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Analysis of factors affecting the tasks of demining the area while conducting combat operations in eastern Ukraine, namely the uses of ammunition, lack of accounting documents established mine-explosive obstacles, changing the micro-relief terrain, long of ammunition for their clearance, destruction of buildings mines under the influence of the environment and continuous use of weapons in the areas of demining works.Substantiated proposals for de-mining equipment group with the latest means of finding ammunition and ways to improve methods of cleaning tasks ground by hand and by mechanical systems. The attention to arrangements during demining traffic routes used to move units of various goods in which mainly used visual way to search for explosive devices for the tell-tale signs. In the places where there are hints of mining detectors are used to check the area. It is proposed to apply an additional group that after a certain period of time has re-check the road and give an opinion on the quality of the work. The methods demining, manual (manual demining); mechanical (mechanical sweeping); explosive (mine-explosion); complex (complete clearance, which combines two or more ways). We present ways to improve the design of mine sweeps for explosive ordnance disposal that setting stretch marks at a height of 1.5 m.Author analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods of quality control of cleaning areas: the method of random sampling and identification of areas for mine clearance as an alternative basis - the area cleared of explosive objects or terrain is not free from explosive devices., Проведен анализ факторов, влияющих на выполнение задач по разминированию местности во время ведения боевых действий на востоке Украины, а именно способов применения боеприпасов, отсутствие отчетных документов на установленные минно-взрывные заграждения, изменение микрорельефа местности, длительное время от применения боеприпасов до их разминирования, разрушения корпусов мин под воздействием окружающей среды и непрерывное применение оружия в районах выполнения работ.Рассматриваются способы разминирования, методы контроля качества очистки местности от взрывоопасных предметов. Обосновываются предложения по оснащению групп разминирования и совершенствование методов выполнения задач по очистке местности., Проведено аналіз факторів, які впливають на виконання завдань із розмінування місцевості під час ведення бойових дій на Сході України, а саме: способів застосування боєприпасів, відсутність звітних документів на встановлені мінно-вибухові загородження, зміни мікрорельєфу місцевості, тривалий час від застосування боєприпасів до їх розмінування, руйнування корпусів мін під впливом оточуючого середовища та безперервне застосування зброї у районах виконання робіт.Розглядаються способи розмінування, методи контролю якості очищення місцевості від вибухонебезпечних предметів. Обґрунтовуються пропозиції щодо оснащення груп розмінування та удосконалення методів виконання завдань з очищення місцевості.

It was analysis the stage of development ammunitions against armored objects with an aim to show of use of antitank mines, its lacks and also to define the ways of improvement of effectiveness such as introduction of new samples with use of modern technology in the branch artificial intellect, robotics, new materials . It was proposed new approaches, substitution of its constructions, and principle of work.Determined that the use of anti-personnel mines does not lose its relevance in the fight against armored targets of the enemy, but requires a new conceptual approach to their design and operating principle. This will make it possible to reduce the number of mines that will be applied and, accordingly, time, effort to install them, and increase their combat effectiveness., Проведен анализ развития инженерных боеприпасов для борьбы с бронированными объектами, отражена цель применения противотанковых мин, их недостатки, определенные пути для повышения эффективности через внедрение технологий из отрасли искусственного интеллекта и робототехники, новейших материалов, предложены подходы относительно изменения их конструкции, применения и принципа действия., Проведено аналіз розвитку інженерних боєприпасів для боротьби з броньованими об’єктами, висвітлено мету застосування протитанкових мін, їх недоліки, визначені шляхи підвищення ефективності через застосування передових технологій у галузі штучного інтелекту та робототехніки, новітніх матеріалів, запропоновано підходи щодо зміни їх конструкції, застосування та принципу дії.

