designs and two Ifakara hut designs. Treatments were rotated among the huts every four nights until each treatment was tested in each hut 52 times. Volunteers rotated between huts nightly. Results The Ifakara huts caught a median of 37 Culex quinquefasciatus/ night, while the West African huts captured a median of 8/ night (rate ratio 3.37, 95% CI: 2.30–4.94, P 4-fold higher mosquito exit relative to the West African huts (odds ratio 4.18, 95% CI: 3.18–5.51, P
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- 2017
30. Rare Image of Generalised Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Skin Observed in the Service of Dermatology Venereology of Bangui, Central African Republic
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Sylvie Clémence Djabanga, Léon Kobangué, Boniface Koffi B, Falmata Lénguébanga, Yves Wali, Alfred Gaudeuille, and Peggy Guéréndo
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Venereology ,Adenoid cystic carcinoma ,business.industry ,Variable size ,Cutaneous nodules ,Nodule (medicine) ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Tongue ,Scalp ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
The aim was to publish a rare picture of a generalized skin case observed in Central African Republic. A 40-year-old woman comes in for consultation at Dermatology CNHU of Bangui on July 11, 2013 for generalized cutaneous nodules and tumors. The lesions were generalized including the scalp and under the tongue. They were in the form of hard nodules, motionless, variable size and tumors from 2 to 6 cm diameter. Some of which were ulcerated. Histology of a cutaneous nodule showed an image of adenoid cystic carcinoma.
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- 2017
31. A linear backward Euler scheme for a class of degenerate advection–diffusion equations: A mathematical analysis of the convergence in L∞(0, T0;L2(Ω)) and in L2(0, T0;H1(Ω))
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Koffi B. Fadimba
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Discretization ,Error analysis ,Advection ,Linearization ,Applied Mathematics ,Regularization (physics) ,Mathematical analysis ,Degenerate energy levels ,Saturation (chemistry) ,Backward Euler method ,Analysis ,Mathematics - Abstract
This paper concerns itself with establishing convergence estimates for a linearized scheme for solving numerically the saturation equation. In a previous paper, error estimates were obtained for the same scheme in L2(0, T0;L2(Ω)). In this work, we establish error estimates for the linear scheme in L∞(0, T0;L2(Ω)) and in L2(0, T0;H1(Ω)) (in the discrete norms). Under certain realistic conditions, we show that, if the regularization parameter β and the spatial discretization parameter h are carefully chosen in terms of the time-stepping parameter Δt, the convergence, in these spaces, is at least of order O((Δt)α) for some determined α > 0, function of a parameter μ > 0 defined in the problem. Examples of possible choices of β and h in terms of Δt are given.
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- 2014
32. Evaluation of the aerosol vertical distribution in global aerosol models through comparison against CALIOP measurements: AeroCom phase II results
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Koffi, B, Schulz, M, Bréon, F, and Stier, P
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The ability of 11 models in simulating the aerosol vertical distribution from regional to global scales, as part of the second phase of the AeroCom model intercomparison initiative (AeroCom II), is assessed and compared to results of the first phase. The evaluation is performed using a global monthly gridded data set of aerosol extinction profiles built for this purpose from the CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) Layer Product 3.01. Results over 12 subcontinental regions show that five models improved, whereas three degraded in reproducing the interregional variability in Zα0–6 km, the mean extinction height diagnostic, as computed from the CALIOP aerosol profiles over the 0–6 km altitude range for each studied region and season. While the models' performance remains highly variable, the simulation of the timing of the Zα0–6 km peak season has also improved for all but two models from AeroCom Phase I to Phase II. The biases in Zα0–6 km are smaller in all regions except Central Atlantic, East Asia, and North and South Africa. Most of the models now underestimate Zα0–6 km over land, notably in the dust and biomass burning regions in Asia and Africa. At global scale, the AeroCom II models better reproduce the Zα0–6 km latitudinal variability over ocean than over land. Hypotheses for the performance and evolution of the individual models and for the intermodel diversity are discussed. We also provide an analysis of the CALIOP limitations and uncertainties contributing to the differences between the simulations and observations.
