Search

Relevance. Professional firefighters are exposed to high levels of physical and emotional stress which impacts their functional reserves and makes the susceptible to erroneous actions and occupational traumas. The objective is to assess the decade-long (2012 to 2021) risk of occupational injuries and to establish its correlation with nosologies of external causes under Chapter XIX of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10).Methods. We analyzed occupational injuries across different categories among Federal Fire Service (FFS) officers of the EMERCOM of Russia (emergency response squads, prevention, technical and administrative workforce), their causes (technical, organizational, psychophysiological and hazardous fire-related factors), and performed occupational activities (firefighting, training, sport or daily activities). Based on the ICD-10, injury risks and exposure of particular body areas to external factors were calculated per 10,000 people according (×10–4).Results and Discussion. Over a 10 year’s timespan, 1,769 occupational injuries have been registered among Federal Fire Service officers EMERCOM of Russia. The occupational injury rate for firefighters was (9.19 ± 0.54)•10–4 injuries/(person•year), which was statistically significantly lower (p < 0.001) than for male workforce employed in Russian economy sectors – (16.50 ± 1.09)•10–4. The overall average diagnose per injury rate was 1.5, including 1.7 in firefighting and other emergency response activities, 1.4 in combat training activities, and 1.5 in routine activities. The weighted average risk of body injuries was (11.96 ± 0.89)•10–4 injuries/(person•year); in particular, cumulative injury risk rate was (10.01 ± 0.83)•10–4 responsible for 83.6% of the total value, with burns (1.39 ± 0.23)•10–4 (equal to 11.6%), poisoning by combustion products (0.39 ± 0.09)•10–4 (equal to 3.3%), heat fainting (0.18 ± 0.04)•10–4 (equal to 1.5%) respectively. The congruent risk trends for occupational injuries, industrial head and body injuries, including burns, are positive and statistically significant, which suggests the trends are driven by identical (unidirectional) parameters. For determination coefficients of different significance, the polynomial trend of body injuries risk shows a downward trend of data reduction; the risk of burns resembles an inverted U-curve; while the risk of poisoning by combustion products demonstrates an increase in indicator values. Risks of injuries to the head (S00–S09 in ICD-10) showed rank 1 of significance among occupational body lesions in the entire cohort of firefighters, reaching the level of (2,49 ± 0,32)•10–4 injuries/(person•year) equal to 20.8 % of all occupational injuries; knee and shin injuries were assigned rank 2 (S80-S89) – (1.87 ± 0.24)•10–4 equal to 15.6 %; ankle and foot area were assigned rank 3 (S90–S99) – (1.11 ± 0.15)•10–4 equal to 9,3 %; rank 4 injuries were injuries of the thorax (S20–S29) – (0.91 ± 0.13)•10–4 equal to 7.6 %; wrist and hand injuries were assigned rank 5 (S40–S49) – (0.88 ± 0.07)•10–4 equal to 7.4 % respectively. Overall, these body traumas amounted to 60.7 % of all occupational injuries of external causes. In the genesis of damages of body areas of firefighters during occupational injury, the leading place is given to head injuries, which contribute to loss of balance and create conditions for falling, as a result of which other areas of the body are injured. The analysis of occupational injuries and nosologies across different workforce categories was effectively performed taking account of injury causes and types of activity.Conclusion. The analysis of cause-and-effect relations of all injuries among heads of subdivisions, occupational safety officers, fire engineers, firefighters and doctors allows to improve prevention of occupational injuries among officers of the Federal Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia.

Relevance. Road accidents are one of the main causes of death and injury among the EMERCOM of Russia personnel.The objective is to analyze the circumstances of road traffic occupational injuries and deaths of the Federal Fire Service (FFS) personnel of the EMERCOM of Russia within 2010 to 2021.Methods. The level of occupational injuries in road accidents from 2010 to 2021, depending on the type of transport, type of activity, day of the week and month of the year, was calculated for 10 thousand firefighters, the level of deaths in the line of duty - for 100 thousand firefighters. Arithmetic averages and their errors (M ± m) are presented.Results and discussion. The level of accident-caused injuries of the Russian EMERCOM FFS personnel was (1.52 ± 0.20) cases per 10 thousand people. The dynamics shows a decrease by 3.4 times in the statistics of injuries over 12 years. The rate of accident-caused deaths among the Russian EMERCOM FFS personnel was (2.06 ± 0.28) cases per 100 thousand people. The dynamics of the last two years demonstrates an increase in the statistics of injuries.The road accident injuries constitute 13.2% of the total number of industrial injuries among Russian firefighters. The rate of fatalities caused by road accidents is 25.8% of the total number of firefighters killed in the line of duty.Conclusion. The analysis of the circumstances of accident-caused injuries among the EMERCOM FFS personnel contributes to improved prevention of occupational firefighter injuries and reduces the on-duty firefighter death rate.

