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Putri Rhamelani,1 Naifa Zahra Mahdhiya,1 Istiani Yoviana,1 Jessica Jessica,1 Maria Komariah2 1Nursing Professional Study Program, Faculty of Nursing, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; 2Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Putri Rhamelani, Nursing Professional Study Program, Faculty of Nursing, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia, Tel +628882255466, Email putri19016@mail.unpad.ac.idAbstract: Post-orthopedic surgery patients need to undergo a recovery process with immobilization to minimize pain or swelling. Maximum care through early mobilization intervention can accelerate the return of body function and minimize medical complications. This literature review aims to determine early mobilization-based interventions that can be applied to post-orthopedic surgery patients. The method used in reviewing this article is a scoping review of secondary data in online databases including EBSCOhost, PubMed, Sage, and ScienceDirect. There are 8 articles analyzed and the early mobilization interventions found include motion interventions (increasing range of motion), Progressive Muscle Relaxation interventions (reducing pain, increasing muscle strength effects and short-term kinesiophobia), weight bearing interventions (reducing stiffness and pain), positioning interventions (reducing post-operative blood loss and increasing range of motion), and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation interventions (increasing muscle strengthening). These five types of early mobilization can reduce the length of stay in the hospital. Early mobilization based on motion and PMR showed significantly better results because the range of motion recovery time was faster, which was six weeks after surgery. This literature review can provide additional information for nurses as nursing care providers or other health workers regarding the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration in providing early mobilization interventions in post-orthopedic surgery patients. For further research, it is hoped that it can increase the research sample of post-orthopedic surgery patients in determining the effectiveness of various other early mobilization interventions in post-orthopedic surgery patients so that the review article can cover a wider range.Plain Language Summary: This literature review was done to describe various types of effective early mobilization that can be carried out in patients after orthopedic surgery to speed up the functional recovery process. Researchers obtained 8 research articles that conducted research related to early mobilization in patients after orthopedic surgery. Early mobilization that can be carried out effectively includes movement, Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR), weight bearing, positioning, and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES). This early mobilization intervention has been proven to increase the range of motion, restore muscle function, reduce pain, and reduce the length of stay in the hospital. Various other studies indicate that early mobilization based on motion and PMR results in a better range of motion recovery time than other mobilization interventions.Keywords: early ambulation, enhanced recovery after surgery, muscle strength, orthopaedic nursing

Faris Hernando Reviansyah,1,* Azzahra Delvyra Ristin,1,* Adil Abdul Rauf,2 Prisilia Dita Sepirasari,2 Fahmi Nur Alim,2 Yuspian Nur,3 Veni Takarini,4 Muhammad Yusuf,5 Dudi Aripin,6 Sri Susilawati,7 Maria Komariah,8 Boy Yoseph Cahya Sunan Sakti Syah Alam9 1Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; 2Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; 3Laboratory of Research and Development of FARMAKA TROPIS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, 75119, Indonesia; 4Department of Dental Materials and Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia; 5Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; 6Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia; 7Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia; 8Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia; 9Faculty of Geological Engineering, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Jawa Barat, 45363, Indonesia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Faris Hernando Reviansyah, Email faris21001@mail.unpad.ac.idBackground: Biomarkers are essential tools for diagnosing diseases. Saliva, as a human fluid, effectively reflects the body’s condition due to its rich composition. Analyzing saliva components allows for noninvasive, cost-effective, and time-efficient screening and diagnosis. Alpha-amylase, a key biomarker present in saliva, has been linked to oral diseases. This study introduces an innovative method for the noninvasive detection of alpha-amylase using screen-printed electrodes (SPEs), enabling easy and efficient screening and diagnosis.Methods: The proposed method involves measuring varying concentrations of alpha-amylase using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). Saliva samples are applied directly onto electrodes pre-coated with biomarkers and a conditioning agent, allowing for precise detection and analysis.Results: The screen-printed carbon electrode demonstrated excellent performance in detecting alpha-amylase, with clear voltammogram results, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 104.252 units and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 315.915 units.Conclusion: A gold nanoparticle-modified screen-printed electrode (SPE) was developed to measure alpha-amylase quantitatively. Despite sensitivity to external interference, notably temperature, pH, and the duration of incubation, While the sensor showed sensitivity to external factors such as pH and temperature variations, it maintained a strong linear response, reinforcing its potential for reliable diagnostics with linear regression score (R² = 0.9513) across alpha-amylase concentrations of 100– 500 units. This study underscores the sensor’s effectiveness as a non-invasive tool for early detection using saliva as a biomarker, enhancing patient comfort and compliance. However, further research is needed for medical applications.Keywords: Biomarkers, Screen-printed electrodes, Saliva, Alpha-amylase

Indonesia's planned relocation of its capital city from Jakarta to Nusantara in East Kalimantan represents a multifaceted and ambitious undertaking with far-reaching implications. This study conducts a comprehensive review of the socio-economic, environmental, urban planning, and policy considerations associated with this project. Through a thematic analysis of 19 relevant studies published between 2015 and 2023, the research explores the potential benefits and challenges of the relocation. The findings highlight several potential benefits, such as a more equitable distribution of national welfare, economic growth, and environmental improvement driven by the development of a forest city concept. However, the study also raisee concerns about possible negative impacts on the real estate industry in Greater Jakarta, environmental consequences such as deforestation and biodiversity loss, and the need for social and cultural adaptation among both migrating government officials and local communities. The study emphasizes the importance of adopting sustainable development practices, inclusive development strategies, and effective governance frameworks to ensure a successful and sustainable transition to the new capital city. Additionally, it identifies research gaps, particularly regarding the long-term impacts on various sectors and the effectiveness of proposed mitigation strategies. This review serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders involved in the IKN relocation project. It provides critical insights into the potential opportunities and challenges, emphasizing the necessity of careful planning, stakeholder engagement, and transparent implementation to achieve long-term sustainability, social equity, and equitable development.

Faris Hernando Reviansyah,1,* Daffa Rahmad Dwiyana Putra,1,* Juan Alexander Supriatna,1 Veni Takarini,2,3 Maria Komariah4 1Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia; 2Department of Dental Materials and Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia; 3Oral Biomaterials Research Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia; 4Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Faris Hernando Reviansyah, Email faris21001@mail.unpad.ac.idAbstract: Oral cancer is a worldwide health issue with high incidence and mortality, demands an effective treatment to improve patient prognosis. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) emerged as a candidate for oral cancer treatment due to their unique attributes, enabling a synergistic combination with its drug-delivery capabilities and hyperthermia when exposed to magnetic fields. SPIONs can be synthesized using biopolymers from agricultural waste like lignin from paddy, which produce biogenic nano iron oxide with superparamagnetic and antioxidant effects. In addition, lignin also acts as a stabilizing agent in creating SPIONs. This study aimed to explore how agricultural waste could be used to prepare SPIONs using the green synthesis method and to evaluate its potential for oral cancer specifically focusing on its effectiveness, side effects, biocompatibility, and toxicity. A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. PubMed, EBSCO, and Scopus databases were exploited in the selection of articles published within the last decade. This study quality assessment uses OHAT for critical appraisal tools. Only 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings suggest that the use of agricultural waste in the preparation of SPIONs not only holds potency for oral cancer treatment through drug delivery and hyperthermia but also aligns with the concept of green dentistry. SPIONs as a treatment modality for oral cancer have demonstrated notable effectiveness and versatility. This study provides robust evidence supporting green dentistry by using agricultural waste in the preparation and formulation of SPIONs for managing oral cancer. Its multifunctional nature and ability to enhance treatment efficacy while minimizing adverse effects on healthy tissues highlights the potency of SPION-based oral cancer treatments.Keywords: SPIONs, oral cancer, treatment, biosynthesis, green dentistry

Termites are considered by the general public as pests, but their presence can be a bioindicator of environmental quality. This is because termites have a functional role as Soil Ecosystem Engginers. Alas Bromo University Forest has various stands that can influence the presence of soil macrofauna, one of which is termites. The aim of the research was to examine the functional role of termites in improving soil fertility, which was conducted in six different Alas Bromo stand areas (Pinus 1973, Pinus 2016, Pinus 1994, Pinus 2001, Mahogany 1973, and Mahogany 1949). The method used in this study is the installation of stakes as bait to determine the presence of termites in a plot measuring 20m x 20m and the distance between stakes is 4 meters. There are 5 damage classes (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4) that reflect the presence of termites. The higher the damage class, the higher the activity and presence of termites. The observation parameters taken include, Average Damage Class of stakes in each observation, Soil C-organic, and soil N-Total. The results showed that the highest termite activity was found in Pinus 1973 and Mahogany 1973 stands, while the lowest termite activity was found in Pinus 1994 and Pinus 2016 stands. This can be caused by more suitable environmental conditions and denser crowns. The results also showed that there were differences in C-organic and N-total values in each damage class. The highest C-organic and N-total values were produced in damage class 4 (1.58% and 1.53%). In contrast, C-organic values were lower in the other classes: damage class 1 (1.12%), damage class 0 (1.15%), damage class 2 (1.20%), and damage class 3 (1.25%). Similarly, N-total values were lowest in damage class 1 (0.95%), damage class 2 (1.01%), damage class 0 (1.03%), and damage class 3 (1.13%). This research shows that the presence and activity of termites have a positive correlation with soil fertility, this can be seen from the increase in soil C-organic and N-total at higher damage classes.