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- 2016
33. Convergence Estimates for a Linear Backward Euler Scheme for the Saturation Equation
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Koffi B. Fadimba
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Mathematics Subject Classification ,Discretization ,Linearization ,Regularization (physics) ,Degenerate energy levels ,Applied mathematics ,Euler scheme ,Saturation (chemistry) ,Backward Euler method ,Mathematics - Abstract
In a previous work, stability and consistency results were established for a linearized Euler scheme for the saturation equation. In this paper we continue the mathematical analysis of the scheme, in preparation for its numerical treatment in a future work. We use the regularity results, obtained previously, to establish error estimates in L 2 () for the linear scheme. This work is done with the degenerate nature of the saturation equation in mind, but it is also valid for the non degenerate case like the concentration equation. We show that, if the regularization parameter and the spatial discretization parameter h are carefully chosen in terms of the time stepping parameter t , the convergence is at least of order O((t) ) for some determined >0 . Examples of choices of and h are given. We also establish a new (at our knowledge) regularity result for the continuous Galerkin formulation of the Saturation Equation and a new regularity result for the linear scheme. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 35Q35, 65M06, 65M15, 65M60. 0)
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- 2012
34. Pressure/Saturation System for Immiscible Two-Phase Flow: Uniqueness Revisited
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Koffi B. Fadimba
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Regularization (physics) ,Mathematical analysis ,Degenerate equation ,General Medicine ,Uniqueness ,Two-phase flow ,Saturation (chemistry) ,Flow function ,Mathematics - Abstract
We give a sufficient condition for uniqueness for the pressure/saturation system. We establish this condition through analytic arguments, and then construct “mobilities” (or mobility-like functions) that satisfy the new condition (when the parameter is 2). For the constructed “mobilities”, we do graphical experiments that show, empirically, that this condition could be satisfied for other values of 1< < 2 . These empirical experiments indicate that the usual smoothness condition on the fractional flow function (and on the total mobility), for uniqueness and convergence, might not be necessary. This condition is also sufficient for the convergence of a family of perturbed problems to the original pressure/saturation problem.
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- 2011
35. Relative performance of indoor vector control interventions in the Ifakara and the West African experimental huts
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Oumbouke, Welbeck A., primary, Fongnikin, Augustin, additional, Soukou, Koffi B., additional, Moore, Sarah J., additional, and N’Guessan, Raphael, additional
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Rare Image of Generalised Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Skin Observed in the Service of Dermatology Venereology of Bangui, Central African Republic
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Kobangue, Leon, primary, Djabanga, Sylvie Clemence, additional, Lenguebanga, Falmata, additional, Guerendo, Peggy, additional, Wali, Yves, additional, Gaudeuille, Alfred, additional, and Koffi B, Boniface, additional
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. On existence and uniqueness for a coupled system modeling immiscible flow through a porous medium
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Koffi B. Fadimba
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Partial differential equation ,Fixed point theorem ,Weak solution ,Applied Mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,Porous media ,Existence of a solution ,Two-phase flow ,Nonlinear system ,Compact space ,Coupled system ,Bounded function ,Regularization ,Degenerate parabolic equation ,Nonlinear partial differential equation ,Initial value problem ,Boundary value problem ,Uniqueness ,Analysis ,Mathematics - Abstract
We consider a system of nonlinear coupled partial differential equations that models immiscible two-phase flow through a porous medium. A primary difficulty with this problem is its degenerate nature. Under reasonable assumptions on the data, and for appropriate boundary and initial conditions, we prove the existence of a weak solution to the problem, in a certain sense, using a compactness argument. This is accomplished by regularizing the problem and proving that the regularized problem has a unique solution which is bounded independently of the regularization parameter. We also establish a priori estimates for uniqueness of a solution.