We report the detection of the ground-state rotational transition of the methylidyne cation CH+ and its isotopologue (CH+)-C-13 toward the remote massive star-forming regions W33A, W49N, and W51 with the HIFI instrument onboard the Herschel satellite. Both lines are seen only in absorption against the dust continuum emission of the star-forming regions. The CH+ absorption is saturated over almost the entire velocity ranges sampled by the lines-of-sight that include gas associated with the star-forming regions (SFR) and Galactic foreground material. The CH+ column densities are inferred from the optically thin components. A lower limit of the isotopic ratio [(CH+)-C-12]/[(CH+)-C-13]> 35.5 is derived from the absorptions of foreground material toward W49N. The column density ratio, N(CH+)/N(HCO+), is found to vary by at least a factor 10, between 4 and > 40, in the Galactic foreground material. Line-of-sight 12CH+ average abundances relative to total hydrogen are estimated. Their average value, N(CH+)/NH > 2.6 x 10(-8), is higher than that observed in the solar neighborhood and confirms the high abundances of CH+ in the Galactic interstellar medium. We compare this result to the predictions of turbulent dissipation regions (TDR) models and find that these high abundances can be reproduced for the inner Galaxy conditions. It is remarkable that the range of predicted N(CH+)/ N(HCO+) ratios, from 1 to similar to 50, is comparable to that observed.

We present spectrally resolved observations of triatomic carbon (C-3) in several ro-vibrational transitions between the vibrational ground state and the low-energy nu(2) bending mode at frequencies between 1654-1897 GHz along the sight-lines to the submillimeter continuum sources W31C and W49N, using Herschel's HIFI instrument. We detect C-3 in absorption arising from the warm envelope surrounding the hot core, as indicated by the velocity peak position and shape of the line profile. The sensitivity does not allow to detect C-3 absorption due to diffuse foreground clouds. From the column densities of the rotational levels in the vibrational ground state probed by the absorption we derive a rotation temperature (T-rot) of similar to 50-70 K, which is a good measure of the kinetic temperature of the absorbing gas, as radiative transitions within the vibrational ground state are forbidden. It is also in good agreement with the dust temperatures for W31C and W49N. Applying the partition function correction based on the derived T-rot, we get column densities N(C-3) similar to 7-9 x 10(14) cm(-2) and abundance x(C-3) similar to 10(-8) with respect to H-2. For W31C, using a radiative transfer model including far-infrared pumping by the dust continuum and a temperature gradient within the source along the line of sight we find that a model with x(C-3) = 10(-8), T-kin = 30-50 K, N(C-3) = 1.5 x 10(15) cm(-2) fits the observations reasonably well and provides parameters in very good agreement with the simple excitation analysis.

We report the detection of the ground state N, J = 1, 3/2 -> 1, 1/2 doublet of the methylidyne radical CH at similar to 532 GHz and similar to 536 GHz with the Herschel/ HIFI instrument along the sight-line to the massive star-forming regions G10.6-0.4 (W31C), W49N, and W51. While the molecular cores associated with these massive star-forming regions show emission lines, clouds in the diffuse interstellar medium are detected in absorption against the strong submillimeter background. The combination of hyperfine structure with emission and absorption results in complex profiles, with overlap of the different hyperfine components. The opacities of most of the CH absorption features are linearly correlated with those of CCH, CN, and HCO+ in the same velocity intervals. In specific narrow velocity intervals, the opacities of CN and HCO+ deviate from the mean trends, giving rise to more opaque absorption features. We propose that CCH can be used as another tracer of the molecular gas in the absence of better tracers, with [CCH]/[H-2] similar to 3.2 +/- 1.1 x 10(-8). The observed [CN]/[CH], [CCH]/[CH] abundance ratios suggest that the bulk of the diffuse matter along the lines of sight has gas densities nH = n(H) + 2n(H-2) ranging between 100 and 1000 cm(-3).

We present Herschel/HIFI observations of the fundamental rotational transitions of ortho- and para-H16 2 O and H18 2 O in absorption towards Sagittarius B2(M) and W31C. The ortho/para ratio in water in the foreground clouds on the line of sight towards these bright continuum sources is generally consistent with the statistical high-temperature ratio of 3, within the observational uncertainties. However, somewhat unexpectedly, we derive a low ortho/para ratio of 2.35±0.35, corresponding to a spin temperature of ∼27 K, towards Sagittarius B2(M) at velocities of the expanding molecular ring. Water molecules in this region appear to have formed with, or relaxed to, an ortho/para ratio close to the value corresponding to the local temperature of the gas and dust.