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Biomolecules containing adenosine di‐ or triphosphate (ADP or ATP) are crucial for diverse biological processes. Synthesis of these biomolecules and development of their chemical probes are important to elucidate their functions. Enabling reproducible and high‐yielding access to these ADP‐ and ATP‐containing molecules via conventional P(III)‐P(V) and P(V)‐P(V) coupling reactions is challenging owing to water content in highly polar phosphate‐containing substrates. Herein, we report an efficient and reliable method for protecting‐group‐free P(V)‐P(V) coupling reaction through in situ activation of phosphates using hydrolysis‐stable 2‐[N‐(2‐methylimidazoyl)]‐1,3‐dimethylimidazolinium chloride (2‐MeImIm‐Cl), providing the corresponding electrophilic P(V) intermediates for subsequent nucleophilic attack using their coupling partners. This P(V)‐P(V) coupling reaction proceeded even in a wet reaction medium and showed a broad substrate scope, accommodating protecting‐group‐free synthesis of ADP‐ribose and nicotinamide adenine diphosphate analogs, ATP‐containing biomolecules, and ADP‐ribosyl peptides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: To investigate the efficacy of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in the treatment of uterine-confined and node-negative cervical cancer in Japan, we conducted a population-based study using Osaka Cancer Registry data ranging between 2011 and 2018. A total of 2279 patients who underwent surgical treatment for uterine-confined and node-negative cervical cancer were identified. The patients were classified into groups according to surgery type (open and MIS groups) and year of diagnosis (2011–2014 and 2015–2018), and their oncologic outcomes were compared between the MIS and open groups. In the analyses including all patients, i.e., patients diagnosed in 2011–2014 and those diagnosed in 2015–2018, there were no differences in overall survival between the MIS and open groups. Our population-based cohort study provides epidemiological evidence that MIS does not compromise survival outcomes when compared with conventional open surgery in Japanese patients with FIGO 2018 stage I cervical cancer. We aimed to compare the oncological outcomes between Japanese women with uterine-confined and node-negative cervical cancer who underwent open surgery and those who underwent minimally invasive surgery (MIS). A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Osaka Cancer Registry that ranged from 2011 to 2018. A total of 2279 patients who underwent surgical treatment for uterine-confined and node-negative cervical cancer were identified. The patients were classified into groups according to surgery type (open and MIS groups) and year of diagnosis (group one, 2011–2014; group two, 2015–2018). The oncologic outcomes were compared between the MIS and open groups. When the MIS group (n = 225) was compared with open group (n = 2054), overall, there was no significant between-group difference in terms of overall survival. Based on Kaplan–Meier estimates, the probability of overall survival at four years was 99.5% in the MIS group and 97.2% in the open group (p = 0.1110). When examined according to the year of diagnosis, there were no significant between-group differences in the overall survival in both groups one and two. In this population-based cohort study, MIS did not compromise survival outcomes when compared with conventional open surgery in Japanese patients with uterine-confined and node-negative (FIGO 2018 stage I) cervical cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the role of lymphadenectomy (LND) in locally recurrent or persistent cervical cancer patients treated with salvage hysterectomy. Methods: Locally recurrent or persistent cervical cancer patients treated with salvage hysterectomy, with or without LND, were identified. Patients were divided into two groups according to the status of radiologic evidence of lymph node metastasis, and the impact of LND was investigated by evaluating postoperative survival. Results: This study included 72 patients; 48 did not show radiological evidence of lymph node metastasis (Group 1) while 24 did (Group 2). Overall, the addition of LND to salvage hysterectomy resulted in increased postoperative complications. In Group 1, salvage hysterectomy plus LND resulted in the identification of five cases with false‐negative lymph nodes (19.2%), but showed no advantage over salvage hysterectomy alone in terms of postoperative survival. In Group 2, all patients underwent LND, which resulted in the identification of eight cases with false‐positive nodes (33.3%), and reasonably long postoperative survival. The estimated 3‐year postoperative survival rate in this group was 39.7%. Conclusion: Including LND in salvage hysterectomy allows for precise lymph node staging but increases risk of postoperative complications. However, considering the inability to improve survival, LND should not be performed during salvage hysterectomy in patients without radiological evidence of lymph node metastasis. In patients with radiological evidence of lymph node metastasis, salvage hysterectomy plus LND can only be performed in those who understand the risk of postoperative complications and the limited evidence supporting its survival advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical synthesis of 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid (Kdo)-containing glycans, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and capsular polysaccharides (CPSs), is in high demand for the development of vaccines against pathogenic bacteria. We have recently achieved the complete α-stereoselective glycosidation of Kdo using a macrobicyclic donor tethered at the C1 and C5 positions. In this study, to expand the scope of Kdo glycosidation, we sought to protect the 4-OH group, thereby shortening the reaction time and ensuring the conversion of the glycosyl acceptor via its selective removal. The protection of the 4-OH group influenced the reactivity of the Kdo donor, and the triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) group acted as a selectively removable booster. The 4-O-TIPS donor allowed the synthesis of the α(2,4)-linked dimeric Kdo sequence, which is widely found in bacterial LPSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]