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Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) also known as consumer-packaged goods are consumed every day by the average consumers and it has become part of everyday life for most of the urban and rural people, used up over short period of days, weeks or months and within one year. The items in FMCG include all consumables (other than groceries, pulses) and non-consumable that people buy at regular intervals. Since the past few years, the income of rural Indians is raising and their mindset to buy FMCG products are increasing rapidly with improving their lifestyle. With this improving interest of rural consumers over FMCG products, the study entitled " Study on Rural Marketing of Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) Milk was undertaken to investigate the buying pattern of rural consumers inVinukonda mandal of Guntur district, the factors affecting the buying pattern of rural consumers, the factors affecting the buying behavior of rural consumers, their level of satisfaction towards the changing the attributes like Price, Quality, Availabilities, offers, and purchasing experience and the various opportunities and challenges for FMCG companies in rural areas. The products chosen for this case study are milk and its importance This study also reveals that how a rural consumer makes the decision to spend their available resources (time, effort, money) on consuming related items and their satisfaction levels towards their FMCG product available in their locations. The study also identifies how their power of buying the FMCG products is utilized from different stores. It also revealed the affective of various sources of information affecting the buying behavior of FMCG brands and also the loyalty of rural consumers on sticking to the same brand., {"references":["1.\tAnand and Hundal, B.S. (2008), \"Perceptions of consumers towards promotional schemes for durables: a study in Punjab\", The ICFAI University Journal of Consumer Behaviour, Vol.3 No. 2, 17-31. 2.\tAnand, Sandeep and Krishna, Rajnish (2008), \"Rural brand preference determinants in India\", 3.\tIn Conference on Marketing to Rural Consumers – Understanding and tapping the rural market potential, IIMK, pp. 1-5. 4.\tArens, F. William (2006), Contemporary Advertising, 10 e, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, New York 5.\tBhatt, Rajeshwari G. and Jaiswal, M. C. (1986), \"A study of an advertising impact and consumer reaction\", Indian Journal of Marketing, Vol.18, pp. 9-16. 6.\tBijapurkar, Rama (2000), \"The Marketing in India, The Economic Times, September 18, pp. 6. 7.\tBijoor, Harish (2005), \"Creating brand strategies for rural India\", Deccan Herald, July, 4. 8.\tBishnoi, V.K. and Bharti (2007), \"Awareness and consumption pattern of rural consumers towards home and personal care products\", In Conference on Marketing to Rural Consumers, IIM K, pp. 93-106. 9.\tDhunna, Mukesh (1984), \"An analysis of consumer behaviour—a case study of soft drinks\", Indian Journal of Marketing, Vol.14, pp. 26-28."]}

The paper presents the variables of an airfoil that has a direct impact on the movement of the airplane. The test evaluation of the impact of chaotic disturbances caused due to atmospheric or any other external conditions on the entire plane is a difficult process mainly due to the size of the airplane, so instead of testing on the entire airplane, it is divided into different parts and each part is individually calculated and the test of all the parts are put together and averaged to get the average turbulence impact on the entire plane. This paper has the results of all the different variables that directly or indirectly impact the airplane, that can cause a chaotic movement impacting the airplane movement, and its velocity based on the density and thickness.

Excellent characteristics of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) include light weight, high strength, high modulus, and high temperature resistance. CFRP has a wide range of potential applications in the domains of public safety, aviation, and high-end non-military people products. Different methods have been used to modify the CFRP in order to increase surface action, harshness, and wettability, improving the interfacial binding between the fiber and network for better mechanical properties. Finally, a few CFRP-related difficulties are looked at, and future directions in interfacial support research are predicted. In this day and age, innovation-focused applications are becoming more significant, and the use of mechanical cycles is progressing swiftly and steadily. Due to their exceptional performance, such as low weight, high specific strength, and high specific stiffness, carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have a wide application viewpoint in the aerospace, military, and wind power sector high-quality civilian products. Currently, there is still a significant discrepancy between the theoretical calculation of the CFRP and the actual force. Improving the interface rationally is the key to solving this fundamental issue. The development, properties, and contemporary applications of CFRP composite materials, as well as their processing and boring activities, are discussed in this overview along with recent innovations and potential future applications.

We describe a 36-year-old post-renal transplant patient diagnosed with a rare dual infection by Cryptococcus neoformans and Lichtheimia ramosa. The case highlights the significance of invasive samples and accurate interpretation of fungal biomarkers in the diagnosis of fungal infections in immunosuppressed patients. The mortality in such cases is high owing to delay in diagnosis, inability to perform surgical management or antifungal resistance.