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- 2007
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38. Error Analysis for a Galerkin Finite Element Method Applied to a Coupled Nonlinear Degenerate System of Advection-diffusion Equations
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Koffi B. Fadimba
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Computational Mathematics ,Numerical Analysis ,Nonlinear system ,Discretization ,Discontinuous Galerkin method ,Applied Mathematics ,Applied mathematics ,Mixed finite element method ,Uniqueness ,Galerkin method ,Finite element method ,Mathematics ,Extended finite element method - Abstract
We consider a standard Galerkin Method applied to both the pressure equation and the saturation equation of a coupled nonlinear system of degenerate advection-diffusion equations modeling a two-phase immiscible flow through porous media. After regularizing the problem and establishing some regularity results, we derive error estimates for a semi-discretized Galerkin Method. A decoupled nonlinear scheme is then proposed for a fully discretized (backward in time) Galerkin Method, and error estimates are derived for that method. We also prove the existence and uniqueness for the nonlinear operator intervening in the backward time discretization.
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- 2006
39. Galerkin finite element method for a class of porous medium equations
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Koffi B. Fadimba and Robert Sharpley
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Discretization ,Applied Mathematics ,Degenerate energy levels ,Mathematical analysis ,General Engineering ,Regular polygon ,General Medicine ,Computational Mathematics ,Discontinuous Galerkin method ,Regularization (physics) ,Bounded function ,Galerkin method ,Porous medium ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,Analysis ,Mathematics - Abstract
We study the numerical approximation of the Saturation Equation which arises in the formulation of two phase fluid flow through porous media, idealized as either a convex bounded polyhedral domain or a domain with smooth boundary. This equation is degenerate and the solutions are not guaranteed to be sufficiently smooth for direct numerical approximation. Through regularization, a family of approximate non-degenerate problems is considered along with their numerical approximations. Error estimates are established for appropriately transformed continuous Galerkin approximations, followed by corresponding error estimates for a fully discretized Galerkin method for this class of problems.
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- 2004
40. Méthode simple d’échange de germoplasme de cocotier (Cocos nucifera L.) par l’utilisation d’embryons zygotiques
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Yoboue, K, Alla-N'Nan, O, Konan, JLK, Sie, RS, Kouassi, M, Yao, SDM, and Koffi, B-EZ
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Cocotier, cylindres d'endosperme, embryon, culture in vitro, échange de matériel - Abstract
Objectif : Chez le cocotier, les transferts de matériels effectués sous forme de cylindres d’albumen contenant l’embryon, compte du poids et du volume de la graine, se heurtent à plusieurs difficultés notamment les problèmes phytosanitaires et les nombreuses contaminations. Ce présent travail vise à déterminer les meilleures conditions de transfert permettant une meilleur régénération des embryons dans les laboratoires d’accueil.Méthodologie et résultats : Pour cela les embryons issus de noix matures (10 à 12 mois) ont été conditionnés sur deux milieux. Un milieu de régénération contenant du sucre (culture direct) et un milieu de maintien en vie ralentie sans sucre (conservation préalable avant la mise en culture). Le taux de germination des embryons extraits de noix matures sur les deux milieux ont été évalués. Les résultats ont montré que les taux de germination des embryons sont similaires après leur transfert sur le milieu de germination pour les deux milieux utilisés. Il varie entre 74 % et 84 % comparativement aux noix entières utilisées comme témoin qui ont un taux de 58 %.Conclusion et application des résultats : Cette étude a montré qu’il est possible d’utiliser directement les embryons zygotiques pour les échanges de matériel chez le cocotier en les maintenant en vie ralentie sur un milieu de culture sans sucre. Le maintien des embryons en vie ralentie et leur transfert sur le milieu dépourvu de sucre n’affecte pas leur régénération ultérieure. Ce mode de transfert permettrait de réduire le taux de contamination élevé lors du transfert de matériel sous forme de cylindres d’albumen. La priorité des pays producteurs de cocotier étant la création de nouvelles collections et l’enrichissement des collections existantes, la disponibilité d’une méthode fiable de transfert de matériel constitue une avancé majeur. L’utilisation du milieu de régénération peut conduire à un épuisement des constituants minéraux et entrainer le mort d’embryons ou des malformations au cours de la croissance.Mots clés: Cocotier, cylindres d'endosperme, embryon, culture in vitro, échange de matériel
- Published
- 2014
41. African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control 1995– 2015 : Updated Health Impact Estimates Based on New Disability Weights
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Coffeng, Luc E., Stolk, Wilma A., Zoure, Honorat G. M., Veerman, J. Lennert, and Agblewonu, Koffi B.
