24 results on '"Kondor, Rebecca J."'
Search Results
2. Multicountry Spread of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses with Reduced Oseltamivir Inhibition, May 2023–February 2024
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Patel, Mira C., primary, Nguyen, Ha T., additional, Pascua, Philippe Noriel Q., additional, Gao, Rongyuan, additional, Steel, John, additional, Kondor, Rebecca J., additional, and Gubareva, Larisa V., additional
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- 2024
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3. An updated framework for SARS-CoV-2 variants reflects the unpredictability of viral evolution
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Subissi, Lorenzo, primary, Otieno, James Richard, additional, Worp, Nathalie, additional, Attar Cohen, Homa, additional, Oude Munnink, Bas B., additional, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., additional, Alm, Erik, additional, Barakat, Amal, additional, Barclay, Wendy S., additional, Bhiman, Jinal N., additional, Caly, Leon, additional, Chand, Meera, additional, Chen, Mark, additional, Cullinane, Ann, additional, de Oliveira, Tulio, additional, Drosten, Christian, additional, Druce, Julian, additional, Effler, Paul, additional, El Masry, Ihab, additional, Faye, Adama, additional, Ghedin, Elodie, additional, Grant, Rebecca, additional, Haagmans, Bart L., additional, Happi, Christian, additional, Herring, Belinda L., additional, Hodcroft, Emma B., additional, Ikejezie, Juniorcaius, additional, Katawera, Victoria, additional, Kassamali, Zyleen Alnashir, additional, Leo, Yee-Sin, additional, Leung, Gabriel M., additional, Kondor, Rebecca J., additional, Marklewitz, Marco, additional, Mendez-Rico, Jairo, additional, Melhem, Nada M., additional, Munster, Vincent, additional, Nahapetyan, Karen, additional, Naindoo, Dhamari, additional, Oh, Djin-Ye, additional, Peacock, Thomas P., additional, Peiris, Malik, additional, Peng, Zhibin, additional, Poon, Leo L. M., additional, Rambaut, Andrew, additional, Saha, Senjuti, additional, Shen, Yinzhong, additional, Siqueira, Marilda M., additional, Volz, Erik, additional, Tessema, Sofonias K., additional, Thiel, Volker, additional, Triki, Henda, additional, van der Werf, Sylvie, additional, von Eije, Karin, additional, Cunningham, Jane, additional, Koopmans, Marion P. G., additional, von Gottberg, Anne, additional, Agrawal, Anurag, additional, and Van Kerkhove, Maria D., additional
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- 2024
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4. Antigenic Characterization of Circulating and Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants in the U.S. throughout the Delta to Omicron Waves
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Di, Han, primary, Pusch, Elizabeth A., additional, Jones, Joyce, additional, Kovacs, Nicholas A., additional, Hassell, Norman, additional, Sheth, Mili, additional, Lynn, Kelly Sabrina, additional, Keller, Matthew W., additional, Wilson, Malania M., additional, Keong, Lisa M., additional, Cui, Dan, additional, Park, So Hee, additional, Chau, Reina, additional, Lacek, Kristine A., additional, Liddell, Jimma D., additional, Kirby, Marie K., additional, Yang, Genyan, additional, Johnson, Monique, additional, Thor, Sharmi, additional, Zanders, Natosha, additional, Feng, Chenchen, additional, Surie, Diya, additional, DeCuir, Jennifer, additional, Lester, Sandra N., additional, Atherton, Lydia, additional, Hicks, Heather, additional, Tamin, Azaibi, additional, Harcourt, Jennifer L., additional, Coughlin, Melissa M., additional, Self, Wesley H., additional, Rhoads, Jillian P., additional, Gibbs, Kevin W., additional, Hager, David N., additional, Shapiro, Nathan I., additional, Exline, Matthew C., additional, Lauring, Adam S., additional, Rambo-Martin, Benjamin, additional, Paden, Clinton R., additional, Kondor, Rebecca J., additional, Lee, Justin S., additional, Barnes, John R., additional, Thornburg, Natalie J., additional, Zhou, Bin, additional, Wentworth, David E., additional, and Davis, Charles Todd, additional
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- 2024
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5. An early warning system for emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants
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Subissi, Lorenzo, von Gottberg, Anne, Thukral, Lipi, Worp, Nathalie, Oude Munnink, Bas B., Rathore, Surabhi, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Aguilera, Ximena, Alm, Erik, Archer, Brett N., Attar Cohen, Homa, Barakat, Amal, Barclay, Wendy S., Bhiman, Jinal N., Caly, Leon, Chand, Meera, Chen, Mark, Cullinane, Ann, de Oliveira, Tulio, Drosten, Christian, Druce, Julian, Effler, Paul, El Masry, Ihab, Faye, Adama, Gaseitsiwe, Simani, Ghedin, Elodie, Grant, Rebecca, Haagmans, Bart L., Herring, Belinda L., Iyer, Shilpa S., Kassamali, Zyleen, Kakkar, Manish, Kondor, Rebecca J., Leite, Juliana A., Leo, Yee-Sin, Leung, Gabriel M., Marklewitz, Marco, Moyo, Sikhulile, Mendez-Rico, Jairo, Melhem, Nada M., Munster, Vincent, Nahapetyan, Karen, Oh, Djin-Ye, Pavlin, Boris I., Peacock, Thomas P., Peiris, Malik, Peng, Zhibin, Poon, Leo L. M., Rambaut, Andrew, Sacks, Jilian, Shen, Yinzhong, Siqueira, Marilda M., Tessema, Sofonias K., Volz, Erik M., Thiel, Volker, van der Werf, Sylvie, Briand, Sylvie, Perkins, Mark D., Van Kerkhove, Maria D., Koopmans, Marion P. G., and Agrawal, Anurag
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- 2022
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6. An optimized cell-based assay to assess influenza virus replication by measuring neuraminidase activity and its applications for virological surveillance
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Patel, Mira C., Flanigan, Daniel, Feng, Chenchen, Chesnokov, Anton, Nguyen, Ha T., Elal, Anwar Abd, Steel, John, Kondor, Rebecca J., Wentworth, David E., Gubareva, Larisa V., and Mishin, Vasiliy P.
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- 2022
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7. Multiplex Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR for Influenza A Virus, Influenza B Virus, and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
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Shu, Bo, Kirby, Marie K., Davis, William G., Warnes, Christine, Liddell, Jimma, Liu, Ji, Wu, Kai-Hui, Hassell, Norman, Benitez, Alvaro J., Wilson, Malania M., Keller, Matthew W., Rambo-Martin, Benjamin L., Camara, Yamundow, Winter, Jorn, Kondor, Rebecca J., Zhou, Bin, Spies, Stacey, Rose, Laura E., Winchell, Jonas M., Limbago, Brandi M., Wentworth, David E., and Barnes, John R.
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Influenza -- Diagnosis ,Molecular diagnostic techniques -- Usage ,Polymerase chain reaction -- Usage ,Health - Abstract
An outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China, was reported to the World Health Organization on December 31, 2019 (1). Researchers determined that the illness, later known as [...]
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- 2021
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8. Interim Estimates of 2019–20 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness — United States, February 2020
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Dawood, Fatimah S., Chung, Jessie R., Kim, Sara S., Zimmerman, Richard K., Nowalk, Mary Patricia, Jackson, Michael L., Jackson, Lisa A., Monto, Arnold S., Martin, Emily T., Belongia, Edward A., McLean, Huong Q., Gaglani, Manjusha, Dunnigan, Kayan, Foust, Angie, Sessions, Wendy, DaSilva, Juliana, Le, Shoshona, Stark, Thomas, Kondor, Rebecca J., Barnes, John R., Wentworth, David E., Brammer, Lynnette, Fry, Alicia M., Patel, Manish M., and Flannery, Brendan
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- 2020
9. Targeted amplification and genetic sequencing of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 surface glycoprotein
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Keller, Matthew W., primary, Keong, Lisa M., additional, Rambo-Martin, Benjamin L., additional, Hassell, Norman, additional, Lacek, Kristine A., additional, Wilson, Malania M., additional, Kirby, Marie K., additional, Liddell, Jimma, additional, Owuor, D. Collins, additional, Sheth, Mili, additional, Madden, Joseph, additional, Lee, Justin S., additional, Kondor, Rebecca J., additional, Wentworth, David E., additional, and Barnes, John R., additional
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- 2023
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10. Targeted Amplification and Genetic Sequencing of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Surface Glycoprotein