Indonesia has high biodiversity and is well-known for its medicinal plant diversity, which is both singular and globally affluent. Due to their secondary metabolite efficacy for various ailments; medicinal plants are commercially and highly useful to human. Secondary metabolites assure the plant from abiotic and biotic stressors and aid pollination and fruit distribution. However, the changing climate, deforestation, population growth, overharvesting and the unsustainable manner of medicinal plant collection for trade, may drive many populations extinct. The study aimed to review some climate change effects on Indonesian medicinal plants as potential medicine sources for discovery and human being development. By reviewing with emphasis how each of the individual factors affects the growth, development and plant secondary metabolites production. This review illustrates a common figure of environmental factors such as temperature, drought, and CO2 that affect Indonesia’s medicinal plants. It is evident that climate change is having a detrimental influence on existing resources’ life cycles, medicinal plant quality and production, habitat fragmentation, shifting distribution ranges, phenology pattern changes, etc. Compared to other commercial crops, medicinal plant research on climate change is infrequent and limited. The study suggests some different adaptive techniques be used to mitigate climatic challenges and preserve medicinal plants.

Climate change has a significant impact on crop failure and agricultural production. To overcome this issue, fertilization strategy is needed to increase plant growth. Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO4) role in photosynthesis, enzyme activation, and synergism with other nutrients plays big part in increasing plant growth and harvest. Complementing NPK fertilizing with MgSO4 can be a solution to fulfill nutrient needs with lower input and higher effectivity. This study aims to find best formula of MgSO4 complementing NPK fertilizer in improving shallot growth. Experimental method was conducted using Randomized Complete Group Design (RCBD) with 9 treatments and 3 replications, namely: control, standard NPK (Urea 250 kg ha-1, SP-20 130 kg ha-1, and KCL 60 kg ha-1), MgSO4 (300 kg ha-1), and six combinations of MgSO4 with NPK. The results showed that application of MgSO4 combined with NPK fertilizer significantly increases the growth of shallots. The addition of 300 kg ha-1 of MgSO4 with 3/4 doses of NPK fertilizer effectively increased shallot growth as indicated by the highest plant height, number of leaves, and number of tillers.

Climate change-induced heat stress poses a significant threat to global soybean production. This study investigated the impact of heat stress on growth and physiological parameters of 18 Indonesian soybean varieties at the seedling stage. Treatments involved exposing two-week-old seedlings to temperatures 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45°C for four hours daily over four consecutive days. The parameters assessed were survival rate, root length, shoot length, total plant weight, and relative water content. Results revealed significant variability in heat stress tolerance among varieties. While all varieties showed optimal growth at 25°C, increasing temperatures from 25 to 30°C led to an increase in growth. A critical threshold was observed between 35 and 40°C, where most varieties experienced a sharp performance decline. Notably, varieties Demas 1, Gepak Kuning, and Agromulyo consistently outperformed others even at 45°C where all other couldn’t survive, maintaining higher survival rates and better growth parameters even under severe stress conditions. This study provides valuable insights into soybean heat stress tolerance mechanisms and identifies promising genetic resources for breeding heat-resilient cultivars in Indonesia. Our findings contribute to the development of strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change on soybean production, crucial for ensuring global food security in the face of rising temperatures.

During phagocytosis, phagocyte cells discharge reactive oxygen species referred to as respiratory bursts, inducing a rise in pro‐oxidants and subjecting the cell to oxidative stress. Such stress is a biological mechanism related to an imbalance in pro‐oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis, which generates toxic reactive oxygen. Encapsulation is a coating process to improve the stability of bioactive compounds from lemongrass extract. Therefore, this study aims to determine the encapsulation activity of lemongrass leaf extract with chitosan X. gideon (LEChXg) to reduce the oxidative stress of fibroblasts. The research used the human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cell line, comprising negative and positive controls and use of LEChXg 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 µg/mL. HDF cell migration was evaluated by employing the scratch wound healing method and the wound closure was oberseved at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h intervals. The cell proliferation was observed at 24, 48, and 72 h using CCK‐8 at a 450 nm wavelength. The results showed that the observations at 0, 2, and 4 h did not demonstrate any significant difference on the cell migration (p > 0.05) among the groups. However, the wound closure at 4 and 6 h showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) with LEChXg 300 µg/mL. Despite the lack of any significant variation observed up to 24 h, fibroblast subjected to the stressor did not achieve complete closure. The groups treated with LEChXg were more stable in maintaining fibroblast proliferation up to the end of the observation than those with stressors at 24, 48, and 72 h. Fibroblast induced with a stressor was also more stable in maintaining migration and proliferation in groups receiving LEChXg 300 µg/mL.

One of the organic farming goals is improving soil properties to support sustainable rice production. This study investigated the soil properties and rice yields under temporal variation of organic rice fields. Soil sampling was conducted in organic rice fields with three temporal variations, namely 0, 4, 7, and 10 years in a tropical monsoon region in Central Java, Indonesia. Variables observed included soil organic carbon, soil carbon stock, soil microbes population, dissolved organic carbon, soil liquid limit, soil sticky limit, soil plasticity limit, soil color changing limit, soil friability, soil porosity, soil total nitrogen, soil total phosphorus, soil available sulfur, exchangeable calcium, cation exchange capacity, total potassium, bulk density, base saturation, exchangeable sodium, exchangeable potassium, and rice yield. This study confirms that soil organic carbon increased by 51.63% within 10 years (from 1.84% to 2.79%). Organic farming also improved all the physical, chemical, and biological soil properties, by the increase of soil organic carbon. However, soil organic carbon is mostly determined by soil cation exchange capacity, soil total phosphorus, and soil porosity. The mechanism of rice yield increase in organic rice farming is not affected by soil organic carbon directly but through the synergic increase in soil total nitrogen. The 1% increase of soil organic carbon increases 0.065% of soil total nitrogen hence rice yield increases by 1.66 tons ha-1. This study supports sustainable agriculture by providing evidence of improved soil properties under organic farming.

Maria Komariah,1,&ast; Shakira Amirah,2,&ast; Muhammad Fahd Abdurrahman,2 Mohammad Farrel Shaquille Handimulya,2 Hesti Platini,3 Sidik Maulana,4 Annisa Dewi Nugrahani,5 Aep Maulid Mulyana,4 Shurouq Ghalib Qadous,6 Henny Suzana Mediani,7 Arpit Mago8 1Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, 45363, Indonesia; 2Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, 16424 Indonesia; 3Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, 45363, Indonesia; 4Master of Nursing Program, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia; 5Maternal Fetal Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, 40161, Indonesia; 6Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine; 7Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, 45363, Indonesia; 8Department of Clinical Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Maria Komariah, Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, 45363, Indonesia, Email maria.komariah@unpad.ac.idBackground: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disorder in childhood. CP limits movement, which can interfere with children’s daily activities. As a technology that provides intensive mass practice to children, virtual reality (VR) can create an interactive and motivating environment. With the intensity set by the therapist and feedback that can be used to produce individualized therapy, VR has great potential to improve CP patients’ quality of life, especially in a safe, enjoyable, and playful environment.Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to determine the effectiveness of VR for children with CP.Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search based on the PRISMA guidelines through PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Wiley, and ProQuest to assess the efficacy of VR in managing children with CP up to 15 September 2022. Risk assessment of bias was performed using Cochrane RoB 2.Results: Nineteen randomized controlled trials with 467 and 427 patients with CP were included in the intervention and control groups in qualitative and quantitative analyses. Participants consisted of cerebral palsy with hemiplegia (n=7), diplegia (n=2), a combination of both (n=4), and undefined (n=13). From all studies conducted, VR showed significant results where VR could improve balance (MD: 2.71[1.95, 3.48]; p < 0.00001), motor function (MD: 3.73 [1.67, 5.79]; p = 0.0004), and activity daily living (MD: 10.05 [2.89, 17.22]. However, VR showed not effective in improving upper limb function.Conclusion: With its advantages and excellent effectiveness, VR may improve functional mobility and the quality of life of children with CP.Keywords: balance, cerebral palsy, children, motor function, virtual reality

Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mentransfer IPTEK berupa budidaya cacing tanah dengan berbagai media dibawah tegakan tanaman tahunan di Dusun Gemblung, Desa Wonosari, Kecamatan Gondangrejo, Kabupaten Karanganyar. Pembudidayaan cacing tanah pada lahan agroforestry dapat menjadi solusi untuk memperbaiki kondisi biofisik tanah dalam jangka waktu dekat maupun panjang. Selain itu, hasil dari budidaya cacing tanah dapat di jual sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendapatan petani. Kelompok tani Makmur 1 dan 2 beranggotakan petani kecil, dimana kegiatan bertani adalah hanya merupakan kerja sambilan dan bukan penghasilan utama. Sehingga rata-rata jumlah lahan yang dimiliki kurang dari 1 ha. Dengan kepemilikan yang kecil ini, mereka menjalankan sistem pertanian secara konvensional dengan sangat sederhana. Lahan-lahan yang bisa digunakan secara produktif masih banyak yang belum difungsikan. Permasalahan lain kondisi tanah vertisol yang memiliki tekstur liat sehingga perkembang biakan cacing tanah pada tajuk tanaman merupakan salah satu solusi untuk meningkatkan aerasi dan porositas tanah. Dengan kebutuhan cacing tanah sebagai pupuk vermikompos yang sangat tinggi dalam skala nasional, hal ini merupakan salah satu peluang untuk mengembangkan budidaya cacing tanah di bawah tegakan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan hidupnya. Makanan utama cacing tanah yang merupakan bahan organik, maka seresah tanaman yang mengandung cukup banyak N merupakan tempat yang sesuai. Berdasarkan pada kemampuan tersebut, cacing tanah juga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengatasi permasalahan limbah organik seperti kotoran sapi, limbah dapur, limbah penggilingan gula. Maka kami tim pengabdian memberikan solusi berupa pelatihan cara memanfaatkan tegakan pohon dan limbah organik untuk membudidayakan cacing tanah.

