Search

This chapter contains sections titled: * Introduction * Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroformylation o Introduction o Steric Bite Angle Effect and Regioselectivity o Electronic Bite Angle Effect and Activity o Isotope Effects [24] * Platinum-Catalyzed Alkene Hydroformylation * Palladium-Catalyzed CO/Ethene Copolymerization o Polyketone Formation o Chain Transfer Mechanisms (Initiation-Termination) o Methyl Propanoate Formation o Theoretical Support * Rhodium-Catalyzed Methanol Carbonylation: the Ligand-Modified Monsanto Process * References

Various amine nucleophiles including glycine methyl ester were used in the palladium-catalysed aminocarbonylation of (E)- and (Z)-1-iodo-1-dodecene. The substrates were synthesised from 1-dodecanal via the corresponding hydrazone, which was treated with iodine in the presence of tetramethylguanidine. The homogeneous catalytic aminocarbonylation resulted in the corresponding odd-number carboxamides in moderate to good yields. The reaction was accompanied by the formation of some carboxamides with triple bonds in the 2-position. The latter products were formed in relatively high yields with secondary amines such as piperidine and morpholine and were isolated as pure compounds. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Methyl prolinate and benzyl prolinate were used as secondary amine nucleophiles in palladium catalysed aminocarbonylation of iodo-aromatics and iodo-alkenes. A mixture of 2-oxo-carboxamide and carboxamide type derivatives or pure carboxamides can be obtained by using iodo-benzene or iodo-alkenes as substrates, respectively. The aminocarbonylation of iodo-alkenes in [bmim][PF6] ionic liquid was also carried out. © 2006 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.

Three generations of α,γ-diaminobutyric acid modified poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers [DAB(AM)n, n = 4, 8, 16] containing 4, 8, 16 free amino groups were coupled with Boc-protected α,γ-diaminobutyric acid (DABA) moieties in high yields. These modified dendrimers were deprotected and the chiral dendritic amines with 8, 16 and 32 amino groups on the surface were isolated in excellent yields. Dendrimers with cisplatin moieties at the periphery were obtained in the reaction of the free amine dendrimers and potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II). The highly insoluble complexes were isolated as hydrates and characterized by means of IR, TGA and elemental analysis. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Amino acid methyl esters were used as amine nucleophiles in palladium catalysed aminocarbonylation of iodobenzene and iodoalkenes (1-iodo-cyclohexene and 17-iodo-androst-16-ene). 2-Oxo-carboxamide type derivatives can be isolated as a result of double CO insertion by using iodobenzene as a substrate at elevated carbon monoxide pressure. On the contrary, carboxamides of expected structure were obtained exclusively in excellent yields in the whole pressure range by using iodoalkenes. The aminocarbonylation of 17-iodo-androst-16-ene in [bmim][PF 6] or [bmim][BF 4] (where bmim=1-butyl-3-methyl- imidazolium cation) ionic liquids was also carried out and the ionic liquid-catalyst mixtures have been reused several times with only a small loss of activity. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.