Food creation be directed expand uniquely to take care of the developing human populace; however, this should be accomplished while at the same time decreasing unfriendly natural effects. In such manner, there is expanding interest in the utilization of nanomaterials as composts for further developing plant mineral sustenances that are crippling Indian agriculture. To address these problems, there is a need to explore one of the frontier technologies like nano-technology to precisely detect and deliver correct quantity of nutrients that promote the productivity. Nano-technology uses synthesized materials that are 10–9 nm in size to improve the productivity, yield and crop quality. Research has proved beyond doubt that the nano-fertilizers that contain readily available nutrients in nano-scale have increased uptake, absorption and improved bioavailability in the plant body compared to the conventional bulk equivalents. This audit assesses the current writing on ENMs utilized as pesticides and manures, and features basic information holes that should be addressed to guarantee maintainable use of nanotechnology in horticulture to accomplish worldwide food security. Designing nanoparticles-based nanofertilizers offer advantages in crop nourishment of the board by upgrading abiotic stress resilience and improving farming efficiency towards the advancement of brilliant and supportable future horticulture.

Background: Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are rare, mesenchymal neoplasms composed of epithelioid cells exhibiting myogenic and melanocytic differentiation. The uterus is an infrequent site of involvement. The most common histopathologic mimics include leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, undifferentiated uterine sarcoma, and malignant melanoma. Rendering an accurate histopathologic diagnosis is essential, owing to the prognostic and therapeutic implications. Case: A 65-years-old post-menopausal woman presented with post-menopausal bleeding, abdominal pain, and heaviness for the last four months. Ultrasound abdomen revealed a large uterine mass replacing the endometrial cavity. She underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Result: Microscopically, a circumscribed tumor with tumor cells arranged in sheets and interlacing fascicles, with interspersed fine capillary network, was seen. The individual tumor cells were epithelioid to spindle with moderate pleomorphism, round nuclei, vesicular chromatin, prominent macronucleoli, and moderate cytoplasm. Mitosis was 2-3/50 HPFs. On immunohistochemistry, tumor cells were positive for HMB-45, Melan-A, and smooth muscle actin and were negative for h-caldesmon, TFE3, S-100, CD10, and pan-cytokeratin. Based on the histopathologic and immunohistochemical features, a final diagnosis of malignant uterine PEComa was rendered. Conclusions: This index report describes the characteristic histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of malignant uterine PEComa and highlights the salient features that distinguish it from other commonly encountered histopathologic mimics.

BACKGROUND The incidence of induction of labour is raising worldwide with a rate of 20% to 30% in developed countries. At present, each method of induction of labour has its own merits and demerits. We studied the safety and efficacy of Foley’s catheter in induction of labour at term and compared its safety and efficacy with that of vaginal misoprostol. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a case-control study conducted on 100 pregnant women planned for induction of labour at term with a Bishop’s score of ≤6. Women were randomly divided into two groups of 50 patients in each group. In group A, labour was induced with trans cervical Foley’s catheter and in women in group B labour was induced with 25 micrograms of intravaginal misoprostol 4th hourly up to maximum of 6 doses. Induction delivery intervals and fetomaternal outcomes were noted. RESULTS In group A (Foley’s catheter group) only 50% of women delivered before 24 hours whereas 94% of group B (Misoprostol group) delivered before 24 hrs. The induction to delivery interval in group B is significantly shorter compared to group A. The rate of vaginal delivery was 76% in group A versus 82% in group B. The rate of caesarean section due to failed induction was 58.4% in group A compared to 22% in group B. There were higher rates of APGAR ≤6, Meconium stained liquor and NICU admissions in group B compared to group A. CONCLUSION Intravaginal Misoprostol is associated with shorter induction to delivery interval compared to Foley’s catheter and higher rate of vaginal delivery in case of unripe cervix. Whereas trans-cervical Foley’s catheter is associated with lower incidence of hyperstimulation and may be a reasonable alternative for patients who are at increased risk of uterine rupture during labour.