This study examines the issue of distribution network design in the supply chain system. There are many production factories and distribution warehouses in this issue. The most efficient strategy for distributing the product from the factory to the warehouse and from the warehouse to the customer is determined by solving this model. This model combines location problems with and without capacity limits to study a particular location problem. In this system, the cost of production and maintenance of the product in the factory and warehouse is a function of its output. This increases capacity without additional costs, and ultimately does not lose customers. This algorithm is a population-based, innovative method that systematically combines answers to obtain the most accurate answer considering quality and diversity. A two-phase recursive algorithm based on a scattered object has been developed to solve this model. Numerical results show the efficiency and effectiveness of this two-phase algorithm for problems of different sizes.

Abstrak: Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah media pembelajaran berbasis digital masih kurang bervariasi dalam pembelajaran IPS materi kegiatan ekonomi di kelas IV sekolah dasar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengembangan multimedia berbasis Google Sites, mengetahui kelayakan media, untuk mengetahui pemahaman konsep siswa terhadap materi setelah menggunakan media yang dikembangkan, dan untuk mengetahui respon guru dan siswa terhadap produk yang digunakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Design & Development dengan menggunakan pengembangan ADDIE. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dengan menggunakan angket dan tes. Partisipan dari penelitian ini diantaranya adalah ahli terkait untuk memberikan penilaian terhadap media. Penelitian ini menghasilkan produk Multimedia Google Sites pada materi kegiatan ekonomi kelas IV sekolah dasar. Berdasarkan validasi dari para ahli, menunjukkan bahwa multimedia berbasis Google Sites mendapatkan skor 100% dengan interpretasi “Sangat Layak”. Pemahaman konsep siswa terhadap materi kegiatan ekonomi pada saat menggunakan multimedia berbasis Google Sites mendapatkan nilai rata-rata 82 dengan interpretasi “Sangat Baik”. Selain itu respon guru terhadap multimedia Google Sites memperoleh nilai dengan interpretasi “Sangat Layak” atau memperoleh skor 100% sedangkan respon siswa mendapatkan skor 81,1% dengan interpretasi “Sangat Layak”. Dengan demikian, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa multimedia Google Sites sangat layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran IPS materi kegiatan ekonomi kelas IV sekolah dasar. Abstract: The background of this research is that digital-based learning media is still less varied in social studies learning material for economic activities in grade IV elementary schools. The purpose of this study is to determine the development of Google Sites-based multimedia, to find out the feasibility of media, to find out the understanding of student concessions to the material after using the developed media, and to find out the response of teachers and students to the products used. This research uses the Design & Development method using ADDIE development. Data collection in this study using questionnaires and tests. Participants of this study include related experts to provide an assessment of the media. This research resulted in Google Sites Multimedia products on grade IV elementary school economic activity material. Based on validation from experts, it shows that Google Sites-based multimedia gets a score of 100% with a "Very Decent" interpretation. Students' conceptual understanding of economic activity material when using Google Sites-based multimedia received an average score of 82 with an interpretation of "Very Good". In addition, teacher responses to Google Sites multimedia received a score with an interpretation of "Very Decent" or obtained a score of 100%, while student responses received a score of 81.1% with an interpretation of "Very Decent". Thus, it can be concluded that Google Sites multimedia is very feasible to be used in social studies learning material for grade IV economic activities in elementary schools.

This study investigates the management system of an environment-based curriculum in senior high schools, specifically in Bandung City, encompassing elements of curriculum planning, implementation, and evaluation. Conducted as qualitative research, this investigation draws its primary data from the vice principal in charge of curriculum development. The data collection techniques employed include interviews and documentation, with the primary research instruments being observation guidelines, interview guidelines, and document analysis. The study was conducted at three schools: SHS 3, SHS 12, and SHS 20 Bandung, with teachers and vice principals serving as informants. The findings indicate that 1) curriculum planning involves all school members participating in the developmental process, 2) curriculum implementation refers to a pre-established learning plan (RPP) and Teaching Modules, with the theme of environmental appreciation conveyed organically, and 3) evaluation outcomes guide school decision-making processes, with subsequent actions being determined to enhance and foster participatory, effective, and efficient learning activities. This research holds implications for improving environment-based curriculum management in senior high schools, offering valuable insights for stakeholders striving to enrich learning outcomes and foster environmental consciousness among students.

Perilaku agresif verbal mengacu pada tindakan yang dimaksudkan untuk menyakiti, mengintimidasi, atau mengucapkan kemarahan kepada orang lain dengan menggunakan kata-kata yang diucapkan, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Hal ini dapat mencakup penggunaan kata-kata kotor, menyebarkan informasi palsu dan merusak, atau menyebabkan tekanan emosional pada seseorang. Jika perilaku kekerasan verbal tingkat tinggi tidak segera diatasi, hal ini berpotensi memicu perilaku permusuhan non-verbal, seperti perkelahian fisik, tawuran, atau pemukulan. Terdapat prevalensi agresi verbal yang signifikan di dalam kelas. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, kita perlu menggunakan strategi untuk menurunkan tingkat agresi verbal. Sesi konseling kelompok yang mencakup keterampilan Anger Management mungkin merupakan titik awal yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh konseling kelompok dengan teknik anger management dalam menurunkan perilaku agresif verbal. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian eksperimen kuantitatif berupa eksperimen semu dengan design eksperimen yaitu prettest-posttest non equivalent Control Group Design. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu melalui angket perilaku agresif yang mengacu pada aspek perilaku agresif yang dikemukakan oleh Buss. Adapun jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu 16 peserta didik yang dibagi dalam dua kelompok yaitu kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Kemudian pada teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis uji prasyarat berupa uji statistik deskriptif sebagai uji pertama yang dilakukan untuk melihat rata-rata, kemudian normalitas, homogenitas dan uji hipotesis berupa uji independent sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan penerapan Konseling kelompok dengan teknik anger mangement dalam menurunkan perilaku agresif peserta didik di SMA Negeri 1 Toboali yang ditunjukkan hasil analisis statistik deskriptif Nilai sig (2-tailed) yang kurang dari 0,005 (0,000 0,005) ditemukan pada hasil pengujian hipotesis yang dihasilkan dari Independent Sample T-Test pada program SPSS 26. Selain itu, jelas bahwa kelompok eksperimen memiliki skor rata-rata yang lebih tinggi (76,3) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (36,6).

Laili Rahayuwati,1 Maria Komariah,2 Citra Windani Mambang Sari,1 Desy Indra Yani,1 Yanti Hermayanti,3 Arlette Setiawan,4 Hediati Hastuti,5 Sidik Maulana,5 Kelvin Kohar6 1Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; 2Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; 3Department of Maternity Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; 4Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; 5Internship Nursing Program, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; 6Clinical Clerkship Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Laili Rahayuwati, Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM. 21, Hegarmanah, Jatinangor, Kabupaten, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia, Tel +62 08122138385, Fax +62 022 7795596, Email laili.rahayuwati@unpad.ac.idIntroduction: It is widely acknowledged that the socioeconomic circumstances of a family income are correctly reflected in that family expenditures. The dietary habits of families are influenced by socioeconomic circumstances that may affect stunting. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the household economic predictor stunting (mother’s employment, family income, and family expenditure) in children under five.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. Six districts and cities have been chosen as study areas based on the areas with the highest incidence of stunting in West Java, Indonesia. This study conducted specifically from October to December 2018. Data were examined using descriptive statistics (frequency distribution) and a Spearman Rank bivariate test. A logistic regression was employed to determine the elements that serve as predictors of stunting.Results: A total of 731 women with children under five participated in the study. A bivariate analysis showed that mother’s employment had an association with stunting among children under five (p = 0.014). Meanwhile, family income and expenditure are not statistically significant associated with stunting (p > 0.05). A multivariate analysis showed that mother’s employment was a stunting predictor with odd ratio (OR) 1.810 (p = 0.017). The OR value means that mothers who do not work have a 1.810 chance for their children to experience stunting compared with mothers who have work. However, family income and expenditure have negative projected values (p = 0.580 and p = 0.398, respectively).Conclusion: Children under five who are stunted are potentially predictive with mothers’ employment, with a chance is higher in mother who do not work. However, family income and expenditure are not predictive of stunting.Keywords: family economic, family expenditure, mother’s employment, stunting, socioeconomic