Relevance. Extreme conditions of activity of the personnel of the operational units of the EMERCOM of Russia while on duty for emergency elimination of the consequences of accidents, disasters, fires and other emergency situations (ES), probably cause excessive stress on the functional reserves of the body, along with professionally accelerated diseases, erroneous actions, injuries and even death.Intention – To conduct an analysis of the risks of death by causes of fatal injuries, type of activity, categories of personnel and operational services of the EMERCOM of Russia for 10 years from 2012 to 2021.Methodology. The indicators of fatal injuries among personnel (military, employees with special ranks, and workers) of the operational units of the EMERCOM of Russia were obtained from the statistical data bank on morbidity, injuries, disability and death in the line of duty. Deaths of personnel were correlated with activities (liquidation of ES consequences, education and sports, everyday activities), 18 circumstances of injury were classified by causes (technical, organizational, psychophysiological and dangerous ES factors). Risks of death were calculated per 100 thousand ( ×10–5) personnel. Arithmetic means and their errors (M ± m) are indicated. Results and Discussion. Over 10 years (2012–2021), 202 staff members of the EMERCOM of Russia died on duty due to fatal injuries, on average (20 ± 3) people per year. The average annual risk of death in the operational services of the EMERCOM of Russia was (9.49 ± 1.37) ∙ 10–5, for male workers in the Russian economy it was almost the same, (9.84 ± 0.56) ∙ 10–5, for firefighters from the created array from 32 countries – statistically significantly lower, (2.27 ± 0.29) ∙ 10–5 (p < 0.001). Technical factors were associated with (0.87 ± 0.58) ∙ 10–5 risk of death and accounted for 9.4% of fatalities; organizational factors – with (1.09 ± 0.43) ∙ 10–5 risk of death and 11.4% of fatalities; psychophysiological factors – with (3.70 ± 0.32) ∙ 10–5 risk of death and 39.1 % of fatalities; ES hazards – with (3.83 ± 0.85) ∙ 10–5 risk of death and 41.1% fatalities. Operational activities were associated with (5.31 ± 1.26) ∙ 10–5 risk of death and 55.9 % of all the fatalities; training and sports – with (0.75 ± 0.24) ∙ 10–5 and 8 % of all the fatalities; daily activities were associated with (3.44 ± 0.44) ∙ 10–5 risk of death and 36.1 % all the fatalities.For the operational staff, risk of death turned out to be (9.06 ± 1.06) ∙ 10–5 and 63.9 %, respectively, for the prevention staff – (5.61 ± 1.42) ∙ 10–5 and 4 %, respectively; for the technical staff – (13.83 ± 5.96) ∙ 10–5 and 15.8 %, respectively, for managers – (10.26 ± 2.64) ∙ 10–5 and 16.8 %, respectively. For the personnel of the Federal Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia the risk of death was (7.80 ± 0.74) ∙ 10–5 and 73.8 %, respectively; for the Rescue military units of the EMERCOM of Russia – (37.32 ±19.10) ∙ 10–5 and 13.4 %, respectively; for the Search and Rescue and Emergency rescue units of the EMERCOM of Russia – (20.45 ± 8.13) ∙ 10–5 and 5 %, respectively, for Paramilitary mine rescue units of the EMERCOM of Russia – (38.65 ± 20.14) ∙ 10–5 and 6.4 %, respectively; for the State Inspectorate for Small Vessels of the EMERCOM of Russia – ( 5.36 ± 3.81) ∙ 10–5 and 1.5 %, respectively. The risk of death was low for prevention personnel, medium for operational staff and management personnel, and high for technical personnel. A low risk of death was observed among the personnel of the State Inspectorate for Small Vessels of the EMERCOM of Russia, medium risk was observed among the personnel of the Federal Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia, and a high risk was observed in the other analyzed services.Conclusion. Injury prevention will help improve the safety of personnel, and taking into account the level, structure and dynamics of injuries will optimize the forces and means of the Russian EMERCOM.