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Keller, Matthew W, primary, Keong, Lisa M, additional, Rambo-Martin, Benjamin L, additional, Hassell, Norman, additional, Lacek, Kristine, additional, Wilson, Malania M, additional, Kirby, Marie K, additional, Liddell, Jimma, additional, Owuor, D Collins, additional, Sheth, Mili, additional, Madden, Joseph, additional, Lee, Justin S, additional, Kondor, Rebecca J, additional, Wentworth, David E, additional, and Barnes, John R, additional
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- 2023
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11. Bivalent mRNA vaccine improves antibody-mediated neutralization of many SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage variants
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Jiang, Nannan, primary, Wang, Li, additional, Hatta, Masato, additional, Feng, Chenchen, additional, Currier, Michael, additional, Lin, Xudong, additional, Hossain, Jaber, additional, Cui, Dan, additional, Mann, Brian R., additional, Kovacs, Nicholas A., additional, Wang, Wei, additional, Atteberry, Ginger, additional, Wilson, Malania, additional, Chau, Reina, additional, Lacek, Kristine A., additional, Paden, Clinton R., additional, Hassell, Norman, additional, Rambo-Martin, Benjamin, additional, Barnes, John R., additional, Kondor, Rebecca J., additional, Self, Wesley H., additional, Rhoads, Jillian P., additional, Baughman, Adrienne, additional, Chappell, James D., additional, Shapiro, Nathan I., additional, Gibbs, Kevin W., additional, Hager, David N., additional, Lauring, Adam S., additional, Surie, Diya, additional, McMorrow, Meredith L., additional, Thornburg, Natalie J., additional, Wentworth, David E., additional, and Zhou, Bin, additional
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- 2023
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12. Interim Estimates of 2021-22 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness--United States, February 2022
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Chung, Jessie R., Kim, Sara S., Kondor, Rebecca J., Smith, Catherine, Budd, Alicia P., Tartof, Sara Y., Florea, Ana, Talbot, H. Keipp, Grijalva, Carlos G., Wernli, Karen J., Phillips, C. Hallie, Monto, Arnold S., Martin, Emily T., Belongia, Edward A., McLean, Huong Q., Gaglani, Manjusha, Reis, Michael, Geffel, Krissy Moehling, Nowalk, Mary Patricia, DaSilva, Juliana, Keong, Lisa M., Stark, Thomas J., Barnes, John R., Wentworth, David E., Brammer, Lynnette, Burns, Erin, Fry, Alicia M., Patel, Manish M., and Flannery, Brendan
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Medical research ,Medicine, Experimental ,Vaccination ,Influenza vaccines ,Influenza ,Health - Abstract
In the United States, annual vaccination against seasonal influenza is recommended for all persons aged >6 months except when contraindicated (1). Currently available influenza vaccines are designed to protect against [...]
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- 2022
13. Genomic Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 Variants Circulating in the United States, December 2020-May 2021
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Paul, Prabasaj, France, Anne Marie, Aoki, Yutaka, Batra, Dhwani, Biggerstaff, Matthew, Dugan, Vivien, Galloway, Summer, Hall, Aron J., Johansson, Michael A., Kondor, Rebecca J., Halpin, Alison Laufer, Lee, Brian, Lee, Justin S., Limbago, Brandi, MacNeil, Adam, MacCannell, Duncan, Paden, Clinton R., Queen, Krista, Reese, Heather E., Retchless, Adam C., Slayton, Rachel B., Steele, Molly, Tong, Suxiang, Walters, Maroya S., Wentworth, David E., and Silk, Benjamin J.
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United States. Department of Health and Human Services ,Disease transmission -- Health aspects ,Vaccines -- Health aspects ,Health - Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is constantly mutating, leading to new variants (1). Variants have the potential to affect transmission, disease severity, diagnostics, therapeutics, and natural and vaccine-induced immunity. [...]
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- 2021
14. Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Hospitalization in the United States, 2019-2020.