Maria Komariah,1,&ast; Shakira Amirah,2,&ast; Sidik Maulana,3 Muhammad Fahd Abdurrahman,2 Kusman Ibrahim,4 Hesti Platini,4 Juan Alessandro Jeremis Maruli Nura Lele,5 Kelvin Kohar,6 Laili Rahayuwati,7 Mohd Khairul Zul Hasymi Firdaus8 1Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia; 2Undergraduate Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia; 3Nursing Internship Program, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia; 4Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia; 5Undergraduate Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; 6Clinical Clerkship Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Central Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; 7Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia; 8Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Maria Komariah, Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM. 21, Hegarmanah, Jatinangor, Kabupaten, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia, Tel + 6281294686288, Email maria.komariah@unpad.ac.id Shakira Amirah, Email shakira.amirah@ui.ac.idBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic continues, and this condition has caused many cases in various countries around the world, resulting in more than 6 million deaths worldwide. Herbal medicines can act as immunomodulators, anti-inflammatories, antioxidants, antimicrobials, and others depending on the type and content of the herbs used. Previous studies have shown that several types of herbs, such as Echinacea purpurea, Curcumin or Turmeric, Nigella sativa, and Zingiber officinale, have proven their effectiveness as herbal plants for COVID-19.Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search through five databases, namely, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Wiley, and ProQuest to assess the efficacy of phytopharmaceuticals until July 12, 2022. We used the Cochrane RoB 2.0 for the quality assessment of the study.Results: Phytopharmaceuticals significantly improved patients’ recovery rate (OR = 3.54; p < 0.00001) and reduced deaths (OR = 0.24; p < 0.0001) compared to the control group. Phytopharmaceuticals also performed as a protective factor for COVID-19 clinical symptoms, such as dyspnea (OR = 0.42; p < 0.05) and myalgia (OR = 0.31; p = 0.02) compared to the control group. However, there is no statistically significant effect on cough (OR = 0.76; p = 0.61) and fever (OR = 0.60; p < 0.20). The results were not affected by patients’ covariates [hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases (meta-regression p > 0.05)].Conclusion: Herbal medicine has the potential as an adjuvant therapy in the management of COVID-19.Keywords: adjuvant therapy, COVID-19, herbal medicine, systematic review

Since rainfed rice fields typically lack nutrients, frequently experience drought, and require more fund to support farming operations, the production results become erratic and unpredictable. This research aims to construct location-specific rice yield predictions in the rainfed rice fields among the Sumbing-Sindoro Toposequence, Central Java, using a Bayesian method. This study is a survey with an exploratory descriptive methodology based on data from both field and laboratory research. Prediction model analysis using the Bayesian Neural Network (BNN) method on 12 geographical units, sampling spots were selected with intention. The following variables were measured: soil (pH level, Organic-C, Total-N, Available-P, Available-K, soil types, elevation, slope) and climate (rainfall, evapotranspiration). According to the statistical analysis used, the BNN model’s performance has the highest accuracy, with an RMSE value of 0.448 t/ha, which compares to the MLR and SR models, indicating the lowest error deviation. To obtain the ideal parameter sampling design, parameter distribution is directly and simultaneously optimised using an optimisation technique based on Pareto optimality. The top 7 data sets (slope, available-P, evapotranspiration, soil type, rainfall, organic-C, and pH) yielded the highest accuracy based on the test results for the three-parameter groups. The coefficient of determination has the highest value, 0.855, while the RMSE test for the model using the top 7 data set has the lowest error value at 0.354 t/ha and 18.71%, respectively. By developing location-specific rice yield predictions using a Bayesian method, farmers and agricultural practitioners can benefit from more accurate and reliable estimates of crop productivity

ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Kanker rongga mulut menempati urutan ke-12 dari kasus kanker di dunia. Terapi konvensional memiliki efek samping, sehingga banyak penelitian beralih menggunakan terapi bahan alam seperti sintesis partikel silver dengan daun serai dapur (Cymbopogon citratus DC) sebagai agen antikanker. Sintesis partikel silver ekstrak daun serai dapur dilakukan untuk mereduksi ion logam serta pembentukan partikel logam sehingga meningkatkan aktivitas antikanker, melalui peningkatan produksi reactive oxygen species (ROS) yang menyebabkan depolarisasi membran mitokondria potensial (MMP), sehingga terjadi disfungsi mitokondria sebagai jalur awal terjadinya apoptosis pada galur sel kanker rongga mulut HSC-3. Tujuan Penelitian menganalisis pengaruh pemberian partikel silver ekstrak etanol daun serai dapur terhadap MMP sel HSC-3. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan secara mikroskopis dengan pewarnaan fluorescence untuk melihat MMP menggunakan tetraethylbenzimidazolyl-carbocyanine iodide (JC-1) dan 4′,6-diamidino-2phenylindole (DAPI) sebagai couterstain inti sel. Kelompok penelitian terdiri dari kelompok kontrol, kelompok pembanding dan kelompok yang diberikan perlakuan. Hasil pengamatan memperlihatkan sel dalam kondisi baik akan membentuk agregat J yang terflouresensi merah tertinggi, sedangkan sel yang mengalami apoptosis agregat J akan terflouresensi rendah. Hasil: Kelompok kontrol negatif memperlihatkan pembentukan agregat J dengan intensitas flouresensi merah tertinggi, sedangkan kelompok perlakuan partikel silver ekstrak daun serai dapur 100% memperlihatkan intensitas flouresensi merah terendah (p=0,001) dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi 75, 50, 25, dan 12,5% dan juga kelompok pembanding yang hanya diberikan partikel silver dan ekstrak daun serai dapur. Simpulan: Partikel silver ekstrak etanol daun serai dapur 100% efektif dalam menyebabkan depolarisasi MMP pada HSC-3 dengan intensitas floresensi merah yang lebih rendah. Kata Kunci : ekstrak daun serai, HSC-3, membran mitokondria potensial, partikel silver Effect of silver particles from lemongrass leaves extract (Cymbopogon citratus DC) on Oral Cell Line HSC-3 ABSTRACT Introduction: Oral cavity cancer ranks 12th of the worldwide cancer cases. Conventional therapy has side effects, so that many studies have switched focus to the use of natural therapies such as synthesis of silver particles from lemongrass leaves (Cymbopogon citratus DC) as an anticancer agent. Synthesis of silver particles of C. citratus leaf extract carried out to reduce metal ions and form metal nanoparticles, thereby increasing anticancer activity by increasing ROS production, which causes depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction as an initial pathway of apoptosis in cancer cell lines. HSC-3. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of giving silver nanoparticles from citronella leaves’ ethanol extract on the MMP of HSC-3 cells. Methods: The study was conducted microscopically by fluorescence staining to see MMP using tetraethylbenzimidazolyl-carbocyanine iodide (JC-1) and 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) as cell nucleus counterstains. The research group consisted of a control group, a comparison group, and a treatment group. The results showed that cells in good condition would form J-aggregates with the highest red fluorescence, while cells that underwent J-aggregate apoptosis would have the lowest fluorescence. Results: Negative control group showed the formation of J-aggregates with the highest red fluorescence intensity, while the 100% C. citratus leaf ethanol extract silver particle treatment group showed the lowest red fluorescence intensity (p=0.001) compared to the comparison groups that was only given C. citratus leaf ethanol extract silver particle with concentrations of 75,50, 25, and 12.5%. Conclusion: 100% silver particle ethanol C. citatus leaf extract is effective in causing MMP depolarization of HSC-3 cells with lower red fluorescence intensity. Keywords: lemongrass leaves extract, HSC-3, mitochondrial membrane potential, silver particles

The higher national rice demand encourages various efforts to increase rice production. This increase in rice production occurs in line with increasing public awareness of healthy foods, especially organic rice. Rice field management with an organic system is expected to provide a higher yield and quality of rice. This study aims to determine the effect of the long-time application of an organic rice management system on rice yield and quality. Descriptive exploratory research is supported by laboratory analysis of samples of organic rice plants with three periods (10 years, 7 years, and 4 years), semi-organic and conventional. The parameters observed were dry harvested grain, dry milled grain, the weight of 1000 grains, unfilled grain, protein content, amylum, amylopectin, and reducing sugar. The most prolonged organic rice field management with the application of 10 years gives better results with a protein content of 6.14%, amylum 71.71%, and amylopectin 49.35%. While the application of organic farming for 7 years gives the highest rice yield, the difference is not confirmed with the application of organic 10 years, with the weight of dry grain harvest 10.44 Mg ha-1, dry milled grain 8.15 10.44 Mg ha-1, the weight of 1000 grains 24 g, and unfilled grain 3.8%.

Background: Clinacanthus nutans or dandang gendis is a plant that can be an effective herbal treatment for inflammation, in addition the Indonesian people are still looking for alternative treatments. Research shows that the antiinflammatory properties of C. nutans leaves are effective in reducing inflammation against fibroblasts. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the inflammatory mediators, that are released by fibroblast when inflamed. Objective: To observe the effect of C. nutans leaf chloroform extract on reducing NO in inflamed fibroblasts. Methods: Fibroblasts stimulated with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide were treated with chloroform extracts of C. nutans leaves at concentrations of 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL for 24 h, then a NO inhibition test was performed. Result: The C. nutans leaf extract at a concentration of 200 μg/mL resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) lower NO production than the negative control. Conclusion: C. nutans leaf chloroform extract has the effect of reducing NO in fibroblasts. This extract has the potential as an antiinflammatory agent.