Highlights • A rare case of metastatic dysgerminoma in a young patient with 46XY DSD. • Incidence of DSD is 1:5000 with 90% of patients having 46XX chromosome and only 10% have 46 XY chromosome. • Individuals with an underlying DSD, especially with Y chromosome have an increased risk of developing germ cell tumor. • Dysgerminoma is highly chemosensitive tumor. • Multidisciplinary approach is required in management of such cases., The term DSD (Disorders of Sex development) is issued to define those conditions in whom disharmony exists between chromosomal, hormonal and anatomical sex. Parental and patient mental health and quality of life are adversely affected by these conditions. Moreover, individuals with an underlying DSD, especially those with specific Y chromosomal material in their karyotype have an increased risk for developing a germ cell tumor. Here, we present a unique case of 46XY DSD with bilateral dysgerminomas presenting with abdominal mass at the age of 24 years, who was treated with one cycle of chemotherapy comprising of Carboplatin and Etoposide, following which he developed tumor lysis syndrome and later underwent exploratory laparotomy.

An HIV patient presents with scaly brown lesions on the palms and soles, mildly painful oral erosions, and a buzzing sound in the right ear for the past 20 days.

We describe an autopsy case of a 45-year-old male diagnosed with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease who presented with complaints of altered sensorium. The autopsy revealed multiple tumor-like masses in the liver, which on histological examination depicted multiple large suppurative granulomas with the presence of variable acid-fast coccobacilli (consistent with Brucella spp.). Interestingly, extensive amyloid deposition in multiple organs was noted. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of chronic brucellosis causing tumor-like abscesses in the liver accompanied by secondary systemic amyloidosis in a patient with underlying autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Objective: The aim of the present work was to prepare solid dispersion of ibuprofen with PEG 6000 to increase the aqueous solubility of the drug and to develop the solid dispersed ibuprofen into tablet formulation with the combination of a hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer to attain controlled release of ibuprofen. Methods: Solid dispersion of ibuprofen was prepared by melting-solvent method by varying the ratio of drug and PEG 6000. The solid dispersed ibuprofen was subjected to tablet formulation by using a hydrophilic swellable polymer-carbopol and hydrophobic non-swellable polymer-ethyl cellulose. The release of the drug from the polymer matrix was studied as the polymer ratio changes. Results: Compatibility between drug and polymers was established from FT-IR study. The saturated solubility was found to increase in the solid dispersed formulation. The swelling index was found within the range of 90±5.43 to 137±6.41. SEM image of swollen tablet confirmed the presence of irregular and porous surface. The cumulative drug release was found to vary within the range of 68.76±3.04 to 95.33±2.34 % after 8 h of dissolution. Conclusion: The combination of solid dispersion and application of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers in matrix formation can facilitate better dissolution and absorption profile with greater patient compliance.

Background: Diabetes being the most common disorders in India, spreading like rapid fire both in developed and developing countries. Salivary ghrelin is one of the risk factors for the causation of type 2 diabetes independently from other risk factors. Few studies show that the circulating ghrelin levels are reduced in patients with type 2 diabetes and have a negative relation with body mass index (BMI). Some studies also show a negative correlation between fasting salivary ghrelin (FSG) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels leading to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Aims and Objectives: This study aims (1) To correlate between FSG and FBG in type 2 diabetics, (2) to correlate FSG and body fat indices in type 2 diabetics, and (3) ;to correlate FSG with the type 2 diabetes duration. Materials and Methods: Fifteen type 2 diabetics (10 males and 5 females) belonging to the age of 35–60 years and having diabetes for 2–12 years with no complications randomly selected for this cross-sectional study. Any history of systemic organ diseases, smokers, alcoholics, cancer, any history of oral cavity disorders, and pregnancy and menstrual periods excluded from the study. The Institutional Ethical Clearance obtained. FBG level by Trinder’s method and FSG by ELISA method done. Pearson correlation test is done. Results: Negative correlation of FSG with FBG (r-value: −0.83, P = 0.001), BMI (r-value: −0.53, P = 0.03), fat % (r-value: −0.55, P = 0.03), and duration of type 2 DM (r-value: −0.54, P = 0.03) is obtained. FSG acts as an independent risk factor. Conclusion: This short pilot study helps in identifying the FSG as a prognostic marker in type 2 diabetics. A further large number of research studies should be taken in this field.

We describe an autopsy case of a 45-year-old male diagnosed with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease who presented with complaints of altered sensorium. The autopsy revealed multiple tumor-like masses in the liver, which on histological examination depicted multiple large suppurative granulomas with the presence of variable acid-fast coccobacilli (consistent with Brucella spp.). Interestingly, extensive amyloid deposition in multiple organs was noted. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of chronic brucellosis causing tumor-like abscesses in the liver accompanied by secondary systemic amyloidosis in a patient with underlying autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.