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GBD ,parasitic diseases ,onchocerciasis ,river blindness ,Global Burden of Disease - Abstract
Since 1995, the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) has coordinated mass treatment with ivermectin in 16 sub-Saharan countries (Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Liberia, Malawi, Nigeria, North Sudan, South Sudan, Uganda, and the United Republic of Tanzania) with the aim to control morbidity due to infection with Onchocerca volvulus, a filarial nematode. Recently, we predicted trends in prevalence of infection, visual impairment, blindness, and troublesome itch due to onchocerciasis in APOC countries for the period 1995–2015, based on extensive data on pre-control infection levels, population coverage of ivermectin mass treatment, and the association between infection and morbidity. We also estimated the associated health impact, expressed in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).
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- 2014
42. African programme for onchocerciasis control 1995-2015: updated health impact estimates based on new disability weights
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Dik Habbema, Wilma A. Stolk, Koffi B. Agblewonu, Donald A. P. Bundy, J. Lennert Veerman, Uche V. Amazigo, Michele E. Murdoch, Sake J. de Vlas, Grace Fobi, Honorat G. M. Zouré, Jan Hendrik Richardus, Luc E. Coffeng, Mounkaila Noma, and Public Health
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Epidemiology ,Eye Infections ,Population Modeling ,Onchocerciasis ,Global Health ,Systems Science ,Disability Evaluation ,Global health ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Public and Occupational Health ,Mathematical Computing ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Applied Mathematics ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Complex Systems ,Viewpoints ,Infectious Diseases ,Helminth Infections ,Physical Sciences ,Corneal Disorders ,Retinal Disorders ,medicine.symptom ,Skin Infections ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Computer and Information Sciences ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Infectious Disease Control ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,Inflammatory Diseases ,Population ,Visual impairment ,Vision Disorders ,Dermatology ,Disease Surveillance ,Infectious Disease Epidemiology ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,Environmental health ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Parasitic Diseases ,Humans ,education ,Psychiatry ,Disease burden ,Africa South of the Sahara ,Keratitis ,business.industry ,Public health ,Pruritus ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Computational Biology ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Computing Methods ,Ophthalmology ,Tanzania ,Lens Disorders ,Communicable Disease Control ,business ,Infectious Disease Modeling ,Mathematics - Abstract
Since 1995, the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) has coordinated mass treatment with ivermectin in sixteen sub-Saharan countries with the aim to control morbidity due to infection with Onchocerca volvulus, a filarial nematode. The authors predicted trends in prevalence of infection, visual impairment,blindness, and troublesome itch due to onchocerciasis in APOC countries for the period 1995–2015, based on extensive data on pre-control infection levels, population coverage of ivermectin mass treatment, and the association between infection and morbidity . They also estimated the associated health impact, expressed in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). However, the estimated health impact was based on disability weights from the 2004 update of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, which have been criticized for being based solely on the opinions of health professionals . The published GBD 2010 study addressed the criticism by providing updated disability weights based on household surveys in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Peru, and Tanzania, an open internet survey, and a telephone survey in the United States . As a result of this populationbased approach, the disability weights for visual impairment, blindness, and troublesome itch have changed considerably and should better reflect our ideas and beliefs as a society of what constitutes health.