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Tenforde, Mark W, Talbot, H Keipp, Trabue, Christopher H, Gaglani, Manjusha, McNeal, Tresa M, Monto, Arnold S, Martin, Emily T, Zimmerman, Richard K, Silveira, Fernanda P, Middleton, Donald B, Olson, Samantha M, Kondor, Rebecca J Garten, Barnes, John R, Ferdinands, Jill M, Patel, Manish M, Investigators, Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN), Silveira, Fernanda, Garten Kondor, Rebecca J, HAIVEN Investigators, and Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN) Investigators
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INFLUENZA ,FLU vaccine efficacy ,VACCINE effectiveness ,HOSPITAL care ,INFLUENZA vaccines ,INFLUENZA A virus, H1N1 subtype - Abstract
Background: Influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality and stresses hospital resources during periods of increased circulation. We evaluated the effectiveness of the 2019-2020 influenza vaccine against influenza-associated hospitalization in the United States.Methods: We included adults hospitalized with acute respiratory illness at 14 hospitals and tested for influenza viruses by reserve-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated by comparing the odds of current-season influenza vaccination in test-positive influenza cases vs test-negative controls, adjusting for confounders. VE was stratified by age and major circulating influenza types along with A(H1N1)pdm09 genetic subgroups.Results: A total of 3116 participants were included, including 18% (n = 553) influenza-positive cases. Median age was 63 years. Sixty-seven percent (n = 2079) received vaccination. Overall adjusted VE against influenza viruses was 41% (95% confidence interval [CI], 27%-52%). VE against A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses was 40% (95% CI, 24%-53%) and 33% against B viruses (95% CI, 0-56%). Of the 2 major A(H1N1)pdm09 subgroups (representing 90% of sequenced H1N1 viruses), VE against one group (5A + 187A,189E) was 59% (95% CI, 34%-75%) whereas no VE was observed against the other group (5A + 156K) (-1% [95% CI, -61% to 37%]).Conclusions: In a primarily older population, influenza vaccination was associated with a 41% reduction in risk of hospitalized influenza illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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15. Effect of Antigenic Drift on Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the United States—2019–2020
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Tenforde, Mark W, primary, Kondor, Rebecca J Garten, additional, Chung, Jessie R, additional, Zimmerman, Richard K, additional, Nowalk, Mary Patricia, additional, Jackson, Michael L, additional, Jackson, Lisa A, additional, Monto, Arnold S, additional, Martin, Emily T, additional, Belongia, Edward A, additional, McLean, Huong Q, additional, Gaglani, Manjusha, additional, Rao, Arundhati, additional, Kim, Sara S, additional, Stark, Thomas J, additional, Barnes, John R, additional, Wentworth, David E, additional, Patel, Manish M, additional, and Flannery, Brendan, additional
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- 2020
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16. Spread of Antigenically Drifted Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses and Vaccine Effectiveness in the United States During the 2018–2019 Season
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Flannery, Brendan, primary, Kondor, Rebecca J Garten, primary, Chung, Jessie R, primary, Gaglani, Manjusha, primary, Reis, Michael, primary, Zimmerman, Richard K, primary, Nowalk, Mary Patricia, primary, Jackson, Michael L, primary, Jackson, Lisa A, primary, Monto, Arnold S, primary, Martin, Emily T, primary, Belongia, Edward A, primary, McLean, Huong Q, primary, Kim, Sara S, primary, Blanton, Lenee, primary, Kniss, Krista, primary, Budd, Alicia P, primary, Brammer, Lynnette, primary, Stark, Thomas J, primary, Barnes, John R, primary, Wentworth, David E, primary, Fry, Alicia M, primary, and Patel, Manish, primary
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- 2019
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17. Effect of Antigenic Drift on Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the United States—2019–2020.