The study area, Eromoko, has agricultural land covering 79.76% of the area, which experiences drought every year, causing a decrease in crop yields. Information on agricultural land dryness is needed to reduce the impact of dryness conditions on the agricultural sector. The effect of drought can be minimized using the transformation of the Normalized Difference Drought Index (NDDI) algorithm on Landsat 8 Imagery because it is considered capable of being used for land drought analysis that is accurate and efficient in time and cost. This study created a model for estimating soil moisture with actual soil moisture as the dependent variable and NDDI as the independent variable in several agricultural land uses in Eromoko. The results showed that the estimation model could estimate soil moisture with accuracy in plantations at 85.31%, irrigated paddy fields at 75.99%, rainfed paddy fields at 76.62%, and moors at 88.48%. The dryness category in the study area is 3,314.82 ha (35% of the total area). The variability of land use greatly affects the drying conditions. Dryness conditions can be reduced by controlling the dryness factors. Mitigation efforts to maintain soil moisture include irrigation planning based on the estimation model, applying bio-mulch and organic mulch, organic fertilization, and meeting water requirements in the harvesting period.

A notary is a public official who has the authority to make an authentic deed, which is specifically licensed by the government to sign a document. As a notary, it is necessary to adhere to the guidelines, authority, and code of ethics when carrying out their duties, so that there is no violation of the code of ethics in carrying out their profession. The problems raised in this study are to find out how the process of revocation of a position in a notary is in the right way in accordance with the regulations of Law Number 30 of 2004, the position of a notary, and to find out and examine how to resolve the Administrative Court Decision Number: 235/G/2019/ PTUN.KT. The research method used in this research is normative juridical, namely research with literature studies using primary legal data and secondary legal materials. Based on the results of the study that in carrying out their duties, Notaries must obey and obey the professional code of ethics and be used as guidelines in carrying out their duties, namely the Law on Notary Positions No. 2 of 2014 concerning amendments to Law No. 30 of 2004 concerning Notary Positions. If a notary commits a violation of the code of ethics that is a serious violation, it can be proposed to give sanctions by being dismissed from his position in a dishonorable manner by the Minister at the suggestion of the Central Supervisory Council. Regarding the issuance of a ministerial decree, it is also necessary to apply the General Principles of Good Governance so that there is no cancellation of a disputed object decision because it does not issue the precautionary principle and the need to act according to the principle of accuracy in making a decision. So if there is an annulment of a decision made by the Minister of Law and Human Rights on a State Administrative Decision, it is necessary to have the responsibility to restore and restore the dignity of the Notary whose position is revoked.

Currently, there are many types of investment and trading in Indonesia, one of which is the Binomo application. The public does not know whether the Binomo application is included in the legal or illegal investment category, and the public does not know what happens if a loss occurs. The problems raised by the author are to determine investments based on the perspective of civil law and determine the factors that cause people to be interested in illegal investment applications. The research method uses normative juridical, using library research, among others, researching favorable legal provisions and legal principles, books, or other documents related to the research being researched. Based on the research results, the Binomo application is part of the platform that provides securities transaction services and financial assets that do not have permission from the OJK and Bappeti, and binary options such as Bonomo are gambling. Some factors that make people tempted by this are low literacy, economic difficulties, and the number of people trapped by testimonials from people who have joined first. The public needs awareness regarding literacy that discusses investments from the government, Bappeti, and OJK, which are legal in Indonesia. Clear regulations are needed regarding applications from the Play Store, which should explain the details of the application, both from regulations and the system run by the application.

Nowadays, some manufacturing organizations may well face production restrictions. For example, in case the number of products goes up, the company might not be capable of producing all products. As a consequence, the company may face backlogging. In the meanwhile, in case the demand for products rises, the given company may experience a restricted capacity to react to that kind of demand properly; thus, it will suffer backlogging. Over the course of this study, that kind of company facing the mentioned circumstances is considered. To meet those exceeded demands, companies would be forced to purchase some products from outside. Thus, the study’s primary aim is to define and calculate the optimum make and buy a number of products so that overall inventory cost is reduced and optimized. To do so, a model is proposed referred to as the make-with-buy model. This model is designed and solved by exact solution software in the based branch and bound method. The results of the study confirm the feasibility and efficiency of this method and demonstrate that this model can be applied to lessen the overall inventory costs, including maintenance, order, setup, and purchasing costs, and also the total costs of products.

Water conservation is needed to overcome the shortage of irrigation water through harvesting rainwater on rainfed land using small farm reservoir. Intensive agricultural activities cause a reduction in land resources which disrupts hydrological functions (water quantity and quality). This study aims to determine the selected parameters for small farm reservoir water quality and identify water quality based on irrigation water standards according to FAO (1994) and PP No. 82 of 2001. The research was conducted from March to December 2014 in Karanganyar Regency, Central Java Province. This study used a descriptive exploratory survey method with purposive sampling. Water quality data was analyzed using Principal Components Analysis (Multivariate Test) MINITAB 16 to determine the main components as the selected determinants. Furthermore, based on the results of the PCA analysis, 5 variables were obtained whose eigenvalue proportions met the main criteria, including DHL of 0.467; SAR of 0.542; pH of 0.538; Actual Savings Ratio (ASR) of 0.662; and water-air temperature deviation of 0.612. Furthermore, a match is made between the selected determinant measurement data and the water quality standard. The results of matching to the selected determinants for water quality in the reservoir have met the water quality standards for irrigation based on FAO (1994) and Government Regulation no. 82 (2001). The soil characteristics of the catchment area also affect water quality because in rainwater harvesting, surface runoff in the catchment area will flow and be accommodated by the small farm reservoir. Keywords: water quality, small farm reservoir, PCA, water conservation, rainfall harvesting

The water supply in dry land depends on the rainfall, which causes agricultural constraints and limited water supply. The pottery irrigation method is considered capable of overcoming water shortages during the dry season. Pottery irrigation uses porous clay, so the water slowly comes out of the pottery and wet the surrounding soil. The research aimed to study the influence of pottery subsurface irrigation with and without mulching on watermelon growth and soil properties of clayey soil Alfisol and sandy soil entisol. The research was conducted on July 2019 in the experimental field Faculty of Agriculture, Karanganyar Regency. The experimental research design used a nested design with a 3-factor treatment that were soil type (T), fertilization method (P), and use of mulch (M). The types of soil were Alfisol (T1) and Entisol (T2). The fertilization methods were fertigation 100% (P1), fertigation 50% (P2), and banding fertilization 100% (P3). Mulch application included control, without mulch (M0) and mulch (M1). The combination of P1M1 treatment on alfisol and entisol soil showed the highest soil moisture with values of 23.1% and 22.5%, respectively. The highest fruit weight of melon in alfisol and entisol soils were indicated by the same treatment (P1M1) with values of 580.33 g and 616.5 g, respectively.

Indonesia is the world’s third largest rice producer, with most rice being cultivated (estimated 3.1 million ha) in Central Java. However, one of the environmental challenges in producing rice is greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rice fields. Therefore, understanding the GHG emissions (methane and nitrous oxide) from the rice farming system is important for better management practices. The objective of this study is to estimate the GHG emissions supported by a satellite database, namely, the DeNitrification DeComposition (DNDC) model, at three regencies at Central Java, Indonesia, Cilacap, Karanganyar, and Pati, as well as the factors determining the emissions. The DNDC model was obtained from https://www.dndc.sr.unh.edu, which consists of three main submodels that worked together in simulating N2O and N2 emissions: (1) the soil-climate/thermal-hydraulic flux submodel, (2) the decomposition submodel, and (3) the denitrification submodel. The results showed that the N2O emissions from rice farming in Karanganyar, Cilacap, and Pati were 19.0, 18.8, and 12.8 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively, while they were 213.7, 270.6, and 360.6 kg C ha−1 yr−1 for CH4 emissions, respectively. Consecutive dry or high precipitation, which resulted in cumulative depleted or elevated soil moisture, respectively, along with warmer temperature likely promoted higher methane and nitrous oxide. Experimental fields for validating the model in accordance with various agricultural practices are suggested for further study. Overall, the DNDC model has successfully estimated the CH4 and N2O emissions in Central Java when incorporated with various secondary climatic and land management big data resources.