- Published
- 2014
43. 153 Facteurs de décès précoce par Pneumopathie Aiguë Communautaire (PAC) en milieu africain
- Author
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Horo, K., Boko Kouassi, A., N’goran Koffi, B., Severin N’gom, A., Kamdem Kenmogne, F., and Aka-Danguy, E.
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- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. HTAP_v2.2: a mosaic of regional and global emission grid maps for 2008 and 2010 to study hemispheric transport of air pollution
- Author
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Janssens-Maenhout, G., primary, Crippa, M., additional, Guizzardi, D., additional, Dentener, F., additional, Muntean, M., additional, Pouliot, G., additional, Keating, T., additional, Zhang, Q., additional, Kurokawa, J., additional, Wankmüller, R., additional, Denier van der Gon, H., additional, Kuenen, J. J. P., additional, Klimont, Z., additional, Frost, G., additional, Darras, S., additional, Koffi, B., additional, and Li, M., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. MALADIE DE KAPOSI RÉVÉLANT L’INFECTION PAR LE VIH
- Author
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KOFFI, B., HARMOUCHE, H., SERRAJ, K., TAZI MEZALEK, Z., ADNAOUI, M., AOUNI, M., and MAAOUNI, A.
- Subjects
maladie de Kaposi, Sida, VIH - Abstract
La plus fréquente au cours du syndrome d’immunodéficience acquise. Le but de ce travail rétrospectif est de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques, thérapeutiques et évolutifs de trois cas de maladie de Kaposi révélant une infection par le VIH colligés dans notre formation entre janvier 2002 et décembre 2008. Il s’agissait de deux hommes et une femme d’un âge moyen de 39 ans. Le diagnostic de la maladie de Kaposi a été posé sur l’aspect clinique et histologique des lésions chez les trois patients. Les localisations de la maladie étaient cutanées et ganglionnaires dans tous les cas, muqueuses chez 2 patients (70%), digestive dans un cas et pulmonaire dans un cas. Le taux moyen de CD4 au moment du diagnostic était de 200/mm3. Le traitement était à base de chimiothérapie chez tous nos malades, associée à la trithérapie antirétrovirale. L’évolution était favorable dans 2 cas et fatale chez un patient avec atteinte pulmonaire. Les trois observations rapportées montrent la gravité et le caractère multifocal de cette affection, dont le diagnostic a été porté à un stade avancé de l’infection à VIH. La chimiothérapie antinéoplasique reste très coûteuse et source d’iatrogénie et d’interactions médicamenteuses souvent difficiles à gérer. Un dépistage plus précoce permettrait certainement un diagnostic plus précoce de l’infection à VIH ou du moins celui d’une maladie de Kaposi encore localisée pour laquelle la trithérapie antirétrovirale est généralement suffisante., Maroc Médical, Vol. 31, No 2 (2009)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Chemical Variability of Cleistopholis patens (Benth.) Engl. et Diels Leaf Oil from Ivory Coast
- Author
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Ouattara, Zana. A., Boti, Jean-Brice, Attioua, Koffi B., Ahibo, Antoine Coffy, Casanova, Joseph, Tomi, Félix, Bighelli, Ange, Ressources naturelles, Sciences pour l'environnement (SPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur de Côte d'Ivoire (Bourse de Recherche de Z.A.O.), and Lugrezi, Cathy
- Subjects
chemical variability ,13C NMR ,[CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry ,[CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry ,Africa ,Annonaceae ,Ivory Coast ,Cleistopholis pattens ,essential oil - Abstract
International audience; The chemical composition of 48 leaf oil samples isolated from individual plants of Cleistopholis patens (Benth.) Engl. et Diels harvested in four Ivoirian forests was investigated by GC-FID (determination of retention indices), GC/MS, and 13C-NMR analyses. The main components identified were b-pinene (traces-59.1%), sabinene (traces-54.2%), (E)-b-caryophyllene (0.3-39.3%), linalool (0.1-38.5%), (E)-b-ocimene (0.1-33.2%), germacrene D (0.0-33.1%), a-pinene (0.1-32.3%), and germacrene B (0-21.2%). The 48 oil compositions were submitted to hierarchical clustering and principal components analyses, which allowed the distinction of three groups within the oil samples. The oil composition of the major group (Group I, 33 samples) was dominated by (E)-b-caryophyllene and linalool. The oils of Group II (eight samples) contained mainly b-pinene and a-pinene, while those of Group III (seven samples) were dominated by sabinene, limonene, and b-phellandrene. Moreover, the compositions of the Ivoirian C. patens leaf oils differed from those of Nigerian and Cameroonian origins.