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Tenforde, Mark W, Kondor, Rebecca J Garten, Chung, Jessie R, Zimmerman, Richard K, Nowalk, Mary Patricia, Jackson, Michael L, Jackson, Lisa A, Monto, Arnold S, Martin, Emily T, Belongia, Edward A, McLean, Huong Q, Gaglani, Manjusha, Rao, Arundhati, Kim, Sara S, Stark, Thomas J, Barnes, John R, Wentworth, David E, Patel, Manish M, and Flannery, Brendan
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INFLUENZA vaccines , *REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction , *CLINICAL trials , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *INFLUENZA A virus, H1N1 subtype , *PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
Background At the start of the 2019–2020 influenza season, concern arose that circulating B/Victoria viruses of the globally emerging clade V1A.3 were antigenically drifted from the strain included in the vaccine. Intense B/Victoria activity was followed by circulation of genetically diverse A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses that were also antigenically drifted. We measured vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the United States against illness from these emerging viruses. Methods We enrolled outpatients aged ≥6 months with acute respiratory illness at 5 sites. Respiratory specimens were tested for influenza by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Using the test-negative design, we determined influenza VE by virus subtype/lineage and genetic subclades by comparing odds of vaccination in influenza cases versus test-negative controls. Results Among 8845 enrollees, 2722 (31%) tested positive for influenza, including 1209 (44%) for B/Victoria and 1405 (51%) for A(H1N1)pdm09. Effectiveness against any influenza illness was 39% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32–44), 45% (95% CI: 37–52) against B/Victoria and 30% (95% CI: 21–39) against A(H1N1)pdm09-associated illness. Vaccination offered no protection against A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses with antigenically drifted clade 6B.1A 183P-5A+156K HA genes (VE 7%; 95% CI: –14 to 23%) which predominated after January. Conclusions Vaccination provided protection against influenza illness, mainly due to infections from B/Victoria viruses. Vaccine protection against illness from A(H1N1)pdm09 was lower than historically observed effectiveness of 40%–60%, due to late-season vaccine mismatch following emergence of antigenically drifted viruses. The effect of drift on vaccine protection is not easy to predict and, even in drifted years, significant protection can be observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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18. Multiplex Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR for Influenza A Virus, Influenza B Virus, and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.
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Bo Shu, Kirby, Marie K., Davis, William G., Warnes, Christine, Liddell, Jimma, Ji Liu, Kai-Hui Wu, Hassell, Norman, Benitez, Alvaro J., Wilson, Malania M., Keller, Matthew W., Rambo-Martin, Benjamin L., Camara, Yamundow, Winter, Jörn, Kondor, Rebecca J., Bin Zhou, Spies, Stacey, Rose, Laura E., Winchell, Jonas M., and Limbago, Brandi M.
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INFLUENZA B virus ,INFLUENZA viruses ,INFLUENZA A virus ,COVID-19 ,INFLUENZA ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late 2019, and the outbreak rapidly evolved into the current coronavirus disease pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is a respiratory virus that causes symptoms similar to those caused by influenza A and B viruses. On July 2, 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration granted emergency use authorization for in vitro diagnostic use of the Influenza SARS-CoV-2 Multiplex Assay. This assay detects influenza A virus at 102.0, influenza B virus at 102.2, and SARS-CoV-2 at 100.3 50% tissue culture or egg infectious dose, or as few as 5 RNA copies/reaction. The simultaneous detection and differentiation of these 3 major pathogens increases overall testing capacity, conserves resources, identifies co-infections, and enables efficient surveillance of influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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19. Spread of Antigenically Drifted Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses and Vaccine Effectiveness in the United States During the 2018-2019 Season.
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Flannery, Brendan, Kondor, Rebecca J Garten, Chung, Jessie R, Gaglani, Manjusha, Reis, Michael, Zimmerman, Richard K, Nowalk, Mary Patricia, Jackson, Michael L, Jackson, Lisa A, Monto, Arnold S, Martin, Emily T, Belongia, Edward A, McLean, Huong Q, Kim, Sara S, Blanton, Lenee, Kniss, Krista, Budd, Alicia P, Brammer, Lynnette, Stark, Thomas J, and Barnes, John R
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VACCINE effectiveness , *VIRAL vaccines , *INFLUENZA , *INFLUENZA vaccines , *INFLUENZA viruses - Abstract
Background: Increased illness due to antigenically drifted A(H3N2) clade 3C.3a influenza viruses prompted concerns about vaccine effectiveness (VE) and vaccine strain selection. We used US virologic surveillance and US Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness (Flu VE) Network data to evaluate consequences of this clade.Methods: Distribution of influenza viruses was described using virologic surveillance data. The Flu VE Network enrolled ambulatory care patients aged ≥6 months with acute respiratory illness at 5 sites. Respiratory specimens were tested for influenza by means of reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and were sequenced. Using a test-negative design, we estimated VE, comparing the odds of influenza among vaccinated versus unvaccinated participants.Results: During the 2018-2019 influenza season, A(H3N2) clade 3C.3a viruses caused an increasing proportion of influenza cases. Among 2763 Flu VE Network case patients, 1325 (48%) were infected with A(H1N1)pdm09 and 1350 (49%) with A(H3N2); clade 3C.3a accounted for 977 (93%) of 1054 sequenced A(H3N2) viruses. VE was 44% (95% confidence interval, 37%-51%) against A(H1N1)pdm09 and 9% (-4% to 20%) against A(H3N2); VE was 5% (-10% to 19%) against A(H3N2) clade 3C.3a viruses.Conclusions: The predominance of A(H3N2) clade 3C.3a viruses during the latter part of the 2018-2019 season was associated with decreased VE, supporting the A(H3N2) vaccine component update for 2019-2020 northern hemisphere influenza vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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20. Targeted amplification and genetic sequencing of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 surface glycoprotein.