Pendahuluan: Penambahan nanokitosan pada modifikasi bahan restorasi kedokteran gigi bertujuan untuk memperbaiki sifat mekanik. Sifat mekanik dari suatu bahan dipengaruhi oleh struktur permukaannya. Bahan restorasi yang banyak dilakukan modifikasi yaitu Semen Ionomer Kaca (SIK), salah satunya dengan menambahkan nanokitosan. Sumber nanokitosan dapat berasal dari eksoskeleton serangga kumbang tanduk (Xylotrupes gideon). Xylotrupes gideon memiliki kandungan kitin sebesar 47%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis morfologi permukaan semen ionomer kaca dengan modifikasi penambahan nanokitosan kumang tanduk. Metode: Jenis penelitian yaitu eksperimental laboratorium. Sampel berbentuk silindris dengan ukuran 6 mm (tinggi) × 4 mm (diameter). Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Jumlah sampel minimal sebanyak 1 sampel untuk setiap kelompok yaitu kelompok (A) SIK konvensional (kontrol), (B) SIK modifikasi 10% vol/vol larutan nanokitosan, (C) SIK modifikasi 5% vol/vol larutan nanokitosan, (D) SIK modifikasi 10% weight/weight bubuk nanokitosan, dan (E) SIK modifikasi 5% weight/weight bubuk nanokitosan. Sampel yang telah dibuat disimpan dalam inkubator dengan suhu 37°C. Karakterisasi morfologi permukaan sampel menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Hasil: Karakterisasi SEM menunjukkan adanya variasi retakan pada permukaan sampel yang diperiksa dengan pembesaran 2000× dan 3500×. SIK modifikasi bubuk nanokitosan menunjukkan lebih banyak retakan pada permukaannya serta peningkatan rasio nanokitosan kumbang tanduk menunjukkan peningkatan keretakan pada morfologi permukaan SIK. Simpulan: Penambahan nanokitosan kumbang tanduk (Xylotrupes gideon) pada Semen Ionomer Kaca mengakibatkan perubahan morfologi permukaan SIK. Kata kunci: Semen ionomer kaca; kumbang tanduk; scanning electron microscopy ABSTRACT Introduction: The addition of nanochitosan to the modification of dental restorative materials improves mechanical properties. Its surface structure influences the mechanical properties of a material. The restoration material that has been modified a lot is Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC), one of which is by adding nano chitosan. The source of nano chitosan can be derived from the exoskeleton of the rhinoceros beetle (Xylotrupes gideon). Rhinoceros beetle has a chitin content of 47%. This study aims to analyse the surface morphology of the glass ionomer cement with the modification of the addition of nano chitosan of rhinoceros beetle. Methods: This type of research was an experimental laboratory. The sample was cylindrical with 6 mm (height) × 4 mm (diameter). The sampling used was a purposive sampling technique. The minimum number of samples was one sample for each group, namely group (A) conventional (control) GIC, (B) modified GIC 10% vol/vol nanochitosan solution, (C) GIC modified 5% vol/vol nanochitosan solution, (D) GIC modification of 10% weight/weight of nanochitosan powder, and (E) modified GIC of 5% weight/weight of nanochitosan powder. Samples that have been made were stored in an incubator at 37°C. Characterisation of the surface morphology of the sample using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Results: SEM characterisation showed variations of cracks on the surface of the samples examined at 2000x and 3500x magnification. GIC modified nano chitosan powder showed more cracks on the surface, and an increase in the ratio of rhinoceros beetle nano chitosan showed an increase in cracks in the surface morphology of the GIC. Conclusions: The addition of nano chitosan of rhinoceros beetle to the GIC resulted in changes in the surface morphology. Keywords: Glass ionomer cement; rhinoceros beetle; scanning electron microscopy

The concentration of uneven money waqf fund collection only at the Indonesian Waqf Board located in Jakarta, is one of the factors that can make one's interest in carrying out money waqf, the form of agreement, and the effectiveness of implementation that exists in Lembaga Keuangan Syariah Penerima Wakaf Uang (LKS-PWU), in this case, is one of the LKS-PWU Banks in Malang City that has received money waqf since 2008 following this research. problems regarding the implementation of cash waqf agreements at Bank LKS-PWU in Malang City and the effectiveness of the implementation of money waqf at Bank LKS-PWU in Malang City. This research is empirical research with a sociological juridical approach through interviews. The results of the study explained, the implementation of money waqf there are two kinds, namely, directly and indirectly, the contract agreement that is carried out is in a period forever or within a certain period, bank LKS-PWU in Malang City itself only implements the money waqf process directly because it does not have an internet-based support system or software, the statement of wakif will that must be written in the agreement process is not attached. The implementation of the money waqf agreement process at the LKS-PWU Bank in Malang City can be said to be ineffective, seeing that there has not been fulfilled fulfillment of the implementation of the agreement process by law enforcement who control the field of money waqf, this is indicated by the absence of a statement of wakif will be attached at the time of the implementation of the money waqf agreement, as well as facilities and facilities that cannot be said to be fulfilled, Bank LKS-PWU in Malang City cannot fulfill its obligations in providing internet-based systems or software, because it is still in the process of developing in prioritized matters that are more often used by customers. Abstrak Pemusatan pengumpulan dana wakaf uang yang tidak merata hanya pada Badan Wakaf Indonesia yang berlokasi di Jakarta, menjadi salah satu faktor yang dapat membuat ketertarikan seseorang dalam melaksanakan wakaf uang, bentuk perjanjian dan efektifitas pelaksanaan yang ada pada Lembaga Keuangan Syariah Penerima Wakaf Uang (LKS-PWU), dalam hal ini adalah salah satu Bank LKS-PWU di Kota Malang yang sudah menerima wakaf uang sejak tahun 2008 berkenan dengan hal tersebut penelitian ini mengambil permasalahan tentang pelaksanaan perjanjian wakaf tunai pada Bank LKS-PWU di Kota Malang dan efektifitas pelaksanaan wakaf uang pada Bank LKS-PWU di Kota Malang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian empiris dengan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis melalui wawancara. Hasil penelitian memaparkan, pelaksanaan wakaf uang pada dasarnya terdapat dua macam, yaitu secara langsung dan secara tidak langsung, perjanjian akad yang dilangsungakan adalah dalam jangka waktu selamanya atau dalam jangka waktu tertentu, Bank LKS-PWU di Kota Malang sendiri hanya melaksankan proses wakaf uang secara langsung karena belum memiliki sistem penunjang berbasis internet atau software, pernyataan kehendak wakif yang harus dituliskan dalam proses perjanjiannya tidak dilampirkan. Pelaksanaan pada proses perjanjian wakaf uang pada Bank LKS-PWU di Kota Malang dapat dikatakan tidak efektif, melihat belum tercapainya pemenuhan terhadap pelaksanaan proses perjanjian oleh para penegak hukum yang menguasai bidang wakaf uang ini, hal ini ditunjukkan dengan tidak adanya pernyataan kehendak wakif yang dilampirkan pada saat pelaksanaan perjanjian wakaf uang berlangsung, serta fasilitas dan sarana yang belum dapat dikatakan terpenuhi, tidak dapatnya Bank LKS-PWU di Kota Malang memenuhi kewajibanya dalam penyediaan sistem berbasis internet atau software, dikarenakan masih dalam proses pengembangan dalam hal-hal yang diprioritakan yang lebih sering digunakan oleh nasabah.

Indonesia is facing the problem of low productivity of cattle. To increase the productivity of cattle producer, it can actually be done by relocating the cattle to the comfort zone by observing the physiological response. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effects of misting cattle’s environment by using water sprinkler on the physiological response and the microclimate of the cattle’s shed. The design used was a paired T-test for physiological and microclimate response variables with 5 replications and a completely randomized design to determine the difference between body surface temperatures. The observations were conducted before water misting and after water misting. The results showed that treatment of misting water in the afternoon significantly decreased (P

World-wide, Indonesia is ranked 17th in oral cancers, with deaths reaching 2.326 cases. Of the oral cancers, 90% are squamous cell carcinoma (HSC-3). Unfortunately, conventional cancer therapy still has many ill side effects. Therefore, pharmacologists have looked for natural ingredients to prevent the growth of oral cancer cells. One source is Cymbopogon citratus leaf. Research shows that the active compound of C. citratus leaf is a chemopreventive, doing so by increasing the production of re-active oxygen species (ROS) to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. The active compound of C. citratus leaf has low stability and solubility, so it is necessary to use an encapsulation matrix such as chitosan, and modify it into smaller particles to increase its effectiveness.

Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia telah berlangsung sejak bulan maret 2020 hingga sekarang. Kondisi tanpa kepastian ini telah menurunkan rasa kepedulian masyarakat terhadap Covid-19. Pembinaan kesehatan yang dilakukan secara online dengan pendekatan masyarakat dan peran aktif civitas akademika dalam memotivasi masyarakat untuk menerapkan perilaku hidup sehat dalam keseharian, tetap peduli lingkungan dan waspada terhadap Covid-19 dilakukan untuk memutus rantai penyebaran Covid-19. Selain penyuluhan, dilakukan juga pembuatan sarana umum untuk mendukung keberhasilan penerapan perilaku hidup sehat dengan menciptakan tempat cuci tangan sebagai fasilitas umum yang diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kebiasaan hidup sehat selama pandemi Covid-19. Kuesioner akhir menunjukkan kepuasaan masyarakat terhadap manfaat pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang telah dilakukan. Selain itu, keberhasilan juga dilihat dari aktif nya kembali gugus Covid-19 di wilayah ini dan perubahan perilaku dalam keseharian warga Ciater, Serpong dengan pemanfaatan fasilitas umum tempat cuci tangan. Peran aktif civitas akademika berhasil menimbulkan pengaruh positif dalam penerapan perilaku hidup sehat selama pandemi Covid-19.

Background: Xylotrupes gideon is a harmful insect because it damages the shoots of coconut trees. Xylotrupes gideon has begun to be used in the form of nanochitosan as an alternative in dentistry. The addition of nanochitosan to Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) material is a modification to improve the properties of GIC, such as surface roughness caused by acidic conditions (critical saliva pH). Nano-sized chitosan is able to increase stability and better absorption, thus inhibit demineralization and increase tooth hardness. This research aimed to investigate the effect of nanochitosan from Xylotrupes gideon on the surface roughness of GIC at critical saliva pH. Method: This research type conducted is an experimental laboratory. Samples of 10 mm (height) x 2 mm (diameter) divided into 2 groups, (A) Unmodified GIC (control group), (B) GIC modified with 10% nanochitosan solution. Samples of the treatment and control group are stored in the incubator at 370C for 1 hour before early surface roughness testing and continued in critical saliva pH (5,5) for 7 days in the incubator before the final test. The surface roughness tester using sutrotonic s-100 series. Result: There was an increase in the surface roughness of conventional GIC by 0.133 µm and GIC nanochitosan by 0.122 µm. The results of the paired t-test before and after immersion in the two groups showed that there was a significant difference (p 0.05) between the nanochitosan GIC and conventional GIC. Conclusion: Nanochitosan can reduce the surface roughness value of GIC at critical saliva pH, although there is no significant difference to conventional GIC.