Relevance. The extreme conditions of activity of the personnel of operational units of the EMERCOM of Russia, carrying out duty for urgent mitigation of consequences of accidents, disasters, fires and other emergency situations (ES), likely cause excessive consumption of the body functional reserves, occurrence of erroneous actions, injuries and even death.Intention is to analyze rates of occupational injuries in personnel of operational units of the EMERCOM of Russia for 10 years (2012–2021).Methodology. Indicators of injuries among personnel (military personnel, employees with special ranks, and other employees) of operational units of the EMERCOM of Russia in 2012–2015 were obtained from the bank of statistical data on morbidity, injuries, disability and death of personnel of the EMERCOM of Russia when performing official duties; in 2016– 2021 – from report forms for the EMERCOM of Russia. Injuries were correlated with activities of the personnel: liquidation of the consequences of emergencies, training, sports and daily activities. Circumstances of injury were grouped by causes as follows: technical, organizational, psycho-physiological and dangerous factors of emergency situations. Rates of occupational injuries were calculated per 10 thousand (×10–4) personnel. This represented risks of personnel of operational units of the EMERCOM of Russia to be injured on the duty. Arithmetic means and their errors (M ± m) are indicated.Results and Discussion. During 2012–2021, 2471 injuries on the duty were reported among the personnel of operational units of the EMERCOM of Russia with rates of occupational injuries (11.57 ± 0.68) • 10–4; for male Russian workers over 9 years (2012–2020) these rates were statistically significantly (p < 0.01) higher (16.89 ± 1.14) • 10–4. Rates of occupational injuries decrease over time. The congruence of injury rates for 9 years is strong, positive and statistically significant (r = 0.816; p < 0.01), which may indicate influence of similar (unidirectional) factors in the development of injuries. In the general group of personnel, technical causes accounted for 2.6% of injuries with an injury rate of (0.30 ± 0.08) • 10–4; organizational ones, 13.9 % and (1.60 ± 0.14) • 10–4, psychophysiological ones, 60.5 % and (6.98 ± 0.47) • 10–4; dangerous factors of emergency situations, 23 % and (2.68 ± 0.30) • 10–4, respectively. Rates of occupational injuries among the EMERCOM of Russia personnel amounted to (4.46 ± 0.38) • 10–4; (2.13 ± 0.18) • 10–4; (4.98 ± 0.46) • 10–4 during operational activities, training and sports, and daily activities, respectively. Proportions and rates of injuries were 66.7% and (11.45 ± 0.83) • 10–4; 3.7 % and (6.37 ± 0.74) • 10–4; 14.2 % and (12.63 ± 1.47)• 10–4; 17.2 % and (12.88 ± 1.01) • 10–4, respectively, among the operational, prevention-oriented, technical and administrative personnel of the EMERCOM of Russia. Occupational injuries among the personnel of operational units of the EMERCOM of Russia amounted to (58.08 ± 7.24) • 10–4 in the rescue military units; (33.16 ± 4.66) • 10–4 in search and rescue and emergency rescue units; (23.90 ± 9.14) • 10–4 in Militarized mine rescue units; (9.19 ± 0.54) • 10–4 in Federal Fire Service; and (4.46 ± 1.42) • 10–4 in State Inspection for small boats.Conclusion. Occupational injuries can become manageable only when all injuries are taken into account and causes and consequences of each injury case are analyzed with participation of labor protection specialists, firefighters, rescuers, engineers, doctors and managers.