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Keller MW, Keong LM, Rambo-Martin BL, Hassell N, Lacek KA, Wilson MM, Kirby MK, Liddell J, Owuor DC, Sheth M, Madden J, Lee JS, Kondor RJ, Wentworth DE, and Barnes JR
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- Humans, SARS-CoV-2 genetics, Pandemics, Membrane Glycoproteins, COVID-19 epidemiology, Vaccines
- Abstract
Importance: The COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by an unprecedented surveillance effort. The resulting data were and will continue to be critical for surveillance and control of SARS-CoV-2. However, some genomic surveillance methods experienced challenges as the virus evolved, resulting in incomplete and poor quality data. Complete and quality coverage, especially of the S-gene, is important for supporting the selection of vaccine candidates. As such, we developed a robust method to target the S-gene for amplification and sequencing. By focusing on the S-gene and imposing strict coverage and quality metrics, we hope to increase the quality of surveillance data for this continually evolving gene. Our technique is currently being deployed globally to partner laboratories, and public health representatives from 79 countries have received hands-on training and support. Expanding access to quality surveillance methods will undoubtedly lead to earlier detection of novel variants and better inform vaccine strain selection., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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- 2024
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21. Interim Estimates of 2021-22 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness - United States, February 2022.
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Chung JR, Kim SS, Kondor RJ, Smith C, Budd AP, Tartof SY, Florea A, Talbot HK, Grijalva CG, Wernli KJ, Phillips CH, Monto AS, Martin ET, Belongia EA, McLean HQ, Gaglani M, Reis M, Geffel KM, Nowalk MP, DaSilva J, Keong LM, Stark TJ, Barnes JR, Wentworth DE, Brammer L, Burns E, Fry AM, Patel MM, and Flannery B
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype immunology, Influenza B virus immunology, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance, Seasons, United States epidemiology, Vaccination, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype immunology, Influenza A virus immunology, Influenza Vaccines administration & dosage, Influenza, Human prevention & control, Vaccine Efficacy
- Abstract
In the United States, annual vaccination against seasonal influenza is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months except when contraindicated (1). Currently available influenza vaccines are designed to protect against four influenza viruses: A(H1N1)pdm09 (the 2009 pandemic virus), A(H3N2), B/Victoria lineage, and B/Yamagata lineage. Most influenza viruses detected this season have been A(H3N2) (2). With the exception of the 2020-21 season, when data were insufficient to generate an estimate, CDC has estimated the effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine at preventing laboratory-confirmed, mild/moderate (outpatient) medically attended acute respiratory infection (ARI) each season since 2004-05. This interim report uses data from 3,636 children and adults with ARI enrolled in the U.S. Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network during October 4, 2021-February 12, 2022. Overall, vaccine effectiveness (VE) against medically attended outpatient ARI associated with influenza A(H3N2) virus was 16% (95% CI = -16% to 39%), which is considered not statistically significant. This analysis indicates that influenza vaccination did not reduce the risk for outpatient medically attended illness with influenza A(H3N2) viruses that predominated so far this season. Enrollment was insufficient to generate reliable VE estimates by age group or by type of influenza vaccine product (1). CDC recommends influenza antiviral medications as an adjunct to vaccination; the potential public health benefit of antiviral medications is magnified in the context of reduced influenza VE. CDC routinely recommends that health care providers continue to administer influenza vaccine to persons aged ≥6 months as long as influenza viruses are circulating, even when VE against one virus is reduced, because vaccine can prevent serious outcomes (e.g., hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, or death) that are associated with influenza A(H3N2) virus infection and might protect against