Ratoon system is a method of rice cultivation that produces new tillers after the mother plant is harvested and is continued by maintaining and caring for the shoots of the mother plant. In Indonesia, SALIBU and SINGGANG, which are types of rice ratooning, have been developed for Sumatra and Java regions, respectively. SALIBU is an innovation or a modification of the rice ratoon system that focuses on maintaining the time of fertigation and cutting of plant height. SINGGANG, on the other hand, is a rice ratoon system in which the management of fertigation and cutting is not considered. Both systems have not yet been implemented outside their places of origin. This study aims to compare the conventional and modified rice ratoon systems considering parameters such as soil properties, nutrient uptake, and the growth and yield of rice. The effects of rice ratoon systems (SALIBU and SINGGANG,), soil types (Inceptisols, Alfisols, and Vertisols), and cultivars (Pandan Wangi and Mekongga) were evaluated. All treatments were evaluated in a completely randomized design with three replicates in the net house. The results showed that the soil porosity in SINGGANG (48.89%) and SALIBU (46.78%) systems was higher than the conventional system (43.17%) in the Inceptisol soil and Pandan Wangi cultivars. Moreover, SINGGANG had a positive effect on the physical properties of soil (porosity and permeability); whereas, SALIBU had a positive effect on the chemical properties of soil (pH and organic carbon). In contrast, the agronomic parameters showed that the weights of dry matter and dry yield for SINGGANG were 44.96 and 23.09 g per plant clump, respectively, while those for SALIBU were 55.54 and 25.74 g per plant clump, respectively. These were lower than the conventional system (63.18 and 31.21 g per plant clump, respectively). Thus, we concluded that the SINGGANG and SALIBU ratoon systems had a positive impact on soil properties, but both systems could not promote higher rice production than the mother plant in all soil types and cultivars.

Abstract Background The environmental conditions resulted by the agronomic management practices may govern the secondary metabolite contents of medicinal plants, including Java tea (Orthosiphon aristatus B). Abiotic factors such as temperatures have been known to determine the secondary metabolite contents of Java tea. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of soil temperature resulting from soil mulching and harvest age on total phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant contents of Java tea. Methods The research was arranged using nested (hierarchy design) with completely randomized design under a screen house at Karanganyar, Indonesia, from July to December 2019. The main factor was soil mulching (control; black plastic mulch, transparent plastic mulch, biodegradable mulch and rice straw mulch) with three replicates. The main factor was nested in the temporal hierarchy factor, namely harvest age which consisted of two levels, i.e., 80 and 100 days. The observation parameters were soil temperature of 10 min (maximum; mean; minimum and soil temperature-based Growing Degree Days, GDD) with sensors and logger; plant growth (plant height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight); and secondary metabolites including phenol, flavonoids and antioxidant. Results The results confirmed the order of the highest to the lowest mean soil temperature was resulted under the transparent plastic mulch > straw > black plastic mulch > control > biodegradable plastic mulch (26.69 > 26.29 > 26.10 > 26.07 > 25.68 °C, respectively). Overall, the harvest age 100 days resulted in higher plant growth, indicated by the higher fresh and dry weight of biomass, higher phenol and antioxidant contents than 80 days. Soil mulching, especially with plastic and biodegradable plastic mulches with long harvest age (100 days) effected into lower fresh and dry weight of plants. On the other hand, soil mulching indirectly resulted in lower phenol but higher flavonoid contents through higher soil temperature, while antioxidant contents were higher under the big soil temperature-based Growing Degree Day (GDD). The total phenol, flavonoids and antioxidant produced ranging from 193.75 to 412.50 mg GAE/ 100 g DW; 81.13 to 141.47 mg QE/ 100 g DW; and 1875.5–2144.4 µmol TE/g DW. Conclusion Higher maximum soil temperature resulted in lower phenol content, while higher minimum soil temperature and shorter harvest age increased total flavonoid. Longer harvest age produced more total phenol and antioxidant due to bigger soil temperature-based Growing Degree Day (GDD). Graphical Abstract

Maria Komariah,1 Sidik Maulana,2 Hesti Platini,3 Tuti Pahria3 1Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 2Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 3Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Maria KomariahDepartment of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, IndonesiaTel +62 81294686288Fax +62 22-7795596Email maria.komariah@unpad.ac.idAbstract: This review aims to investigate the potential of telenursing as a nursing care delivery model for lung cancer throughout the COVID-19 pandemic using a scoping review. The Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) were used in this study. The topic was thoroughly researched in PubMed, CINAHL, and Science Direct. Based on the initial search, there were eight relevant studies out of 432. Websites, phone calls, and lifestream were among the telenursing models discovered in the care of lung cancer patients. The delivery care provided includes monitoring vital signs, symptoms, chemotherapy toxicity, support care, education, and postoperative rehabilitation. Telenursing is considered appropriate for lung cancer patients because it has been shown to help with symptom management, functional status, quality of life, and diminishing the demand for care support. Therefore, telenursing can be used to deliver care for lung cancer throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.Keywords: COVID-19, lung cancer, nursing delivery care, telenursing

The auction winner as a legitimate buyer is often unable to retrieve the auction object that has been purchased because the object under the the previous owner. This led to the auction winner filing an execution lawsuit to the Court of Appeal. However, thereis rarely a third party that fights against the seizure of executions with the intention of stalling. Author conducted a study on The Verdict No. 39/Pdt.Bth/2019/PN.Mjk and 14/Pdt.Bth/2020/PN.Mjk Mojokerto District Court regarding derden verzet related to the seizure of execution No. 5/Eks.HT/2019/PN.Mjk. This study aims to find out the reasons for resistance, know the consideration of judges in rejecting resistance and know the legal protections provided to auction winners for the existence of third-party resistance. The research method used was normative legal research. Based on the research, the author obtained the results according to article 195 paragraph (6) HIR, derden verzet can be filed on the basis of property rights to the confiscated object. However, hakim rejected both resistances with the consideration that contrarians are not true contrarians. Basically, legal protection against the winner of the auction has been given by Vendu Reglement and PMK No. 27/PMK.06/2016, but the resistance to the emptying execution confiscationdoes notmandate the absence of certainty for the winner of the auction in order to complywith the auction object that has been defended . Abstrak Pemenang lelang sebagai pembeli yang sah seringkali tidak dapat menikmati secara langsung objek lelang yang sudah dibeli karena masih dalam penguasaan pemilik sebelumnya. Hal ini menjadi alasan pengajuan permohonan eksekusi pengosongan ke Pengadilan Negeri oleh pemenang lelang. Akan tetapi, tidak jarang ada pihak ketiga yang mengajukan perlawanan terhadap sita eksekusi dengan maksud mengulur waktu. Penulis melakukan studi pada Putusan No. 39/Pdt.Bth/2019/PN.Mjk dan 14/Pdt.Bth/2020/PN.Mjk Pengadilan Negeri Mojokerto mengenai derden verzet terkait adanya sita eksekusi Nomor 5/Eks.HT/2019/PN.Mjk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui alasan perlawanan, mengetahui pertimbangan hakim dalam menolak perlawanan dan mengetahui perlindungan hukum yang diberikan untuk pemenang lelang atas adanya perlawanan pihak ketiga. Penulis mengkaji kasus ini dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Berdasarkan penelitian, Penulis memperoleh hasil yaitu menurut pasal 195 ayat (6) HIR, derden verzet bisa diajukan dengan dasar adanya hak milik atas objek yang disita. Namun, Majelis Hakim menolak kedua perlawanan dengan pertimbangan bahwa pelawan bukanlah pelawan yang benar. Pada dasarnya, perlindungan hukum terhadap pemenang lelang telah diberikan oleh Vendu Reglement dan PMK No. 27/PMK.06/2016, namun adanya perlawanan terhadap sita eksekusi pengosongan mengakibatkan tidak adanya kepastian untuk pemenang lelang agar dapat menikmati objek lelang yang telah dibelinya.