- Published
- 2013
47. African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control 1995– 2015 : Model-Estimated Health Impact and Cost
- Author
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Coffeng, Luc E., Stolk, Wilma A., Zoure, Honorat G. M., Veerman, J. Lennert, and Agblewonu, Koffi B.
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river blindness ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,health impact ,health cost ,Onchocerciasis - Abstract
Onchocerciasis causes a considerable disease burden in Africa, mainly through skin and eye disease. Since 1995, the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) has coordinated annual mass treatment with ivermectin in 16 countries. In this study, we estimate the health impact of APOC and the associated costs from a program perspective up to 2010 and provide expected trends up to 2015.
- Published
- 2013
48. African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control 1995-2015: Model-Estimated Health Impact and Cost
- Author
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Koffi B. Agblewonu, Michele E. Murdoch, Donald A. P. Bundy, Dik Habbema, Luc E. Coffeng, Mounkaila Noma, Wilma A. Stolk, Grace Fobi, J. Lennert Veerman, Uche V. Amazigo, Honorat G. M. Zouré, Sake J. de Vlas, Jan Hendrik Richardus, and Public Health
- Subjects
Male ,Epidemiology ,RC955-962 ,Onchocerciasis ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Global health ,Child ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,Applied Mathematics ,Complex Systems ,Middle Aged ,Infectious Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,Costs and Cost Analysis ,Medicine ,Female ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Public Health ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Research Article ,Neglected Tropical Diseases ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Infectious Disease Control ,Adolescent ,Population ,Population health ,Infectious Disease Epidemiology ,Young Adult ,Environmental health ,Parasitic Diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,education ,Disease burden ,Health policy ,Aged ,Ivermectin ,Models, Statistical ,Health economics ,business.industry ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,Filaricides ,Africa ,Communicable Disease Control ,Immunology ,Infectious Disease Modeling ,business ,Mathematics - Abstract
Background Onchocerciasis causes a considerable disease burden in Africa, mainly through skin and eye disease. Since 1995, the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) has coordinated annual mass treatment with ivermectin in 16 countries. In this study, we estimate the health impact of APOC and the associated costs from a program perspective up to 2010 and provide expected trends up to 2015. Methods and Findings With data on pre-control prevalence of infection and population coverage of mass treatment, we simulated trends in infection, blindness, visual impairment, and severe itch using the micro-simulation model ONCHOSIM, and estimated disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost due to onchocerciasis. We assessed financial costs for APOC, beneficiary governments, and non-governmental development organizations, excluding cost of donated drugs. We estimated that between 1995 and 2010, mass treatment with ivermectin averted 8.2 million DALYs due to onchocerciasis in APOC areas, at a nominal cost of about US$257 million. We expect that APOC will avert another 9.2 million DALYs between 2011 and 2015, at a nominal cost of US$221 million. Conclusions Our simulations suggest that APOC has had a remarkable impact on population health in Africa between 1995 and 2010. This health impact is predicted to double during the subsequent five years of the program, through to 2015. APOC is a highly cost-effective public health program. Given the anticipated elimination of onchocerciasis from some APOC areas, we expect even more health gains and a more favorable cost-effectiveness of mass treatment with ivermectin in the near future., Author Summary In 1995, the World Health Organization launched the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) with the aim to control morbidity due to the parasitic infectious disease onchocerciasis (river blindness). APOC aims to set up sustainable national control programs against onchocerciasis in 16 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, covering over 100 million people who are at risk for infection. The main control strategy is mass treatment with the drug ivermectin, which is donated by the pharmaceutical company Merck. Coordination of the mass treatment programs is made possible by financial contributions from donor and beneficiary countries. We estimated that between 1995 and 2010, APOC has had a huge impact on population health in sub-Saharan Africa, preventing 8.2 million years worth of healthy life from being lost due to disease and mortality, at a cost of about US$257 million. We predicted that this health impact will double during the subsequent five years, at a cost of about US$221 million. This makes APOC one of the most cost-efficient large-scale public health programs in the world. We may expect even greater health gains in the future, given the anticipated extension of the APOC mandate with the aim to eliminate infection where possible.