other influenza viruses that could circulate later in the season., Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. Ana Florea reports unrelated institutional grant support for research from Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, Moderna, and Pfizer. Carlos G. Grijalva reports consulting fees from Merck, Pfizer, and Sanofi Pasteur, and institutional grant support from the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality, Campbell Alliance/Syneos Health, the Food and Drug Administration, and the National Institutes of Health. Emily T. Martin reports institutional grant support from Merck. Arnold S. Monto reports personal fees from Sanofi and nonfinancial support from Seqirus. Mary Patricia Nowalk reports unrelated institutional grant support and personal fees from Merck Sharp & Dohme and institutional investigator-initiated grant support from Sanofi Pasteur. Sara Y. Tartof reports unrelated institutional grant support from Pfizer and GlaxoSmithKline. David E. Wentworth reports institutional grant support from Seqirus for a cooperative research and development agreement on isolation and propagation of influenza viruses in qualified manufacturing cell lines and patents 10,030,231 (influenza reassortment) and 10,272,149 (modified bat influenza viruses and their uses). No other potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
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- 2022
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22. Genomic Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 Variants Circulating in the United States, December 2020-May 2021.
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Paul P, France AM, Aoki Y, Batra D, Biggerstaff M, Dugan V, Galloway S, Hall AJ, Johansson MA, Kondor RJ, Halpin AL, Lee B, Lee JS, Limbago B, MacNeil A, MacCannell D, Paden CR, Queen K, Reese HE, Retchless AC, Slayton RB, Steele M, Tong S, Walters MS, Wentworth DE, and Silk BJ
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- COVID-19 epidemiology, Epidemiological Monitoring, Humans, SARS-CoV-2 isolation & purification, United States epidemiology, COVID-19 virology, SARS-CoV-2 genetics
- Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is constantly mutating, leading to new variants (1). Variants have the potential to affect transmission, disease severity, diagnostics, therapeutics, and natural and vaccine-induced immunity. In November 2020, CDC established national surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 variants using genomic sequencing. As of May 6, 2021, sequences from 177,044 SARS-CoV-2-positive specimens collected during December 20, 2020-May 6, 2021, from 55 U.S. jurisdictions had been generated by or reported to CDC. These included 3,275 sequences for the 2-week period ending January 2, 2021, compared with 25,000 sequences for the 2-week period ending April 24, 2021 (0.1% and 3.1% of reported positive SARS-CoV-2 tests, respectively). Because sequences might be generated by multiple laboratories and sequence availability varies both geographically and over time, CDC developed statistical weighting and variance estimation methods to generate population-based estimates of the proportions of identified variants among SARS-CoV-2 infections circulating nationwide and in each of the 10 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) geographic regions.* During the 2-week period ending April 24, 2021, the B.1.1.7 and P.1 variants represented an estimated 66.0% and 5.0% of U.S. SARS-CoV-2 infections, respectively, demonstrating the rise to predominance of the B.1.1.7 variant of concern
† (VOC) and emergence of the P.1 VOC in the United States. Using SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance methods to analyze surveillance data produces timely population-based estimates of the proportions of variants circulating nationally and regionally. Surveillance findings demonstrate the potential for new variants to emerge and become predominant, and the importance of robust genomic surveillance. Along with efforts to characterize the clinical and public health impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants, surveillance can help guide interventions to control the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States., Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.- Published
- 2021
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23. Detection of baloxavir resistant influenza A viruses using next generation sequencing and pyrosequencing methods.