Relevance. Occupational injuries - a set of injuries received by workers in the workplace and caused by non-compliance with working conditions for a certain period of time, for example, for 1 year. Industrial injuries - a controlled process and an indicator of occupational safety. Intention. To analyze occupational injuries among the personnel of the Federal Fire Service (FFS) of the EMERCOM of Russia by category for 15 years from 2006 to 2020. Methodology. The injury rates for personnel (with special ranks and employees) of the FFS of the EMERCOM of Russia were obtained from the statistical data bank on morbidity, injuries, disability and death of personnel of the EMERCOM of Russia units during the performance of their duties. Injury rates per 10,000 firefighters were calculated. The received injuries were correlated with the categories of personnel (operational personnel, preventive, technical and managerial personnel) and activities (fire fighting, training / sports and everyday activities). The circumstances of receiving injuries were generalized by causes: technical, organizational, psycho-physiological and dangerous fire-related factors. The results were checked for normality of distribution. Arithmetic mean values and their errors are presented. The dynamics of receiving injuries was assessed using time series and 2nd order polynomial trends. Consistency (congruence) of the studied trends was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficients. Results and Discussion. There is a decrease in occupational injuries in all categories of personnel of the EMERCOM of Russia FFS. Average annual level of occupational injuries in 2006-2020 was (14.66 ± 2.01) per 10,000 firefighters. Russian workers overall tended to have higher levels (17.87 ± 1.56) per 10,000 Russian workforce (nonsignificant difference). The consistency of the trends is strong positive and statistically significant (r = 0.833; p < 0.001), which may indicate the influence of unidirectional factors in recieving injuries. The proportion of injuries among operational personnel was 67.1% of the structure of all occupational injuries, the average annual injury rate was (14.47 ± 2.06) per 10 thousand firefighters; among preventive personnel - 6.6 % and (12.33 ? 2.33) per 10 thousand, respectively; among technical personnel - 6.5 % and (10.86 ± 1.58) per 10 thousand, respectively; among managerial personnel - 19.8 % and (18.65 ± 2.49) per 10 thousand firefighters, respectively. The highest level of occupational injuries and the proportion of injuries among the operational staff were due to psychophysiological causes during daily activities - (4.31 ± 0.86) per 10 thousand firefighters and 19.5 % of the structure of all injuries and fire hazards during fire extinguishing - (4.03 ± 0.45) per 10 thousand and 18.2 %, respectively. For preventive, technical and managerial personnel, the leading causes of injuries were psychophysiological factors during daily activities - (7.21 ± 1.43) per 10 thousand and 3.8 %; (6.19 ± 0.95) per 10 thousand and 3.7 %; (6.55 ± 0.81) per 10 thousand firefighters and 7.2 %, respectively. The average annual risk of receiving injury during firefighting among the personnel of the EMERCOM of Russia FFS in 2009-2020 amounted to (0.18 ± 0.01) x 10-3 injuries/(fire x year), for the operational staff -(0.15 ± 0.01) x 10-3 injuries/(fire x year). There is a tendency to reducing risks of injury. Risks of injury turned out not to depend on the number of fires; the congruence of trends for fires and risks in the personnel and operational staff is weak positive and statistically nonsignificant (r = 0.208 and r = 0.201, respectively; p > 0.05 for both coefficients). Conclusion. Occupational injuries can become manageable only if all injuries are taken into account and a wide range of concerned professionals (firefighters, managers, engineers, doctors, etc.) are involved in the analysis of their causes.

Introduction. Issues of further development of methods for determining the number of simultaneous fires in populated areas are discussed for the purpose of adjusting water consumption rates for outdoor fire extinguishing. For the period from 2019-2021, statistical data on fires were analyzed taking into account the months of the year, days of the week and time of day. A calculated dependence is proposed to determine the probability of simultaneous fires in a locality, taking into account the period of the year, as well as the values of the number of fires by day of the week and the period of the day. Using the proposed dependence, for each period of the year, calculations of the probability of simultaneous fires by gradations of population in a locality were carried out. The comparison of the calculated data obtained on the number of simultaneous fires with the indicators of body of laws SP 8.13130.2020 "Fire protection systems. Outdoor fire-fighting water supply. Fire safety requirements" (hereinafter – SP 8.13130.2020). Purpose and objectives. The purpose of the study is to study statistical data on fires in populated areas to determine the frequency of their occurrence at certain time intervals. The objective of the study is to develop a calculated dependence for determining the number of simultaneous fires by seasons and gradations of population in a locality. Methods. The methods of mathematical statistics are used in the research. Statistical data on fires for the period from 2019 to 2021 were used as the initial information for calculations. Results and discussion. A comparative comparison of the number of simultaneous fires by seasons of the year showed that their greatest values are recorded in the spring period of the year. The excess, in relation to other periods of the year (summer, autumn, winter) is more than 55 %. Taking into account population gradations, the normative values of the number of simultaneous fires given in SP 8.13130.2020 are significantly smaller than their calculated values. On average, for each period of the year, the normative values are less than the calculated ones by more than 50 %. Conclusions. The study of statistical data and the construction of calculated dependencies describing the probability of simultaneous fires taking into account the seasons of the year shows that there is a problem in a significant discrepancy between the normative values of the indicators given in SP 8.13130.2020 with the calculated values. Which requires a revision of the water consumption standards for outdoor fire-fighting water supply. Keywords: simultaneous fires, season, significance level, water consumption, outdoor fire-fighting water supply, population.