Employment agreements must contain the principle of freedom of contract and the principle of proportionality. However, in practice, these two principles often experience a degradation to be applied in work agreements that bind workers and employers. In addition, from a sociological perspective, the employer is a party that is higher than the workforce, in other words, the worker is the weak party. Workers do not have the freedom to determine what they want, so they just participate in work agreements made by default by the employer. The formulation of the problem from this research is how to apply the two principles into the Employment Agreement, then whether the application of the two principles provides legal protection for workers based on the Employment Agreement, and what factors are the supporting and inhibiting factors in the application of the two principles. The research method used by the author is sociological juridical research at company in Banjarmasin. From this study, the authors found the results that the application of these two principles at PT. Panca Teknik that is not yet fully implemented. This is because there are still conflicts with the law both in terms of the type and content of the work agreement. The inhibiting factor from the application of these two principles is the lack of socialization from the company regarding work agreements for workers. Abstrak Dalam perjanjian kerja yang menjadi suatu dasar yang mengikat, dikenal adanya asas kebebasan berkontrak dan asas proporsionalitas dalam perjanjian tersebut. Namun dalam praktiknya, kedua asas tersebut seringkali mengalami suatu degradasi untuk diterapkan dalam perjanjian kerja yang mengikat pekerja dan pemberi kerja. Selain itu dari segi sosiologis, pemberi kerja merupakan pihak yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan tenaga kerja, dengan kata lain yakni pekerja ialah pihak yang lemah. Pekerja tidak memiliki kebebasan dalam menentukan apa yang menjadi kehendaknya, sehingga turut saja dalam perjanjian kerja yang dibuat secara baku oleh pemberi kerja. Rumusan masalah dari penelitian ini yakni bagaimana penerapan Kedua asas tersebut ke dalam Perjanjian Kerja, lalu apakah penerapan kedua asas tersebut memberikan perlindungan hukum terhadap pekerja berdasarkan Perjanjian Kerja, dan Faktor apa yang menjadi pendukung dan penghambat dalam penerapan kedua asas tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh penulis yakni penelitian yuridis sosiologis di Perusahaan yang berada di Banjarmasin. Hasil penilitan menunjukan bahwa penerapan dari kedua asas tersebut pada Perusahaan yakni belum secara penuh diterapkan. Hal ini dikarenakan bahwa masih terdapat pertentangan dengan undang-undang baik dari jenis maupun isi perjanjian kerja. Faktor penghambat dari penerapan kedua asas tersebut yakni kurangnya sosialisasi dari perusahaan mengenai perjanjian kerja yang terhadap tenaga kerja.

This study aims to find out the accuracy of PlanetScope imagery in analyzing the total content of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) and Sulfur (S) in terrace paddy field. The area for this research is terraced paddy fields in Wonosari Sub-district, Gondangrejo District, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Aerial photo analysis from PlanetScope (www.planet.com) was conducted at the Pedology Laboratory and Soil Survey, while soil sample analysis was carried out at the Laboratory of Chemistry and Soil Fertility, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University (UNS). The preparation aerial photo analysis from PlanetScope was carried out in September 2019. Soil sampling, laboratory analysis, and data analysis were carried out from September 2019 to January 2020. There are 3 Citra PlanetScope bands that have a significant effect on the elements being studied. Those three bands are band 1 (red), band 3 (blue) and band 4 (NIR). Multiple linear regression analysis obtained a regression equation model from those three bands. This model can be used as an estimator for the existence of the soil nutrient being studied. The accuracy values obtained for N, P, K and S in terraced paddy fields are 97.58%; 94.85%; 85.97%; and 97.39% and the R2 value of 0.39; 0.30; 0.30 and 0.27. The R2 value, which is still relatively small, indicates that there are many factors may affect the accuracy value.

Background: Clinacanthus nutans exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, and anti-biofilm activities. Wounds in the oral cavity can affect the quality of life. Wound healing is a complex process to restore functions of injured tissues. The effect of C. nutans on oral mucosal burns and tongue wounds of rats is investigated. Methods: Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into negative control and treatment groups with 25, 50, and 100 mg/mL of C. nutans. Oral mucosal burns and tongue wounds were observed on days 7 and 14 based on the fibroblast count and collagen deposits. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s test with P < 0.05. Results: Results revealed that on day 7, the fibroblast count of mucosal burns and tongue wounds increases. The maximum mucosal burns were observed for the 100 mg/mL group, whereas the maximum tongue wounds were observed for the 25 mg/mL group. On day 7, collagen deposits were increased in case of mucosal burns. The number of collagen deposits increased on day 14, the highest mucosal burns were observed for the 100 mg/mL group, and in case of tongue wounds, the highest number was observed for the 50 mg/mL group. Conclusion: Ethanol extracts of C. nutans leaves can increase the fibroblast count on day 7 and collagen deposits on day 14 after injury in case of oral mucosal burns and tongue wounds during the wound healing of Sprague Dawley rats.

Excessive drainage of peatlands can cause subsidence and irreversible drying; therefore, it is necessary to predict groundwater levels in peatlands to ensure adequate water for crops and control excessive water loss simultaneously. This study aimed to predict the peatland groundwater level and soil moisture affected by drainage. This research was conducted in a peatland located in Rasau Jaya Umum, Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia from February to December 2016. Three treatments of drainage setting were established with maize cropping: without drainage (P0) and drainage channel with water level maintained at depths of 30 cm (P1) and 60 cm (P2) from the soil surface. The results indicated that a polynomial regression model is a good approach to predicting groundwater table level and soil moisture in peatlands, with R2 values ranging 0.71-0.96 and 0.65-0.93, respectively. For agricultural purposes, maintaining the water level at 30 cm from the soil surface in the drainage channel appears to be the ideal level as adequate soil moisture is provided for annual cash crops and drying is prevented simultaneously.

The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) are used to monitor and identify different types of drought, including meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural droughts. This study evaluates the accuracy of estimating soil moisture levels using the two indexes. The analysis correlated the SPI and the SPEI over three years (November 2016–October 2019) using Rstudio, with average monthly soil moisture taken using a Soil Moisture Sensor; 3-, 6- and 12-months SPI and SPEI showed a positive correlation for soil moisture (Sig 0.05). In contrast, the 3-, 6-, and 12-months indexes were significant (p-value

The implementation of customary inheritance law is still often used by people in Indonesia, as well as for the Osing indigenous people who live in the Kemiren Traditional Village, Banyuwangi Regency. The implementation of inheritance distribution in the area is still guided by the traditions and culture that have been passed down from generation to generation, so that it continues to develop in order to seek justice in the inheritance system of the Osing indigenous people. On this basis, it is necessary to have a legal instrument that can regulate the customary inheritance law of the Osing tribe. This study aims to help answer these problems by knowing the arrangement and implementation of inheritance distribution in the Osing customary community. The method used in this research is sociological juridical. Data collection techniques used in this study were interviews, documentation, and literature study. The result of this research is that the arrangement of inheritance distribution in the Osing customary community applies the Pancer Line and the Kembang Pathways system, with the distribution of two to one for male heirs and female heirs. As for the implementation of the distribution, it is different from the regulation, namely that the distribution of inheritance between male heirs and female heirs is distributed equally, namely one to one. The arrangement for the distribution of inheritance in the Osing customary community has worked well, although in practice there are differences with the prevailing rules, however, the distribution should be adjusted according to the rules so that customary values ​​are maintained in accordance with the characteristics of Osing's customary inheritance law

The independent campus curriculum policy and implementation in Indonesian universities have faced many challenges during the past two years. This approach is complicated by the Indonesian school system, which divides education into religious and general institutions. The study aims to investigate the challenges and opportunities that Islamic Universities in Indonesia encounter when implementing the policy of the Independent Campus Curriculum as part of an educational policy reform initiative. We employed a case study approach and purposive sampling to select our prospective participants. Nine Islamic universities representing Indonesia's eastern and western regions were chosen purposively. Thirteen leaders of Islamic universities who occupy various structural positions related to implementing the Independent Campus Curriculum were interviewed. Our research showed that Indonesian Islamic universities must establish grant money, encourage cooperation and partnerships with relevant institutions, and generate a wide range of activities following a publicly accessible independent campus curriculum policy. Despite implementation problems, Islamic institutions' independent campus curriculum policy change offers great potential for campus quality improvement. This curriculum allows Islamic colleges to expand their collaborative networks and improve student skills. Our research has provided a new perspective on implementing the Independent Campus Curriculum, but only for Islamic higher education officials. A complete understanding requires input from students, stakeholders, and other interested parties.

The exploration of teacher performance for the improvement of educational quality and student achievement is an important subject in Indonesia. Therefore, this research aimed to specifically explore the impact of principal adaptive leadership on teacher performance in the Indonesian educational landscape, with collaborative school culture serving as the mediating variable. To achieve the stated aim, data were collected through the administration of questionnaires from 425 public primary school teachers in West Java, Indonesia. Accordingly, the collected data were then analyzed using structural equation modeling with partial least squares (SEM-PLS). The results showed that adaptive leadership had a significant and positive influence on teacher performance. It was also observed that collaborative school culture acted as an effective mediating variable during the process. This research offers both theoretical and practical implications for the broader implementation of adaptive leadership theory in schools. Additionally, recommendations for future research areas are provided.

Soil organic matter (SOM) is one of the important parameters in agriculture management, thus estimating its distribution on the land will be essential. Remote sensing can be utilized to map the SOM distribution in the large-scale area. The objective of this research was to determine the estimation of SOM distribution on the paddy field in Sukoharjo Regency, Indonesia using Landsat 8 OLI imagery. The sampling points were determined by purposive sampling based on an overlay of land use classification map of paddy field, NDSI (Normalized Difference Soil Index) map, and soil type map. The analysis method was used simple linear regression (SLR) and multiple linear regression (MLR) between SOM content and a digital number of Landsat 8 OLI imagery. The SLR analysis resulted that all band except band 1 and 5 of Landsat 8 OLI Imagery have the capability to estimating SOM. The MLR model based on best subset analysis resulted in the combination of bands 3, 4, 6, and 7 was the best model for estimating SOM distribution (R2=0.399). The MLR model was used to create SOM distribution map on paddy field in Sukoharjo Regency and resulted in the SOM range of the area is distributed from very low (