- Published
- 2013
49. Dynamique d'expansion des cacaoyères dans les zones de contact forêtsavane: cas de la sous-préfecture de Kokumbo (Centre de la Côte d'Ivoire).
- Author
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Kpangui, K. B., Vroh, B. T. A., Kouamé, D., Goné, B. Z. B., Koffi, B. J.-C., and Yao, C. Y. Adou
- Abstract
Copyright of Tropicultura is the property of Agri-Overseas asbl and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
50. Application of the CALIOP layer product to evaluate the vertical distribution of aerosols estimated by global models: AeroCom phase I results
- Author
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Koffi, B., Schulz, M., Breon, F.M., Griesfeller, J., Winker, D., Balkanski, Y., Bauer, S., Berntsen, T., Chin, M.A., Collins, W.D., Dentener, F., Diehl, T., Easter, R., Ghan, S., Ginoux, P., Gong, S.L., Horowitz, L.W., Iversen, T., Kirkevag, A., Koch, D., Krol, M.C., Myhre, G., Stier, P., Takemura, T., JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Department of Geosciences [Tucson], University of Arizona, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Department of Meteorology [Monterey], Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Air Quality Research Branch, Meteorological Service of Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Center for International Climate and Environmental Research [Oslo] (CICERO), University of Oslo (UiO), Department of Physics [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Kyushu University [Fukuoka], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geosciences [University of Arizona], University of Oxford, and Kyushu University
- Subjects
Meteorologie en Luchtkwaliteit ,mineral dust ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph] ,WIMEK ,Meteorology and Air Quality ,goddard-institute ,gocart model ,general-circulation model ,[SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology ,emission inventories ,optical-properties ,north-atlantic ,satellite-observations ,sun photometer measurements ,calipso lidar - Abstract
The CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) layer product is used for a multimodel evaluation of the vertical distribution of aerosols. Annual and seasonal aerosol extinction profiles are analyzed over 13 sub-continental regions representative of industrial, dust, and biomass burning pollution, from CALIOP 2007-2009 observations and from AeroCom (Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models) 2000 simulations. An extinction mean height diagnostic (Z) is defined to quantitatively assess the models' performance. It is calculated over the 0-6 km and 0-10 km altitude ranges by weighting the altitude of each 100 m altitude layer by its aerosol extinction coefficient. The mean extinction profiles derived from CALIOP layer products provide consistent regional and seasonal specificities and a low inter-annual variability. While the outputs from most models are significantly correlated with the observed Z climatologies, some do better than others, and 2 of the 12 models perform particularly well in all seasons. Over industrial and maritime regions, most models show higher Z than observed by CALIOP, whereas over the African and Chinese dust source regions, Z is underestimated during Northern Hemisphere Spring and Summer. The positive model bias in Z is mainly due to an overestimate of the extinction above 6 km. Potential CALIOP and model limitations, and methodological factors that might contribute to the differences are discussed. Copyright 2012 by the American Geophysical Union.
- Published
- 2012
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