The article is a continuation of the analytical approach to assessment of condition of the occupational health and management system. The risk-oriented approach supposes decision-making and taking measures to ensure labor protection according to the risk value. Such approach is based on the constant analysis of hazards and current risks and regular adjustment of the occupational health and management system. The model uses the Bayesian approach which, on the basis of a priori value of a composite indicator of assessment of occupational health and management system, determines the potential changes of this indicator according to such factors as the hazard level of units of occupational health and management system and complexity of fires or accidents. The value of composite indicator of assessment of the condition of occupational health and management system is found via the method of maximization of a posteriori density of probability. The level of hazard of units of occupational health and management is assessed for groups of units homogenous by their economic activities and functional hazard classes, by the values of injury (fatality) risk for employees. The complexity of fires (accidents) is assessed in accordance with the quantity of equipment units engaged in fire extinguishing or accident elimination. In order to assess the efficiency of occupational health and management system, the Harrington function’s intervals are applied. The boundary values of the function complying with a good, satisfactory and poor efficiency of occupational health and management system are determined. As an example, calculation of a composite indicator of assessment of condition of the occupational health and management system for a fire department is considered. It is demonstrated that considered complexity of fires and the hazard level of fire units may significantly change the assessment of efficiency of the occupational health and management system. The general scheme of adjustment of the assessment of efficiency of occupational health and management system is provided.

Relevance. Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSHMS) should be improved and regularly adjusted based on continuous analysis of hazards and current risks.Intention. Development of approaches to determining the permissible level of risks to the personnel of the Federal Fire Service (FPS) of the EMERCOM of Russia when performing occupational duties.Methodology. Cases of injuries were analyzed in the staff of the FPS when performing occupational duties. Relative frequencies of injuries were calculated in the personnel of the FPS as follows: light damage (the number of days of temporary disability ≤ 3), moderate damage (the number of days of temporary disability from 4 to 30) and severe damage (the number of days of temporary disability more than 30, the onset of disability or death). Associations between injuries in the personnel of the FPS and the complexity of fires were assessed, including amount of the fire extinguishers used.Results and Discussion. It is proposed to allocate two levels of acceptable risk of injury for the personnel of the FPS when performing official duties: the maximum risk and acceptable risk. Estimates of acceptable and maximum risks of injury to personnel of the FPS were obtained using the relative index of the frequency of injuries to personnel: acceptable risk estimates R acceptable = (5 ± 1) • 10–5 and maximum risk estimates Rmaximum = (4,4 ± 0,3) • 10–4. It is proposed to use the values of acceptable risks of personal injury adjusted for the complexity of fires extinguished to assess the effectiveness of the OSHMS in fire protection units. Options for decision-making in the framework of the Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems, depending on the actual level of injury to personnel in the performance of official duties, are considered.Conclusion. The proposed model for assessing the effectiveness of the OSHMS is based on the planning of OSHMS activities depending on the degree of implementation of the OSHMS procedures and the risk of injury to the personnel of the FPS of EMERCOM of Russia in the performance of official activities.

The issues of ensuring fire safety of industrial enterprises using automatic fire alarm systems is discussed in the article. The foreign and Russian experience of conducting assessment of the efficiency of automatic fire alarm systems is analyzed. Despite the improvement of the regulatory framework for automatic fire alarm systems, the creation of new devices and technologies for detecting fire hazards, the problem of improving the reliability of automatic fire alarm systems actuation remains relevant. Using the statistical data of the federal state information system «Federal data bank «Fires», the calculations were made of the efficiency of automatic fire alarm system actuation at the industrial facilities from 2016 to 2020. Various types of industrial objects are considered: industrial buildings; warehouse buildings (structures); buildings, industrial installations. Calculations of the efficiency of automatic fire alarm systems are based on determining the number of cases of implementation of various modes of its operation. The social and material consequences of fires are investigated considering actuation of the automatic fire alarm systems. When calculating the efficiency of automatic fire alarm systems, the belonging of production facilities to a certain type of property, risk category and branch of industry is considered. Studies showed that the highest efficiency is characteristic of production facilities that are in the federal ownership (90.9 %) and grows up with an increase in the risk category of the object of protection. Thus, for industrial facilities assigned to the category of high risk, the efficiency of automatic fire alarm system actuation for the period from 2016 to 2020 is 92.3 %. By the type of industry, the lowest efficiency of automatic fire alarm system actuation is observed at the fuel industry (62 %), as well as at the construction and shipbuilding enterprises (75 %).