- Author
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Patel MC, Mishin VP, De La Cruz JA, Chesnokov A, Nguyen HT, Wilson MM, Barnes J, Kondor RJG, Wentworth DE, and Gubareva LV
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Substitution, Animals, Dogs, Genome, Viral, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Influenza A virus classification, Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells, Virus Replication drug effects, Antiviral Agents pharmacology, Dibenzothiepins pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Viral genetics, Influenza A virus drug effects, Influenza A virus genetics, Morpholines pharmacology, Pyridones pharmacology, Triazines pharmacology
- Abstract
Baloxavir, a new antiviral drug targeting cap-dependent endonuclease activity of polymerase acidic (PA) protein of influenza viruses, is now approved in multiple countries. Several substitutions at isoleucine 38 in PA protein (e.g., PA-I38T) have been associated with decreased baloxavir susceptibility in vitro and in vivo. In recent years, next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis and pyrosequencing have been used by CDC and U.S. Public Health Laboratories to monitor drug susceptibility of influenza viruses. Here we described an improved pyrosequencing assay for detecting influenza A viruses carrying substitutions at PA-38. Cyclic and customized orders of nucleotide dispensation were evaluated, and pyrosequencing results were compared to those generated using NGS. Our data showed that the customized nucleotide dispensation has improved the pyrosequencing assay performance in identification of double mixtures (e.g., PA-38I/T); however, identification of PA-38 variants in triple mixtures remains a challenge. While NGS analysis indicated the presence of PA-I38K in one clinical specimen and isolate, our attempts to detect this mutation by pyrosequencing or recover the virus carrying PA-I38K in cell culture were unsuccessful, raising a possibility of a rarely occurring sequencing error. Overall, pyrosequencing provides a convenient means to detect baloxavir resistant influenza viruses when NGS is unavailable or a faster turnaround time is required., (Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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24. Interim Estimates of 2019-20 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness - United States, February 2020.
- Author
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Dawood FS, Chung JR, Kim SS, Zimmerman RK, Nowalk MP, Jackson ML, Jackson LA, Monto AS, Martin ET, Belongia EA, McLean HQ, Gaglani M, Dunnigan K, Foust A, Sessions W, DaSilva J, Le S, Stark T, Kondor RJ, Barnes JR, Wentworth DE, Brammer L, Fry AM, Patel MM, and Flannery B
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Influenza Vaccines immunology, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Influenza, Human virology, Male, Middle Aged, Seasons, United States epidemiology, Young Adult, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype isolation & purification, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype isolation & purification, Influenza B virus isolation & purification, Influenza Vaccines administration & dosage, Influenza, Human prevention & control, Population Surveillance
- Abstract
During the 2019-20 influenza season, influenza-like illness (ILI)* activity first exceeded the national baseline during the week ending November 9, 2019, signaling the earliest start to the influenza season since the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic. Activity remains elevated as of mid-February 2020. In the United States, annual vaccination against seasonal influenza is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months (1). During each influenza season, CDC estimates seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza associated with medically attended acute respiratory illness (ARI). This interim report used data from 4,112 children and adults enrolled in the U.S. Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (U.S. Flu VE Network) during October 23, 2019-January 25, 2020. Overall, vaccine effectiveness (VE) against any influenza virus associated with medically attended ARI was 45% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 36%-53%). VE was estimated to be 50% (95% CI = 39%-59%) against influenza B/Victoria viruses and 37% (95% CI = 19%-52%) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, indicating that vaccine has significantly reduced medical visits associated with influenza so far this season. Notably, vaccination provided substantial protection (VE = 55%; 95% CI = 42%-65%) among children and adolescents aged 6 months-17 years. Interim VE estimates are consistent with those from previous seasons, ranging from 40%-60% when influenza vaccines were antigenically matched to circulating viruses. CDC recommends that health care providers continue to administer influenza vaccine to persons aged ≥6 months because influenza activity is ongoing, and the vaccine can still prevent illness, hospitalization, and death associated with currently circulating influenza viruses as well as other influenza viruses that might circulate later in the season., Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. Richard K. Zimmerman reports grants from Sanofi Pasteur, Pfizer Inc., and Merck & Co., outside the submitted work; Arnold S. Monto reports personal fees from Sanofi Pasteur and Seqirus, outside the submitted work; Emily T. Martin reports consulting fees from Pfizer Inc. and research funding from Merck & Co., outside the submitted work; Michael L. Jackson reports grants from Sanofi Pasteur, outside the submitted work; Mary Patricia Nowalk reports grants from Merck & Co, Inc. and Pfizer, Inc., outside the submitted work; and Huong Q. McLean reports grants from Seqirus, outside the submitted work. No other potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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