Introduction. The change in the speed of the fire and rescue subdivisions to the place of call, depending on the time of day, is studied. The study is related to the determination of the locations of fire departments. Goals and objectives. The study of the parameters of the rapid response of fire and rescue units was carried out. For cities of the Russian Federation with a population of more than 1 million inhabitants of the Russian Federation for the period 2019-2021, statistical distributions by hours of the day of the number of trips to fires of fire and rescue units, the speed of mobile vehicles, the time of travel to the place of call are constructed. The share of departures for which the arrival time of the first fire and rescue unit exceeds the standard value established by Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ is determined. Results and discussion. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the maximum value of the speed of following fire and rescue units is observed in the daytime from 10 to 15 hours - 34 km/h, the minimum value is reached at night during the period from 1 to 3 hours - 31 km/h. A study of the parameters of the functioning of fire and rescue units in cities with a population of more than 1 million inhabitants showed that the operational load on fire and rescue units in the daytime increases significantly, which can lead to an adjustment of the plan for attracting forces and resources, when, when a call is received, the guard on duty will be already busy serving another call. These circumstances lead to an increase in the travel time of fire and rescue divisions. As a result, the share of calls for which 123-FZ norms are not met is increasing. The share of such trips during the daytime increases to 18 % versus 8-10 % at night. Conclusions. When determining the locations of fire and rescue units, it is necessary to take into account peak loads that occur during the day. Keywords: fire and rescue subdivisions, speed of following, time of following, area of normative service, composition of forces and means

Introduction. The issues of the operability of fire alarm systems at housing facilities are considered. Regulatory requirements and the results of scientific research on the functioning of these systems are analyzed. The results of assessments of the effectiveness of fire alarm systems actuation at housing facilities are presented, taking into account their characteristics for the period from 2016 to 2020. Goal and objectives. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of fire alarm systems in houses and apartment buildings. The objective of the study is to identify the features of the functioning of fire alarm systems at housing facilities, taking into account their characteristics. Methods. Two options for assessing the effectiveness of fire alarm systems are considered. The first one is based on identification of the number of cases of implementation of various modes of functioning of fire alarm systems. The second one is based on taking into account the social consequences of fires. Results and discussion. Evaluation of the operability of fire alarm systems showed that the efficiency of fire alarm systems for houses is 83,1 %, for apartment buildings - 75,7 % on average, for the period from 2016 to 2020. At the same time, the highest value of the response efficiency (86,4 %) is observed for apartment buildings with more than 25 floors and for houses of I degree of fire resistance (82,4 %). The number of people injured in fires per one fire for houses is much less in conditions when the fire alarm systems operated signaled (0,4 people per fire) compared to conditions when these systems did not fulfill their task (0,75 people per fire). Conclusion. Compared to the period 2005-2012, the effectiveness of fire alarm systems in the residential sector has increased significantly. On average, the level of performance by fire alarm systems was 83,1 % for houses and for apartment buildings - 75,7 % for the period from 2016 to 2020. Keywords: fire, housing stock, houses and apartment buildings, fire alarm, operability, efficiency, number of storeys, fire resistance, statistical data, fire accounting card

Introduction. A mathematical model is presented for assigning protection objects to certain risk categories in the field of fire safety. The model is based on the concepts of the probability of adverse effects of fires causing harm (damage) of various extent and severity to the life or health of citizens, and the acceptable risk of harm (damage) from fires. Goals and objectives. The purpose of the study is to develop the procedure for assigning protection objects to a certain category of risk of harm (damage) based on estimates of the probability of fires with the corresponding severity consequences, to determine the acceptable level of risk of harm (damage) due to the fires, to calculate and develop numerical values of criteria for assigning objects of protection to the appropriate risk categories. Methods. The boundaries of the intervals corresponding to certain risk categories are determined by dividing the logarithmic scale of severity of adverse effects of fires into equal segments. Classification methods are used to assign objects of protection to a specific risk category. Results and discussion. Based on the level of severity of potential negative consequences of a fire, risk categories were determined for groups of protection objects that are homogeneous by type of economic activity and by functional fire hazard classes. The risk category for each individual object of protection is proposed to be determined using the so-called index of "identification of a controlled person" within a group of objects that are homogeneous by type of economic activity and class of functional fire hazard. Depending on the risk category, the periodicity of planned control and supervision measures in relation to the specific object of protection under consideration is determined, taking into account its socio-economic characteristics and the state of compliance with fire safety requirements by the controlled person. Conclusions. To develop criteria for classifying protection objects that are homogeneous in terms of economic activity and functional fire hazard classes, the probability of negative consequences of fires, that are causing harm (damage) of various extent and severity to the life or health of citizens, and the acceptable risk of causing harm (damage) as a result of fires, is used. The risk category for each individual object of protection is determined taking into account socio-economic characteristics of the object that affect the level of ensuring its fire safety, as well as the criteriaof integrity of the subordinate person that characterize the probability of non-compliance with mandatory fire safety requirements at the object of protection. Calculations are made and numerical values of criteria for assigning protection objects that are homogeneous in terms of economic activity and functional fire hazard classes to a certain category of risk are proposed. Key words: object of protection, probability of fire, acceptable level of risk, risk category, dangerous factor of fire, death and injury of people.

Relevance. Russia has high mortality rates in general and among the working-age population, with dominating effects of external causes.Intention– To study rates and structures of the medical-statistical indicators of mortality due to diseases and the effects of external causes in the employees of the State Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia over 20 years from 1996 to 2015.Methods.Annual population under study averaged (108.8 ± 6.2) thousand people, or about 80% of all the employees of the State Fire Service of Russia who had special military ranks. Operating staff comprised 53.4%, other employees – 46.6%. Mortality rates were calculated per 100 thousand employees of the State Fire Service of Russia. Data on the mortality of working-age men in Russia was obtained on the website of the Federal Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat) [http://www.gks.ru/]. The unification of accounting and analysis of indicators was achieved using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, the 10th revision (ICD-10). Results and Discussion. Mortality rate among employees of the State Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia in 1996–2015 was (116.9 ± 5.7) deaths per 100 thousand employees per year vs 11 times higher mortality rate among the working-age male population of Russia: (1063.9 ± 33.7) deaths per 100 thousand men (p < 0.001). The mean age of the deceased employees of the State Fire Service of Russia was (44.5 ± 0.3) years, with overall mean age (36.9 ± 1.6) years (p < 0.001). The leading causes of death among employees of the State Fire Service of Russia (from more to less significant) were injuries and other effects of external causes (ICD-10 chapter XIX), diseases of the circulatory system (chapter IX) and neoplasms (II), diseases of the digestive system (XI) and diseases of the respiratory system (X). Mortality rates from these causes per 100 thousand employees per year amounted to (63.3 ± 33.7), (32.6 ± 2.7), (7.1 ± 0.6), (5.3 ± 1.0) and (5.0 ± 0.9) deaths; in cause-of-death structure – 54.2, 27.9, 6.0, 4.5 and 4.3%, respectively. The mortality rate from suicide among working-age Russian men was 6.4 times higher than that of firefighters – (66.0 ± 4.1) and (10.3 ± 1.1) deaths per 100 thousand men, respectively. However, in the overall cause-of-death structure, this cause accounted for a larger share in employ ees of the Russian State Fire Service (6.2 vs 8.8%). Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found when comparing occupational fatalities among the operating personnel of the State Fire Service of Russia and working population in Russia: (14.9 ±1.4) deaths per 100 thousand employees per year vs (11.6 ± 0.7) deaths per 100 thousand workers per year. Mortality rates of firefighters were calculated in the Federal districts and regions of Russia. For a number of causes of death in firefighters, there is a significant contribution of occupational factors, which require further research.Conclusion.There is a low alertness for identifying neoplasms and crisis conditions in firefighters. Focusing on the leading diseases, behavioral disorders, prevention of injuries, poisoning and other effects of external causes will improve health and reduce mortality of employees of the State Fire Service of Russia.Authors declare the absence of existing and potential conflicts of interest concerning the article publication.